Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (361 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-820296-3

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-820294-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (540 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-821894-0

Content: "Waste Biorefinery: Value Addition through Resources Utilization provides scientific and technical information surrounding the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. The book covers recent developments and achievements in the field of biochemical, thermo-chemical and hybrid methods and the necessities and potentials generated by different kinds of residual streams, including biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. An assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries illustrate the topics presented, covering energy, chemicals, fuels, food for animal recovery from different waste matrices, and more. Finally, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy demand, government policies, environmental impacts and education in bioenergy. This book will serve as an excellent resource for science graduates, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, biotechnologists and industrial experts in these areas"--

Note: I General 1. Waste carbon resources for waste biorefinery: strategies for sustainable recycling 2. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and role of waste biorefinery 3. Energy and Environment 4. Advances in Conversion processes for complex feeds/streams II Integrated Biorefineries/Waste Valorization 5. Food waste biorefinery 6. Case study: Food waste biorefinery 7. Case study: Edible crop biorefinery

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-821879-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 electronic resource (428 p.)

ISBN: 3-03928-910-1

Content: Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.

Note: English

Additional Edition: ISBN 3-03928-909-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (1,165 pages)

ISBN: 0-444-63993-4 , 0-444-63992-6

Note: Front Cover -- Waste Biorefinery: Potential and Perspectives -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section A: General -- Chapter 1: Dedicated and Waste Feedstocks for Biorefinery: An Approach to Develop a Sustainable Society -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of Feedstock Utilization for Production of Energy and Chemicals -- 3. Green Chemistry and Feedstock for Biorefinery -- 4. Conventional Classification of the Feedstock -- 4.1. Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.1. Processing of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.2. Advantages of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.3. Disadvantages of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.2. Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.1. Processing of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.2. Advantage of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.3. Disadvantage of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.3. Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.1. Processing of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.2. Advantage of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.3. Disadvantage of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4. Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.1. Processing of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.2. Advantage of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.3. Disadvantage of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5. Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.1. Processing of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.2. Advantages of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.3. Disadvantages of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.6. Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.1. Processing of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.2. Advantages of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.3. Disadvantage of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.7. Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.1. Processing of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery. , 4.7.2. Advantages of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.3. Disadvantages of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.4. Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- Advantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- Disadvantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- 4.7.5. Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- Advantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- 4.7.6. Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- Advantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- 4.7.7. Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- Advantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- 5. Perspective and Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2: Kinetic Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Kinetic Triplet -- 3. Models for Reaction Progress -- 3.1. Diffusion Models -- 3.2. Geometrical Contraction Models -- 3.3. Nucleation or Growth Models -- 3.4. Order Based Models -- 4. Single Heating Rate Methods -- 4.1. Coats-Redfern Equation -- 4.2. MacCallum-Tanner Equation -- 4.3. Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan Equation -- 4.4. Horowitz-Metzger Equation -- 4.5. van Krevelen Equation -- 5. Model Fitting Methods -- 6. Isoconversional Methods -- 6.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis -- 6.2. Recommendations of International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) -- 6.3. Differential Method -- 6.4. Integral Methods -- 6.4.1. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) Equation -- 6.4.2. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) Equation -- 6.4.3. Starink's Equation -- 6.4.4. Li and Tang Equation -- 6.5. Advanced Methods. , 6.5.1. Vyazovkin Method -- 6.5.2. Iterative Method of "Cai and Chen -- 6.6. Activation Energy Values From Isoconversional Methods -- 6.7. Choosing the Method for Finding Activation Energy -- 7. Other Noteworthy Methods for Finding Activation Energy -- 7.1. Kissinger's Method -- 7.2. Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) -- 7.3. Miscellaneous Methods -- 8. Methods for Consummation of Kinetic Triplet -- 8.1. Method of Compensation Factor -- 8.2. Master Plot Methods -- 8.3. Kissinger Method -- 9. Kinetic Predictions -- 10. Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters From Kinetic Data -- 11. Computational Perspective -- 11.1. Smoothing -- 11.2. Data Filtering -- 11.3. Data Manipulation -- 11.4. Data Point Reduction -- 11.5. Determining Activation Energy by Finding Slope -- 11.6. Symbolic Math -- 12. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Sidestreams From Bioenergy and Biorefinery Complexes as a Resource for Circular Bioeconomy -- 1. Introduction: Existing Bioenergy and Biorefinery Complexes -- 1.1. Sugar and Starch Based Biorefineries -- 1.2. Lipid or Triglyceride Based Biorefinery -- 1.3. Lignocellulosic Biorefinery (Thermochemical) -- 1.4. Lignocellulosic Biorefinery (Chemical and Biochemical) -- 2. Bioenergy By-products or Side Streams as a Platform -- 2.1. CO2 as Chemical Platform -- 2.2. Solid Residues From Sugar and Starch Biorefineries as a Chemical Platform -- 2.3. Solid Residues From Lipid Biorefineries as a Chemical Platform -- 2.4. Glycerol as a Chemical Platform -- 2.5. Hemicelluloses as a Chemical Platform -- 2.6. Lignin as a Chemical Platform -- 2.7. Extractives (Tall Oil and Turpentine) as a Chemical Platform -- 2.8. Pyrolysis Oils as a Chemical Platform -- 3. Economic Benefits -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section B: Conversion Processes. , Chapter 4: Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Waste Biorefinery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Direct Thermochemical Treatment/Liquefaction -- 2.1. Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 2.2. Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- 2.2.1. Lignocellulosic Residues -- 2.2.2. Plastics -- 2.2.3. Biogenic Residues -- 2.3. Liquefaction Using Organic Solvents -- 3. Supercritical Water Gasification -- 4. Pyrolysis -- 5. Gasification -- 6. Comparison, Economics and Potential Integration of Technologies -- 7. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5: Combined Gasification-Fermentation Process in Waste Biorefinery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gasification -- 2.1. Advantages of Gasification -- 2.2. Gasification Process -- 2.3. Gasifier Designs -- 2.3.1. Fixed Bed Gasification -- 2.3.2. Fluidized Bed Gasification -- 2.3.3. Plasma Gasification -- 2.3.4. Entrained Flow Gasification -- 2.4. Factors That Affect the Syngas Composition -- 2.4.1. Biomass -- 2.4.2. Gasifier Design -- 2.4.3. Temperature -- 2.4.4. Pressure of Gasification -- 2.4.5. Oxidizing Agent -- 2.4.6. Equivalence Ratio -- 2.5. Mathematical Models -- 3. Syngas Fermentation -- 3.1. Advantages and Limitations of the Combined Gasification and Fermentation Process -- 3.2. Microbiology -- 3.3. Biochemical Reactions -- 3.4. Metabolic Pathways -- 3.4.1. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham Pathway -- 3.4.2. The Reductive TCA Pathway -- 3.4.3. The Acetyl-CoA Pathway -- 3.4.4. The Hydroxypropionic Pathway -- 3.4.5. Energy Conservation -- 3.5. Genetically Modified Strains -- 3.6. Products -- 3.6.1. Carboxylic Acids and H2 -- 3.6.2. Ethanol -- 3.6.3. Butanol -- 3.6.4. 2,3-Butanediol -- 3.6.5. Methane -- 3.6.6. Biopolymers -- 3.7. Product Separation -- 3.8. Process Parameters in Syngas Fermentation -- 3.8.1. Temperature -- 3.8.2. Media pH -- 3.8.3. Media composition -- 3.8.4. Substrate pressure -- 3.8.5. Syngas impurities. , 3.8.6. Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer -- 3.8.7. High Cell-Density -- 3.9. Bioreactor Design -- 3.9.1. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor -- 3.9.2. Bubble Column Reactor -- 3.9.3. Other Reactor Configurations -- 3.10. Economic Considerations -- 3.11. Current Developments and Future Aspects -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section C: Food Waste Biorefinery -- Chapter 6: Acidogenic Biorefinery: Food Waste Valorization to Biogas and Platform Chemicals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valorization of FW -- 2.1. Acidogenic Fermentation -- 2.1.1. Biohydrogen -- 2.1.2. Carboxylates -- 2.2. Bioalcohols -- 2.3. Methanogenesis: Biomethane Production -- 3. Integrated Bioprocess: Reiterating the Potential of Acidogenic Effluents -- 3.1. Biohythane -- 3.2. Bioploymers -- 3.3. Biodiesel -- 3.4. Bioelectrogenesis -- 3.5. Mixed Alcohols -- 4. FW Biorefinery -- 5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7: Food Supply Chain Waste: A Functional Periodic Table of Bio-Based Resources -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Moving to a Bio-Based Society -- 2. FSCW Valorization -- 3. FSCW Biorefineries -- 3.1. A Case for Vegetable Proteins From FSCW -- 3.2. A Case for Tropical Fruit Waste Valorization -- 3.2.1. Biomolecules Extracted From Tropical Fruit Waste -- 3.2.2. Promising Bioproducts Derived From Tropical Fruit Waste -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section D: Municipal Solid Waste Biorefinery -- Chapter 8: Conversion of Solid Wastes to Fuels and Chemicals Through Pyrolysis -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Agricultural and Forestry Residues -- 1.2. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) -- 1.3. Animal Manure -- 1.4. Sewage Sludge -- 2. Pyrolysis -- 2.1. Methods Characterizing Solid, Liquid, and Gas Products of Pyrolysis -- 2.1.1. Water/Moisture Content (ASTM E203 and D3173). , 2.1.2. Heating Value (ASTM D240).

