UID:
almahu_9949225695402882
Format:
1 online resource (384 pages)
ISBN:
0-12-822737-0
,
0-12-822569-6
Content:
"Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies offers an exhaustive picture of all the biological aspects of human aging by describing the key mechanisms associated with human aging and covering events that could disrupt the normal course of aging. Each chapter includes a summary of the salient points covered, along with futures prospects. The book provides readers with the information they need to gain or deepen the skills needed to evaluate the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases and to monitor the effectiveness of therapies aimed at slowing aging. The book encourages PhD and Postdoc students, researchers, health professionals and others interested in the biology of aging to explore the fascinating and challenging questions about why and how we age as well as what can and cannot be done about it"--
Note:
Includes index.
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Intro -- Human Aging: From Cellular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Aging and longevity: An evolutionary approach -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Why does aging occur? -- 1.3. Mechanisms of aging -- 1.4. Causality and chance in aging and longevity -- 1.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2: Demographic aspects of aging -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Understanding the process: Browsing around the demographic transition theories -- 2.3. Aging inequalities -- 2.3.1. Differences by gender, education, and cause of death -- 2.3.2. Does having a longer life also mean having a better life? -- 2.3.3. Economics of population aging -- 2.4. Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3: Pathobiology of aging: An introduction to age-related diseases -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Complexity -- 3.3. Hallmarks of aging -- 3.4. Genomic instability -- 3.5. Epigenetic alteration -- 3.6. Deregulated nutrient sensing pathways -- 3.6.1. FOXO3 -- 3.6.2. Insulin/IGF-1 pathway -- 3.6.3. mTOR pathway -- 3.6.4. Sirtuin pathway -- 3.6.5. Autophagy -- 3.7. Loss of proteostasis -- 3.8. Mitochondrial dysfunction -- 3.9. Telomere attrition -- 3.10. Cellular senescence -- 3.11. Stem cell exhaustion -- 3.12. Altered intercellular communication -- 3.13. Cancer and aging -- 3.14. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in aging process -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Signaling pathway stimulating the appearance of SASP -- 4.3. SASP components -- 4.4. MiRNA and extracellular vesicles as new regulators and components of SASP -- 4.5. SASP profile in different cell types -- 4.6. Cellular senescence, SASP, and aging -- 4.7. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References.
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Chapter 5: The role of inflammaging in the development of chronic diseases of older people -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Basic mechanisms: Cellular senescence, inflammaging, molecular inflammation, and senoinflammation -- 5.2.1. Cellular senescence -- 5.2.2. Inflammaging -- 5.2.3. Molecular inflammation -- 5.2.4. Senoinflammation -- 5.3. Is chronic inflammatory state a common denominator of ARDs? -- 5.3.1. T2DM -- 5.3.2. Chronic aging-related respiratory diseases -- 5.3.3. Atherosclerosis -- 5.3.4. Frailty -- 5.3.5. Alzheimer's disease (AD) -- 5.3.6. Parkinson's disease (PD) -- 5.4. The case of COVID-19 -- 5.5. Proposed interventions to prevent ARDs -- 5.6. Conclusion and future perspective -- References -- Chapter 6: A new perspective on ROS in aging with an integrated view of the gut microbiota -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. The reactive oxygen species -- 6.3. The biological function of ROS -- 6.4. The oxidative stress theory of aging -- 6.5. ROS signaling in gut barrier, inflammation, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota in aging -- 6.6. Conclusion and future perspective -- References -- Chapter 7: Aging of immune system -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Changes in the adaptive immunity -- 7.2.1. T cells -- 7.2.2. B cells -- 7.3. Changes in the innate immunity -- 7.3.1. Neutrophils -- 7.3.2. Monocytes and macrophages -- 7.3.3. Dendritic cells -- 7.3.4. Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils -- 7.4. Inflammaging -- 7.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8: Vaccination in old age: Challenges and promises -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The state of the art -- 8.2.1. Adjuvants -- 8.2.2. Influenza -- 8.2.3. Streptococcus pneumoniae -- 8.2.4. Varicella zoster virus -- 8.3. Challenges and promises -- 8.3.1. TLR agonists -- 8.3.2. Virosomes, viral vectors, reverse vaccinology -- 8.3.3. Interleukin-7.
