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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal Policy and Economic Activity in South Asia / (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959045268702883
    Format: 1 online resource (24 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper analyzes whether fiscal policy in South Asia amplifies or smooths business cycle fluctuations. The paper estimates several econometric models to explore the cyclicality of government spending and tax buoyancy. The findings show that fiscal policy is procyclical in most countries. In South Asia, tax revenue increases less than one to one with gross domestic product, but public spending increases more than proportionally. While changes in tax revenue have no significant impact on economic activity, the government spending multiplier is positive and significant: an additional 1 USD of spending leads to an immediate increase in gross domestic product of 0.3 USD and a cumulative increase of 0.6 USD. The impact of public spending on economic activity is entirely due to capital expenditure, which is also more procyclical. Procyclical public spending and a positive expenditure multiplier imply that fiscal policy in South Asia amplifies boom-and-bust cycles.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8792
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment in South Asia : A New Dataset (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959045270002883
    Format: 1 online resource (29 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper presents a new dataset of comparable employment indicators for South Asian countries, constructed from more than 60 primary data sources from 2001 to 2017. The main contribution of the paper is to curate the information provided by individual respondents to censuses and surveys, in a way that is consistent across countries and over time. The usefulness of the dataset is illustrated by conducting a rigorous assessment of employment characteristics, of changes in employment over time, and of the short- and long-run relationship between economic growth and employment growth in South Asia. The exercise shows that agriculture still employs the majority of the working-age population across the region and, except in Sri Lanka, more than half of the employment is self-employment or unpaid family work. The paper also shows that employment rates are generally decreasing in South Asia, and that in some countries female employment rates are falling rapidly. Seasonal growth patterns are shown to affect the composition of employment, while non-seasonal changes in short-run growth affect the overall level of employment. The paper estimates that, in the long run, one percentage point growth of gross domestic product has led on average to a 0.34 percent increase in employment.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8779
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Development Update, April 2021 : Moving Forward - Connectivity and Logistics to Strengthen Competitiveness (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081409
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Content: This report provides an assessment of the state of the economy in Bangladesh, discussing the outlook, risks, and key reform challenges. It covers: real sector developments, focusing on growth and its components; inflation; monetary and financial sector developments; external sector trends, focusing on the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate; and fiscal outcomes, focusing on revenue mobilization, public expenditures, and deficit financing. The special focus section of this update discusses how improved connectivity and logistics can help the Bangladeshi economy recover from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and build resilience to future shocks
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/35965
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring districts' monthly economic activity from outer space (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1031657134
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8523
    Content: Evening-hour luminosity observed using satellites is a good proxy for economic activity. The strengths of measuring economic activity using nightlight measurements include that the data capture informal activity, are available in near real-time, are cheap to obtain, and can be used to conduct very spatially granular analysis. This paper presents a measure of monthly economic activity at the district level based on cleaned Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite nightlight and rural population. The paper demonstrates that this new method can shed light on recent episodes in South Asia: first, the 2015 earthquake in Nepal; second, demonetization in India; and, third, violent conflict outbreaks in Afghanistan
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert C. M Measuring Districts' Monthly Economic Activity from Outer Space Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8523
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal policy and economic activity in South Asia (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1666288438
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8792
    Content: This paper analyzes whether fiscal policy in South Asia amplifies or smooths business cycle fluctuations. The paper estimates several econometric models to explore the cyclicality of government spending and tax buoyancy. The findings show that fiscal policy is procyclical in most countries. In South Asia, tax revenue increases less than one to one with gross domestic product, but public spending increases more than proportionally. While changes in tax revenue have no significant impact on economic activity, the government spending multiplier is positive and significant: an additional 1 USD of spending leads to an immediate increase in gross domestic product of 0.3 USD and a cumulative increase of 0.6 USD. The impact of public spending on economic activity is entirely due to capital expenditure, which is also more procyclical. Procyclical public spending and a positive expenditure multiplier imply that fiscal policy in South Asia amplifies boom-and-bust cycles
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert Carl Michael Fiscal Policy and Economic Activity in South Asia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8792
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment in South Asia : a new dataset (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1666276340
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8779
    Content: This paper presents a new dataset of comparable employment indicators for South Asian countries, constructed from more than 60 primary data sources from 2001 to 2017. The main contribution of the paper is to curate the information provided by individual respondents to censuses and surveys, in a way that is consistent across countries and over time. The usefulness of the dataset is illustrated by conducting a rigorous assessment of employment characteristics, of changes in employment over time, and of the short- and long-run relationship between economic growth and employment growth in South Asia. The exercise shows that agriculture still employs the majority of the working-age population across the region and, except in Sri Lanka, more than half of the employment is self-employment or unpaid family work. The paper also shows that employment rates are generally decreasing in South Asia, and that in some countries female employment rates are falling rapidly. Seasonal growth patterns are shown to affect the composition of employment, while non-seasonal changes in short-run growth affect the overall level of employment. The paper estimates that, in the long run, one percentage point growth of gross domestic product has led on average to a 0.34 percent increase in employment
