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  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079316
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (63 Seiten)
    Content: This paper examines the welfare impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, using harmonized data from 343 high-frequency phone surveys conducted in 80 economies during 2020 and 2021, representing more than 2.5 billion people. The analysis focuses on the scarring effects of the initial losses of employment and income by examining their evolution over time across and within countries, as restrictions on mobility and economic activity were introduced and then gradually relaxed. The employment and welfare outcomes of some groups that were impacted to a greater degree initially-including women, informal workers, and those with less education-have been improving at a slower pace. The social protection response in lower-income economies was largely insufficient to protect households from the pandemic shock. Unmitigated welfare losses, as seen for example from the large share of households indicating income losses well into 2021, are highly correlated with food insecurity, which likely led some households to sell physical assets and deplete their savings. Without proper remediation, the uneven welfare impacts associated with COVID-19 may be amplified over the medium to long term, leading to future increases in poverty and inequality
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Brunckhorst, Ben Long COVID: The Evolution of Household Welfare in Developing Countries during the Pandemic Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2023
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_185818522X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Content: Reducing the impact of climate change on poor and vulnerable households is essential to hastening poverty reduction. In thinking about policies that do this, it is useful to apply the same hazard, exposure and vulnerability framework that is often used to understand the physical impacts of climate change and add the non-climate benefits and costs to households that these policies can also bring. Policies that reduce hazards and vulnerability whilst bringing non-climate benefits-triple win policies-are not very common, but where possible they should be prioritized. Policies that reduce vulnerability and bring non-climate benefits are more common. However, some development policies that bring non-climate benefits, particularly in higher-income and higher-growth countries, may increase emissions by enough to worsen future hazards, so their emissions impact needs to be managed with compensating actions. Policies that reduce the hazards faced by poor households are needed, and the non-climate cost of these policies on poor people should be minimized or compensated where it cannot be avoided
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1877052590
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Content: The World Bank's High-Frequency Phone Surveys were deployed to support the monitoring of household welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic, when most of the regular household survey data collection was suspended. This paper reviews the analytical insights gained from the High-Frequency Phone Survey data, including uneven dynamics of household welfare during the pandemic across and within countries, as well as novel applications to simulate estimates of poverty and intergenerational mobility following the pandemic. The paper further derives lessons from the data collection experience. First, phone surveys, while inexpensive and quick, require reliable sampling frames. The predominant sampling strategies-previous household survey and random digit dialing-each have pros and cons in terms of representativeness, non-response, and post-survey adjustments. Second, on questionnaire design, country customization needs to be carefully balanced against standardization when cross-country comparisons are likely to be important. Finally, baseline metrics are critical for crisis monitoring; this requires more frequent welfare monitoring and better alignment of questions in phone surveys and existing data sources. While phone surveys can be a reliable toolkit for researchers and governments, more research is needed on key questions related to the survey mode effect, and the implications of different sampling frames and questionnaire design
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Brunckhorst, Ben Tracing Pandemic Impacts in the Absence of Regular Survey Data: What have we Learned from the World Bank's High-Frequency Phone Surveys? Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2023
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    UID:
    edoccha_9961265503502883
    Format: 1 online resource (63 pages)
    Content: This paper examines the welfare impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, using harmonized data from 343 high-frequency phone surveys conducted in 80 economies during 2020 and 2021, representing more than 2.5 billion people. The analysis focuses on the scarring effects of the initial losses of employment and income by examining their evolution over time across and within countries, as restrictions on mobility and economic activity were introduced and then gradually relaxed. The employment and welfare outcomes of some groups that were impacted to a greater degree initially-including women, informal workers, and those with less education-have been improving at a slower pace. The social protection response in lower-income economies was largely insufficient to protect households from the pandemic shock. Unmitigated welfare losses, as seen for example from the large share of households indicating income losses well into 2021, are highly correlated with food insecurity, which likely led some households to sell physical assets and deplete their savings. Without proper remediation, the uneven welfare impacts associated with COVID-19 may be amplified over the medium to long term, leading to future increases in poverty and inequality.
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, District of Columbia :World Bank,
    UID:
    edoccha_9961102897202883
    Format: 1 online resource.