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8.3.4. Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinases as therapeutic inter ... -- 8.4. Conclusion and future perspectives -- Note added in proof -- References -- Chapter 9: Resilience signaling and hormesis in brain health and disease -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Regional specificity of brain resilience and vulnerability to stress -- 9.3. Hydrogen sulfide: A resilient signaling molecule in brain disorders -- 9.4. Plant polyphenols improve resilience and brain health via ``Vitagenes´´ -- 9.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10: Different components of frailty in the aging subjects-The role of sarcopenia -- 10.1. Frailty definition and assessment -- 10.2. Physical frailty and sarcopenia: two sides of the same coin -- 10.3. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of Sarcopenia -- 10.3.1. Muscle structure and function changes -- 10.3.2. Mitochondrial dysfunction -- 10.3.3. Anabolic resistance -- 10.3.4. Endocrine factors -- 10.3.5. Inflammation -- 10.4. Genetic components of sarcopenia -- 10.5. Lifestyle risk factors for sarcopenia -- 10.5.1. Malnutrition -- 10.5.2. Physical inactivity -- 10.6. Management of sarcopenia -- 10.6.1. Nutrition and physical activity -- 10.6.2. Anabolic medications and pharmacological treatments -- 10.7. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11: Hormones in aging -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Endocrine physiology: The role of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus -- 11.3. Gonadal function in aging -- 11.3.1. Menopause -- 11.3.2. ``Andropause,´´ male late-onset hypogonadism -- 11.4. Growth hormone and aging -- 11.5. Adrenal function in aging -- 11.5.1. Glucocorticoids -- 11.5.2. Adrenal androgens -- 11.5.3. Mineralocorticoids and aging -- 11.6. Thyroid function in aging -- 11.7. Conclusions and future perspective -- References.
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Chapter 12: Chronobiology and chrononutrition: Relevance for aging -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Biorhythms -- 12.3. Central oscillator and peripheral oscillators -- 12.4. Clock-controlled genes -- 12.5. Biological clock modulation and chronodisruption -- 12.6. Diet, circadian rhythm, aging, and longevity -- 12.6.1. Distribution of macronutrients throughout the day -- 12.6.2. Meals frequency -- 12.6.3. Caloric restriction -- 12.7. Meals composition for successful aging -- 12.8. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 13: Nutraceutical approach to age-related diseases-The clinical evidence on cognitive decline -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.1.1. Chronic age-related diseases and cognitive impairment -- 13.2. Data selection -- 13.3. The state of the art -- 13.3.1. Ginkgo biloba -- 13.3.2. Vitis vinifera -- 13.3.3. Camelia sinensis -- 13.3.4. Theobroma cacao -- 13.3.5. Bacopa monnieri -- 13.3.6. Crocus sativus -- 13.3.7. Curcuma longa -- 13.4. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 14: Ways to become old: Role of lifestyle in modulation of the hallmarks of aging -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Primary hallmarks and lifestyle -- 14.2.1. Genomic instability -- 14.2.2. Telomere attrition -- 14.2.3. Epigenetic alterations -- 14.2.4. Loss of proteostasis -- 14.3. Antagonistic hallmarks and lifestyle -- 14.3.1. Deregulated nutrient sensing -- 14.3.2. Mitochondrial dysfunction -- 14.3.3. Cellular senescence -- 14.4. Integrative hallmarks and lifestyle -- 14.4.1. Stem cell exhaustion -- 14.4.2. Altered intercellular communication -- 14.5. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 15: Nutritional biomarkers in aging research -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Minerals (zinc and selenium) -- 15.2.1. Zinc -- 15.2.2. Selenium -- 15.3. Vitamins -- 15.3.1. Antioxidant vitamins -- 15.3.2. Vitamin D.
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15.4. Polyunsaturated fatty acids -- 15.4.1. The n-3 index -- 15.4.2. The AA/EPA ratio -- 15.5. Carotenoids -- 15.5.1. Lycopene, α- and β-carotene -- 15.5.2. Lutein and zeaxanthin -- 15.6. Polyphenols -- 15.6.1. Flavonoids -- 15.6.2. Biochemical assessment of polyphenols intake -- 15.7. Molecular biomarkers of aging and nutrition -- 15.7.1. DNA and chromosomes -- 15.7.2. RNA and transcriptome -- 15.7.3. Metabolism -- 15.7.4. Mitochondria -- 15.7.5. Cell senescence -- 15.8. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 16: The role of cytomegalovirus in organismal and immune aging -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Host immune response to CMV -- 16.3. CMV, longevity, and chronic diseases -- 16.4. CMV and immune aging -- 16.5. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 17: Ethics of aging -- 17.1. Population aging: The challenges -- 17.2. Moral and social attitudes to old age -- 17.2.1. The cultural background -- 17.2.2. Ageism -- 17.2.3. Vulnerability -- 17.3. Ethics of aging -- 17.3.1. A new subfield of bioethics -- 17.3.2. Age and aging -- 17.3.3. Field of investigation -- 17.4. Fair allocation of medical resources -- 17.4.1. Different approaches to the allocation of medical resources -- 17.4.2. Strategies to reduce rising healthcare costs for older people -- 17.4.3. Conditions of dramatically scarce medical resources -- 17.5. Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter 18: Conclusions. Slowing aging and fighting age-related diseases, from bench to bedside? -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Aging and gender medicine -- 18.3. The role of immune-inflammatory responses in aging and age-related diseases, and therapeutic interventions -- 18.4. Slowing aging and fighting age-related diseases -- 18.5. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Index.
Language:
English
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