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert Carl Michael Employment in South Asia: A New Dataset Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8779
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamics and synchronization of global equilibrium interest rates (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1749512556
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9489
    Content: With the COVID-19 pandemic, the intense debate about secular stagnation will become even more important. Empirical estimates of equilibrium real interest rates are so far mostly limited to advanced economies, since no statistical procedure suitable for a large set of countries is available. This is surprising, as equilibrium rates have strong policy implications in emerging markets and developing economies as well; current estimates of the global equilibrium rate rely on only a few countries; and estimates for a more diverse set of countries can improve understanding of the drivers. This paper proposes a model and estimation strategy that decompose ex ante real interest rates into a permanent and transitory component even with short samples and high volatility. This is done with an unobserved component local level stochastic volatility model, which is used to estimate equilibrium rates for 50 countries with Bayesian methods. Equilibrium rates were lower in emerging markets and developing economies than in advanced economies in the 1980s, similar in the 1990s, and have been higher since 2000. In line with economic integration and rising global capital markets, synchronization has been rising over time and is higher among advanced economies. Equilibrium rates of countries with stronger trade linkages and similar demographic and economic trends are more synchronized
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert C.M Dynamics and Synchronization of Global Equilibrium Interest Rates Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9489
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lights out? : COVID-19 containment policies and economic activity (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1749508958
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9485
    Content: This paper estimates the impact of a differential relaxation of COVID-19 containment policies on aggregate economic activity in India. Following a uniform national lockdown, the Government of India classified all districts into three zones with varying containment measures in May 2020. Using a difference-in-differences approach, the paper estimates the impact of these restrictions on nighttime light intensity, a standard high-frequency proxy for economic activity. To conduct this analysis, pandemic-era, district-level data from a range of novel sources are combined - monthly nighttime lights from global satellites; Facebook's mobility data from individual smartphone locations; and high-frequency, household-level survey data on income and consumption, supplemented with data from the Indian Census and the Reserve Bank of India. The analysis finds that nighttime light intensity in May was 12.4 percent lower for districts with the most severe restrictions and 1.7 percent lower for districts with intermediate restrictions, compared with districts with the least restrictions. The differences were largest in May, when the different policies were in place, and slowly tapered in June and July. Restricted mobility and lower household income are plausible channels for these results. Stricter containment measures had larger impacts in districts with greater population density of older residents, as well as more services employment and bank credit
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert C.M Lights Out? COVID-19 Containment Policies and Economic Activity Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9485
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examining the economic impact of COVID-19 in India through daily electricity consumption and nighttime light intensity (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1726663167
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9291
    Content: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic activity in India. Adjusting policies to contain trans- mission while mitigating the economic impact requires an assessment of the economic situation in near real-time and at high spatial granularity. This paper shows that daily electricity consumption and monthly nighttime light intensity can proxy for economic activity in India. Energy consumption is compared with the predictions of a consumption model that explains 90 percent of the variation in normal times. Energy consumption declined strongly after a national lockdown was implemented on March 25, 2020 and remained a quarter below normal levels throughout April. It recovered somewhat subsequently, but electricity consumption was on average still 13.5 percent lower than normal in May. Not all states and union territories have been affected equally. While electricity consumption halved in some, others were not affected at all. Part of the heterogeneity is explained by the prevalence of manufacturing and return migration. At the district level, higher COVID-19 infection rates were associated with larger declines in nighttime light intensity in April. Together, daily electricity consumption and nighttime light intensity allow monitoring economic activity in near real-time and high spatial granularity
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Beyer, Robert C.M Examining the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in India through Daily Electricity Consumption and Nighttime Light Intensity Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9291
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Beyer, Robert 1986-
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Employment in South Asia : A New Dataset (2019)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959045270002883
    Format: 1 online resource (29 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper presents a new dataset of comparable employment indicators for South Asian countries, constructed from more than 60 primary data sources from 2001 to 2017. The main contribution of the paper is to curate the information provided by individual respondents to censuses and surveys, in a way that is consistent across countries and over time. The usefulness of the dataset is illustrated by conducting a rigorous assessment of employment characteristics, of changes in employment over time, and of the short- and long-run relationship between economic growth and employment growth in South Asia. The exercise shows that agriculture still employs the majority of the working-age population across the region and, except in Sri Lanka, more than half of the employment is self-employment or unpaid family work. The paper also shows that employment rates are generally decreasing in South Asia, and that in some countries female employment rates are falling rapidly. Seasonal growth patterns are shown to affect the composition of employment, while non-seasonal changes in short-run growth affect the overall level of employment. The paper estimates that, in the long run, one percentage point growth of gross domestic product has led on average to a 0.34 percent increase in employment.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8779
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
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