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  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074527
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (59 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Recent research suggests that isolation from regional and international markets has contributed significantly to poverty in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Numerous empirical studies identify poor transport infrastructure and border restrictions as significant deterrents to trade expansion. In response, the African Development Bank has proposed an integrated network of functional roads for the subcontinent. Drawing on new econometric results, the authors quantify the trade-expansion potential and costs of such a network. They use spatial network analysis techniques to identify a network of primary roads connecting all Sub-Saharan capitals and other cities with populations over 500,000. The authors estimate current overland trade flows in the network using econometrically-estimated gravity model parameters, road transport quality indicators, actual road distances, and estimates of economic scale for cities in the network. Then they simulate the effect of feasible continental upgrading by setting network transport quality at a level that is functional, but less highly developed than existing roads in countries like South Africa and Botswana. The authors assess the costs of upgrading with econometric evidence from a large World Bank database of road project costs in Africa. Using a standard approach to forecast error estimation, they derive a range of potential benefits and costs. Their baseline results indicate that continental network upgrading would expand overland trade by about
    Additional Edition: Buys, Piet Road Network Upgrading And Overland Trade Expansion In Sub-Saharan Africa
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074105
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Most discussions of the digital divide treat it as a "North-South" issue, but the conventional dichotomy doesn't apply to cell phones in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although almost all Sub-Saharan countries are poor by international standards, they exhibit great disparities in coverage by cell telephone systems. Buys, Dasgupta, Thomas and Wheeler investigate the determinants of these disparities with a spatially-disaggregated model that employs locational information for cell-phone towers across over 990,000 4.6-km grid squares in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using probit techniques, a probability model with adjustments for spatial autocorrelation has been estimated that relates the likelihood of cell-tower location within a grid square to potential market size (proximate population); installation and maintenance cost factors related to accessibility (elevation, slope, distance from a main road, distance from the nearest large city); and national competition policy. Probit estimates indicate strong, significant results for the supply-demand variables, and very strong results for the competition policy index. Simulations based on the econometric results suggest that a generalized improvement in competition policy to a level that currently characterizes the best-performing states in Sub-Saharan Africa could lead to huge improvements in cell-phone area coverage for many states currently with poor policy performance, and an overall coverage increase of nearly 100 percent
    Additional Edition: Buys, Piet Determinants of A Digital Divide In Sub-Saharan Africa
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074323
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (101 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Using a comprehensive geo-referenced database of indicators relating to global change and energy, the paper assesses countries' likely attitudes with respect to international treaties that regulate carbon emissions. The authors distinguish between source and impact vulnerability and classify countries according to these dimensions. The findings show clear differences in the factors that determine likely negotiating positions. This analysis and the resulting detailed, country level information help to explain the incentives required to make the establishment of such agreements more likely
    Additional Edition: Wheeler, David Country stakes in climate change negotiations
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074990
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3634
    Content: "This paper addresses the deceptively simple question: What is the rural population of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? It argues that rurality is a gradient, not a dichotomy, and nominates two dimensions to that gradient: population density and remoteness from large metropolitan areas. It uses geographically referenced population data (from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3) to tabulate the distribution of populations in Latin America and in individual countries by population density and by remoteness. It finds that the popular perception of Latin America as a 75 percent urban continent is misleading. Official census criteria, though inconsistent between countries, tend to classify as "urban" small settlements of less than 2,000 people. Many of these settlements are however embedded in an agriculturally based countryside. The paper finds that about 13 percent of Latin America populations live at ultra-low densities of less than 20 per square kilometer. Essentially these people are more than an hour's distance from a large city, and more than half live more than four hours' distance. A quarter of the population of Latin America is estimated to live at densities below 50, again essentially all of them more than an hour's distance from a large city. Almost half (46 pecent) of Latin America live at population densities below 150 (a conventional threshold for urban areas), and more than 90 percent of this group is at least an hour's distance from a city; about one-third of them (18 percent of the total) are more than four hours distance from a large city. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005