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers
    Content: This paper examines the welfare impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, using harmonized data from 343 high-frequency phone surveys conducted in 80 economies during 2020 and 2021, representing more than 2.5 billion people. The analysis focuses on the scarring effects of the initial losses of employment and income by examining their evolution over time across and within countries, as restrictions on mobility and economic activity were introduced and then gradually relaxed. The employment and welfare outcomes of some groups that were impacted to a greater degree initially-including women, informal workers, and those with less education-have been improving at a slower pace. The social protection response in lower-income economies was largely insufficient to protect households from the pandemic shock. Unmitigated welfare losses, as seen for example from the large share of households indicating income losses well into 2021, are highly correlated with food insecurity, which likely led some households to sell physical assets and deplete their savings. Without proper remediation, the uneven welfare impacts associated with COVID-19 may be amplified over the medium to long term, leading to future increases in poverty and inequality.
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_1892386852
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Content: Reducing the impact of climate change on poor and vulnerable householdsis essential to hastening poverty reduction. In thinking about policies thatdo this, it is useful to apply the same hazard, exposure and vulnerabilityframework that is often used to understand the physical impacts of climatechange and add the non-climate benefits and costs to households that thesepolicies can also bring. Policies that reduce hazards and vulnerability whilstbringing non-climate benefits-triple win policies—are not very common, butwhere possible they should be prioritized. Policies that reduce vulnerabilityand bring non-climate benefits are more common. However, some development policies that bring non-climate benefits, particularly in higher-incomeand higher-growth countries, may increase emissions by enough to worsenfuture hazards, so their emissions impact needs to be managed with compensating actions. Policies that reduce the hazards faced by poor households are needed, and the non-climate cost of these policies on poor peopleshould be minimized or compensated where it cannot be avoided
    Note: English , en_US
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_1892389592
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Papers 10619
    Content: Based on global datasets, 4.5 billion people were exposed to extreme weather events (flood, drought, cyclone, or heatwave) in 2019, an increase from 4 billion in 2010. Among exposed people in 2019, 2.3 billion people lived with less than $6.85 per day and about 400 million lived in extreme poverty (on less than $2.15 per day). This paper presents a methodology to estimate the number of people who are at high risk from extreme weather events, defined as the people who are exposed to these events and highly vulnerable to them. Vulnerability is proxied by a set of indicators measuring (1) the physical propensity to experience severe losses (proxied by the lack of access to basic infrastructure services, here water and electricity) and (2) the inability to cope with and recover from losses (proxied by low income, not having education, not having access to financial services and not having access to social protection). Estimates from 75 countries for which data on all indicators are available suggest that, in 2019, 42 percent of the total population (and 70 percent of people exposed) are at high risk from extreme weather shocks, if one indicator is enough to be considered as highly vulnerable. If high vulnerability is defined based on being vulnerable on two dimensions or more, then 12 percent of the total population (and 20 percent of people exposed) are at high risk from extreme weather shocks. The trend between 2010 and 2019 can be explored in a subset of countries covering 60 percent of the world population. In these countries, even though the population exposed to extreme weather events has been increasing, the number of people at high risk has declined. The exception is Sub-Saharan Africa where the number of people at high risk has increased between 2010 and 2019
    Note: English , en
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1892383195
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Papers 10585
    Content: The World Bank's High-Frequency Phone Surveys were deployed to support the monitoring of household welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic, when most of the regular household survey data collection was suspended. This paper reviews the analytical insights gained from the High-Frequency Phone Survey data, including uneven dynamics of household welfare during the pandemic across and within countries, as well as novel applications to simulate estimates of poverty and intergenerational mobility following the pandemic. The paper further derives lessons from the data collection experience. First, phone surveys, while inexpensive and quick, require reliable sampling frames. The predominant sampling strategies-previous household survey and random digit dialing-each have pros and cons in terms of representativeness, non-response, and post-survey adjustments. Second, on questionnaire design, country customization needs to be carefully balanced against standardization when cross-country comparisons are likely to be important. Finally, baseline metrics are critical for crisis monitoring; this requires more frequent welfare monitoring and better alignment of questions in phone surveys and existing data sources. While phone surveys can be a reliable toolkit for researchers and governments, more research is needed on key questions related to the survey mode effect, and the implications of different sampling frames and questionnaire design
    Note: English , en
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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