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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimal Taxation with Multiple Dimensions of Heterogeneity (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081810
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (80 Seiten)
    Content: This paper develops a general theory of optimal income taxation with multiple dimensions of agent heterogeneity. The main technical hurdle in developing this theory is the possibility that individuals have multiple optimal incomes. Using a perturbation approach, optimal tax formulas are derived that account for the possibility that individuals have multiple optima and, hence, account for the possibility that individuals jump between their optimal income levels when the tax schedule is perturbed. The magnitude of these effects is quantified, thereby augmenting the optimal tax formulas from Saez (2001) with additional "jumping effect" terms. The paper provides a partial characterization of when individuals with multiple optimal incomes may exist under the optimal tax schedule. Finally, the paper derives a new methodology to simulate optimal income tax schedules with multidimensional heterogeneity. This method is implemented numerically, showing that individuals with multiple optimal income levels can exist under the optimal tax schedule
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9572
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9572
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Welfare Analysis of Changing Notches : Evidence from Bolsa Familia (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080012
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (70 Seiten)
    Content: This paper develops a framework to bound the welfare impacts of reforms to notches using two sufficient statistics: (1) the number of households bunching at the old notch who move toward the new notch, and (2) the number of households who "jump" down to the new notch. The bounds hold in a wide class of models, highlighting a new way to use reduced-form bunching evidence for welfare analysis without strong assumptions on the economic environment. These two statistics are estimated using a difference-in-difference strategy for a reform to the anti-poverty program Bolsa Familia, finding that the reform's marginal value of public funds lies between 0.90 and 1.12
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Mansuri, Ghazala Money versus Kudos: The Impact of Incentivizing Local Politicians in India Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2022
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10117
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10117
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shared Decision-Making : Can Improved Counseling Increase Willingness to Pay for Modern Contraceptives? (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080977
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (38 Seiten)
    Content: Long-acting reversible contraceptives are highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancies, but take-up remains low. This paper analyzes a randomized controlled trial of interventions addressing two barriers to long-acting reversible contraceptive adoption, credit, and informational constraints. The study offered discounts to the clients of a women's hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon, and cross-randomized a counseling strategy that encourages shared decision-making using a tablet-based app that ranks modern methods. Discounts increased uptake by 50 percent, with larger effects for adolescents. Shared decision-making tripled the share of clients adopting a long-acting reversible contraceptive at full price, from 11 to 35 percent, and discounts had no incremental impact in this group
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9777
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9777
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving the Well-Being of Adolescent Girls in Developing Countries (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080865
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Content: This paper conducts a large, narrative literature review of interventions that seek to (1) increase educational attainment, (2) delay childbearing, and/or (3) delay marriage for adolescent girls in developing countries. Using 104 interventions from 70 studies, predominantly in developing countries, the paper summarizes the performance of 16 categories of interventions in improving each of the three outcomes of interest. It then provides high-level policy strategies to improve each outcome, informed by this review. Finally, the paper discusses several promising future research avenues to help close knowledge gaps and, thus, improve policy guidance for enhancing the well-being of adolescent girls in developing settings
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9827
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9827
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The role of inequality for poverty reduction : Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020 background paper (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1743493150
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9409
    Content: Using World Bank PovcalNet data from 1974-2018 for 135 countries, this paper approximates the identity that links growth in mean incomes and changes in the distribution of relative incomes to reductions in absolute poverty, and, in turn, examines the role of income inequality for poverty reduction. The analysis finds that the assumption that income is log-normally distributed allows one to approximate the identity well. Using this approximation, both the growth and inequality elasticities of poverty reduction are calculated. The inequality elasticity of poverty reduction is larger, on average, compared to the (absolute) growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Moreover, the (absolute) growth elasticity declines steeply with a country's initial level of inequality. However, despite these results, most of the observed changes in poverty can be explained by changes in mean incomes. This is a consequence of changes in income inequality (as measured by percentage changes in the standard deviation of log-income) being an order of magnitude smaller than changes in mean incomes. Overall, the results highlight the important role income inequality can play in reducing poverty even if prior poverty changes have, in large part, been a consequence of economic growth
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom, Katy The Role of Inequality for Poverty Reduction Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9409
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using labor supply elasticities to learn about income inequality : the role of productivities versus preferences (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1700575856
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9102