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (764 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-818229-6

Content: "Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy"--

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-818228-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (428 p.)

ISBN: 9783039289103 , 9783039289097

Content: Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production

Note: English

Language: English

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxviii, 733 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme

ISBN: 9780128182284

Content: Waste Biorefinery: Integrating Biorefineries for Waste Valorisation provides the various options available for several renewable waste streams. The book includes scientific and technical information pertaining to the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. In addition, the book reports on recent developments and new achievements in the field of biochemical and thermo-chemical methods and the necessities and potential generated by different kinds of biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. The book presents an assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries pertaining to the use of sustainable technologies for energy recovery from different waste matrices. Advantages and limitations of different technologies are also discussed by considering the local energy demands, government policies, environmental impacts, and education in bioenergy.- Provides information on the most advanced and innovative processes for biomass conversion- Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes and products development on the principles of biorefinery- Includes information on the integration of processes and technologies for the production of biofuels, energy products and biochemicals- Demonstrates the application of various processes with proven case studies

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-12-818228-4

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/C2018-0-02960-6

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (361 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-820296-3

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-820294-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (361 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-820296-3

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-820294-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (1,165 pages)

ISBN: 0-444-63993-4 , 0-444-63992-6

Note: Front Cover -- Waste Biorefinery: Potential and Perspectives -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section A: General -- Chapter 1: Dedicated and Waste Feedstocks for Biorefinery: An Approach to Develop a Sustainable Society -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of Feedstock Utilization for Production of Energy and Chemicals -- 3. Green Chemistry and Feedstock for Biorefinery -- 4. Conventional Classification of the Feedstock -- 4.1. Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.1. Processing of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.2. Advantages of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.1.3. Disadvantages of Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.2. Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.1. Processing of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.2. Advantage of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.2.3. Disadvantage of Whole-Crop Feedstock and Biorefinery -- 4.3. Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.1. Processing of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.2. Advantage of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.3.3. Disadvantage of Green Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4. Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.1. Processing of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.2. Advantage of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.4.3. Disadvantage of Two-Platform Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5. Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.1. Processing of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.2. Advantages of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.5.3. Disadvantages of Oleo-Chemical Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.6. Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.1. Processing of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.2. Advantages of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.6.3. Disadvantage of Marine Feedstocks Biorefinery -- 4.7. Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.1. Processing of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery. , 4.7.2. Advantages of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.3. Disadvantages of Waste Based Feedstock Biorefinery -- 4.7.4. Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- Advantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- Disadvantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Agricultural Residue -- 4.7.5. Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- Advantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Industrial Residue -- 4.7.6. Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- Advantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Forestry Residue -- 4.7.7. Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- Advantages of Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- Disadvantage of Organic Waste Feedstock From Urban Residues/Municipal Waste -- 5. Perspective and Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2: Kinetic Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Kinetic Triplet -- 3. Models for Reaction Progress -- 3.1. Diffusion Models -- 3.2. Geometrical Contraction Models -- 3.3. Nucleation or Growth Models -- 3.4. Order Based Models -- 4. Single Heating Rate Methods -- 4.1. Coats-Redfern Equation -- 4.2. MacCallum-Tanner Equation -- 4.3. Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan Equation -- 4.4. Horowitz-Metzger Equation -- 4.5. van Krevelen Equation -- 5. Model Fitting Methods -- 6. Isoconversional Methods -- 6.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis -- 6.2. Recommendations of International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) -- 6.3. Differential Method -- 6.4. Integral Methods -- 6.4.1. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) Equation -- 6.4.2. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) Equation -- 6.4.3. Starink's Equation -- 6.4.4. Li and Tang Equation -- 6.5. Advanced Methods. , 6.5.1. Vyazovkin Method -- 6.5.2. Iterative Method of "Cai and Chen -- 6.6. Activation Energy Values From Isoconversional Methods -- 6.7. Choosing the Method for Finding Activation Energy -- 7. Other Noteworthy Methods for Finding Activation Energy -- 7.1. Kissinger's Method -- 7.2. Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) -- 7.3. Miscellaneous Methods -- 8. Methods for Consummation of Kinetic Triplet -- 8.1. Method of Compensation Factor -- 8.2. Master Plot Methods -- 8.3. Kissinger Method -- 9. Kinetic Predictions -- 10. Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters From Kinetic Data -- 11. Computational Perspective -- 11.1. Smoothing -- 11.2. Data Filtering -- 11.3. Data Manipulation -- 11.4. Data Point Reduction -- 11.5. Determining Activation Energy by Finding Slope -- 11.6. Symbolic Math -- 12. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Sidestreams From Bioenergy and Biorefinery Complexes as a Resource for Circular Bioeconomy -- 1. Introduction: Existing Bioenergy and Biorefinery Complexes -- 1.1. Sugar and Starch Based Biorefineries -- 1.2. Lipid or Triglyceride Based Biorefinery -- 1.3. Lignocellulosic Biorefinery (Thermochemical) -- 1.4. Lignocellulosic Biorefinery (Chemical and Biochemical) -- 2. Bioenergy By-products or Side Streams as a Platform -- 2.1. CO2 as Chemical Platform -- 2.2. Solid Residues From Sugar and Starch Biorefineries as a Chemical Platform -- 2.3. Solid Residues From Lipid Biorefineries as a Chemical Platform -- 2.4. Glycerol as a Chemical Platform -- 2.5. Hemicelluloses as a Chemical Platform -- 2.6. Lignin as a Chemical Platform -- 2.7. Extractives (Tall Oil and Turpentine) as a Chemical Platform -- 2.8. Pyrolysis Oils as a Chemical Platform -- 3. Economic Benefits -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section B: Conversion Processes. , Chapter 4: Thermochemical Conversion Processes for Waste Biorefinery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Direct Thermochemical Treatment/Liquefaction -- 2.1. Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 2.2. Hydrothermal Liquefaction -- 2.2.1. Lignocellulosic Residues -- 2.2.2. Plastics -- 2.2.3. Biogenic Residues -- 2.3. Liquefaction Using Organic Solvents -- 3. Supercritical Water Gasification -- 4. Pyrolysis -- 5. Gasification -- 6. Comparison, Economics and Potential Integration of Technologies -- 7. Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5: Combined Gasification-Fermentation Process in Waste Biorefinery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gasification -- 2.1. Advantages of Gasification -- 2.2. Gasification Process -- 2.3. Gasifier Designs -- 2.3.1. Fixed Bed Gasification -- 2.3.2. Fluidized Bed Gasification -- 2.3.3. Plasma Gasification -- 2.3.4. Entrained Flow Gasification -- 2.4. Factors That Affect the Syngas Composition -- 2.4.1. Biomass -- 2.4.2. Gasifier Design -- 2.4.3. Temperature -- 2.4.4. Pressure of Gasification -- 2.4.5. Oxidizing Agent -- 2.4.6. Equivalence Ratio -- 2.5. Mathematical Models -- 3. Syngas Fermentation -- 3.1. Advantages and Limitations of the Combined Gasification and Fermentation Process -- 3.2. Microbiology -- 3.3. Biochemical Reactions -- 3.4. Metabolic Pathways -- 3.4.1. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham Pathway -- 3.4.2. The Reductive TCA Pathway -- 3.4.3. The Acetyl-CoA Pathway -- 3.4.4. The Hydroxypropionic Pathway -- 3.4.5. Energy Conservation -- 3.5. Genetically Modified Strains -- 3.6. Products -- 3.6.1. Carboxylic Acids and H2 -- 3.6.2. Ethanol -- 3.6.3. Butanol -- 3.6.4. 2,3-Butanediol -- 3.6.5. Methane -- 3.6.6. Biopolymers -- 3.7. Product Separation -- 3.8. Process Parameters in Syngas Fermentation -- 3.8.1. Temperature -- 3.8.2. Media pH -- 3.8.3. Media composition -- 3.8.4. Substrate pressure -- 3.8.5. Syngas impurities. , 3.8.6. Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer -- 3.8.7. High Cell-Density -- 3.9. Bioreactor Design -- 3.9.1. Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor -- 3.9.2. Bubble Column Reactor -- 3.9.3. Other Reactor Configurations -- 3.10. Economic Considerations -- 3.11. Current Developments and Future Aspects -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section C: Food Waste Biorefinery -- Chapter 6: Acidogenic Biorefinery: Food Waste Valorization to Biogas and Platform Chemicals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valorization of FW -- 2.1. Acidogenic Fermentation -- 2.1.1. Biohydrogen -- 2.1.2. Carboxylates -- 2.2. Bioalcohols -- 2.3. Methanogenesis: Biomethane Production -- 3. Integrated Bioprocess: Reiterating the Potential of Acidogenic Effluents -- 3.1. Biohythane -- 3.2. Bioploymers -- 3.3. Biodiesel -- 3.4. Bioelectrogenesis -- 3.5. Mixed Alcohols -- 4. FW Biorefinery -- 5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 7: Food Supply Chain Waste: A Functional Periodic Table of Bio-Based Resources -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Moving to a Bio-Based Society -- 2. FSCW Valorization -- 3. FSCW Biorefineries -- 3.1. A Case for Vegetable Proteins From FSCW -- 3.2. A Case for Tropical Fruit Waste Valorization -- 3.2.1. Biomolecules Extracted From Tropical Fruit Waste -- 3.2.2. Promising Bioproducts Derived From Tropical Fruit Waste -- 4. Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section D: Municipal Solid Waste Biorefinery -- Chapter 8: Conversion of Solid Wastes to Fuels and Chemicals Through Pyrolysis -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Agricultural and Forestry Residues -- 1.2. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) -- 1.3. Animal Manure -- 1.4. Sewage Sludge -- 2. Pyrolysis -- 2.1. Methods Characterizing Solid, Liquid, and Gas Products of Pyrolysis -- 2.1.1. Water/Moisture Content (ASTM E203 and D3173). , 2.1.2. Heating Value (ASTM D240).

Language: English