    Additional Edition: Chomitz, Kenneth M Quantifying the rural-urban gradient in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_724216243
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3634
    Content: "This paper addresses the deceptively simple question: What is the rural population of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? It argues that rurality is a gradient, not a dichotomy, and nominates two dimensions to that gradient: population density and remoteness from large metropolitan areas. It uses geographically referenced population data (from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3) to tabulate the distribution of populations in Latin America and in individual countries by population density and by remoteness. It finds that the popular perception of Latin America as a 75 percent urban continent is misleading. Official census criteria, though inconsistent between countries, tend to classify as "urban" small settlements of less than 2,000 people. Many of these settlements are however embedded in an agriculturally based countryside. The paper finds that about 13 percent of Latin America populations live at ultra-low densities of less than 20 per square kilometer. Essentially these people are more than an hour's distance from a large city, and more than half live more than four hours' distance. A quarter of the population of Latin America is estimated to live at densities below 50, again essentially all of them more than an hour's distance from a large city. Almost half (46 pecent) of Latin America live at population densities below 150 (a conventional threshold for urban areas), and more than 90 percent of this group is at least an hour's distance from a city; about one-third of them (18 percent of the total) are more than four hours distance from a large city. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
    Additional Edition: Chomitz, Kenneth M Quantifying the rural-urban gradient in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_385914016
    Format: 39 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3267
    Note: Internetausg.: http://econ.worldbank.org/files/34746_wps3267.pdf
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_388207604
    Format: 50 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3269
    Note: Internetausg.: http://econ.worldbank.org/files/34771_wps3269.pdf
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Author information: Dasgupta, Susmita 1961-
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Development Research Group, Substainable Rural and Urban Development Team
    UID:
    gbv_52523909X
    Format: 58 S. , Kt.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4097
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 48 - 50 , Internetausg.: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/12/13/000016406_20061213142013/Rendered/PDF/wps4097.pdf
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Author information: Deichmann, Uwe 1963-
    Author information: Wheeler, David 1946-
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Development Research Group, Infrastructure and Environment Team
    UID:
    gbv_499491556
    Format: 35 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3634
    Note: Internetausg.: http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2005/06/14/000016406_20050614122820/Rendered/PDF/wps3634.pdf
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur ; Arbeitspapier
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_797605290
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Research Working Paper 3269
    Content: How has environment mattered for the World Bank? The aggregate figures suggest that it has mattered a great deal, since the Bank's total environmental lending has exceeded $US 9 billion over the past six years. In this paper the authors use newly available data to address a more precise version of the question: Across countries and themes, how well has the Bank's environmental lending and analytical and advisory activities (AAA) matched the incidence of environmental problems? For their assessment, the authors extend their previous work on local pollution and fragile lands (Buys and others 2003) to consideration of global emissions, biodiversity, water resources, and institutional development. They construct cross-country problem indicators for each environmental theme and combine them with country risk measures to estimate optimal thematic lending and AAA for each country. The authors then compare their estimates with actual lending and AAA to assess the match between environmental problems and the Bank's response. The authors begin by constructing an overall indicator of environmental problems from their thematic indicators. Using regression analysis, they find a strong relationship between countries' general indicator values and the scale of their environmental borrowing, but a relatively weak relationship for AAA. At the thematic level, the authors find that problem indicators have relatively weak relationships with both lending and AAA. Adding country risk to the analysis, they test an optimal allocation model and find that it is consistent with the Bank's actual lending and AAA since 1998. The authors conclude that their model's assignment of lending and AAA to countries reflects the Bank's actual experience with partner countries. The model's explanatory power is relatively low, however, and when they compare model assignments to actual allocations, the authors find many large discrepancies for countries and environmental themes. Some gaps may reflect activity by other donor institutions, but many others may represent problems with efficient implementation of the Bank's Environment Strategy. To promote further discussion of this issue, the authors use their optimal allocation model to develop measures of lending opportunity by environmental theme for the Bank's partner countries.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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