    Content: This paper argues that labor supply elasticities encode information about the determinants of income inequality. In the theoretical framework, individuals choose labor supply conditional on productivities and preferences for consumption relative to leisure. The paper shows that reduced-form labor supply elasticities allow one to isolate the components of income due to productivities versus preferences. The paper then investigates what labor supply elasticities imply about the importance of productivities versus preferences in the United States. Estimates from the literature imply productivities drive most of income inequality. Larger income effects and larger differences between income and hours worked elasticities imply preferences play an increasingly important role
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom Katy Using Labor Supply Elasticities To Learn About Income Inequality: The Role Of Productivities Versus Preferences Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9102
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The targeting benefit of conditional cash transfers (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1700559222
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9101
    Content: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are a popular type of social welfare program that make payments to households conditional on human capital investments in children. Compared to unconditional cash transfers (UCTs), CCTs may exclude some low-income households as access is tied to normal investments in children. This paper argues that conditionalities on children's school enrollment offer an unexplored targeting benefit over UCTs: CCTs target money to households that forgo a discrete amount of child income. This paper shows that the size of this targeting benefit is directly related to the distribution of parental incomes, the size of forgone child incomes, and two elasticities already popular in the literature: the income effect of a UCT and the price effect of a CCT. These elasticities are estimated for a large CCT program in rural Mexico, Progresa, using variation in transfers to younger siblings to identify income effects. In this setting, the analysis finds that the targeting benefit is almost as large as the cost of excluding some low-income households; this implies that 41 percent of the Progresa budget should go to a CCT over a UCT based on targeting grounds alone
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom Katy The Targeting Benefit Of Conditional Cash Transfers Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9101
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Targeting Benefit Of Conditional Cash Transfers (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274572
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (79 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) are a popular type of social welfare program that make payments to households conditional on human capital investments in children. Compared to unconditional cash transfers (UCTs), CCTs may exclude some low-income households as access is tied to normal investments in children. This paper argues that conditionalities on children's school enrollment offer an unexplored targeting benefit over UCTs: CCTs target money to households that forgo a discrete amount of child income. This paper shows that the size of this targeting benefit is directly related to the distribution of parental incomes, the size of forgone child incomes, and two elasticities already popular in the literature: the income effect of a UCT and the price effect of a CCT. These elasticities are estimated for a large CCT program in rural Mexico, Progresa, using variation in transfers to younger siblings to identify income effects. In this setting, the analysis finds that the targeting benefit is almost as large as the cost of excluding some low-income households; this implies that 41 percent of the Progresa budget should go to a CCT over a UCT based on targeting grounds alone
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom Katy The Targeting Benefit Of Conditional Cash Transfers Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9101
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Labor Supply Elasticities To Learn About Income Inequality : The Role Of Productivities Versus Preferences (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274573
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (73 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper argues that labor supply elasticities encode information about the determinants of income inequality. In the theoretical framework, individuals choose labor supply conditional on productivities and preferences for consumption relative to leisure. The paper shows that reduced-form labor supply elasticities allow one to isolate the components of income due to productivities versus preferences. The paper then investigates what labor supply elasticities imply about the importance of productivities versus preferences in the United States. Estimates from the literature imply productivities drive most of income inequality. Larger income effects and larger differences between income and hours worked elasticities imply preferences play an increasingly important role
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom Katy Using Labor Supply Elasticities To Learn About Income Inequality: The Role Of Productivities Versus Preferences Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9102
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Inequality for Poverty Reduction (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274848
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Using World Bank PovcalNet data from 1974-2018 for 135 countries, this paper approximates the identity that links growth in mean incomes and changes in the distribution of relative incomes to reductions in absolute poverty, and, in turn, examines the role of income inequality for poverty reduction. The analysis finds that the assumption that income is log-normally distributed allows one to approximate the identity well. Using this approximation, both the growth and inequality elasticities of poverty reduction are calculated. The inequality elasticity of poverty reduction is larger, on average, compared to the (absolute) growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Moreover, the (absolute) growth elasticity declines steeply with a country's initial level of inequality. However, despite these results, most of the observed changes in poverty can be explained by changes in mean incomes. This is a consequence of changes in income inequality (as measured by percentage changes in the standard deviation of log-income) being an order of magnitude smaller than changes in mean incomes. Overall, the results highlight the important role income inequality can play in reducing poverty even if prior poverty changes have, in large part, been a consequence of economic growth
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Bergstrom, Katy The Role of Inequality for Poverty Reduction Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9409
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
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