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  • 1
    UID:
    gbv_797098690
    Format: Online-Ressource (23 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada 1947
    Content: This paper shows how the population has a higher propensity to spend on private transport over public transport as income increases. This analysis is done from calculations of income elasticity of spending on public and on private transport of Brazilian families based on data from the Household Budget Survey of IBGE. Higher income elasticities in spending on private transport indicate more difficulties in the management of traffic and transport for major urban centers in periods of income expansion. Brazil has been experiencing this fact in recent years. The results also show that spending on public transportation has negative elasticity after certain income levels. This fact indicate that there is a lack of attractiveness of these services for the richest families. Aiming at the improvement of mobility and reduction of externalities, the paper discusses some policies that should be adopted to make public transport more attractive compared to private transport and improve the balance of the modal matrix of urban trips.
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: Portuguese
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_81943809X
    Format: 27 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada 1595a
    Content: The public policies on mass transit and other economic policies have been unable to avoid increasing mass transit costs and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households income and analyzes their effects on the demand of paying commuters in 9 large Brazilian cities between 1995 and 2008. The study shows that a gap between the rise of urban bus fares and the population's income led to a decrease of more than 30% of the paying demand between 1995 and 2003. According to the price elasticity estimated in this study, demand for bus services has exhibited elastic behavior since 2001. Since then, the gradual increase observed in population income seems to buffer against persistent fare increases. The recovery of average household per capita income since then seems to support a reversal of downward trends in the number of paying passengers and increase access to public bus services. The number of paying passengers increased about 9.5% between 2003 and 2008.The evolution of the sector's main costs complement the study, permitting an analysis of the many factors that have caused the continuous increases of bus fares in metropolitan Brazil during this period. The study concludes highlighting some public policies that could provide a better economic environment for the provision of efficient and affordable transit services
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_820574074
    Format: 23 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada 1947
    Content: This paper shows how the population has a higher propensity to spend on private transport over public transport as income increases. This analysis is done from calculations of income elasticity of spending on public and on private transport of Brazilian families based on data from the Household Budget Survey of IBGE. Higher income elasticities in spending on private transport indicate more difficulties in the management of traffic and transport for major urban centers in periods of income expansion. Brazil has been experiencing this fact in recent years. The results also show that spending on public transportation has negative elasticity after certain income levels. This fact indicate that there is a lack of attractiveness of these services for the richest families. Aiming at the improvement of mobility and reduction of externalities, the paper discusses some policies that should be adopted to make public transport more attractive compared to private transport and improve the balance of the modal matrix of urban trips.
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    Language: Portuguese
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_819437298
    Format: 30 S. , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada 1595
    Content: The public policies on mass transit and other economic policies have been unable to avoid increasing mass transit costs and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households income and analyzes their effects on the demand of paying commuters in 9 large Brazilian cities between 1995 and 2008. The study shows that a gap between the rise of urban bus fares and the population's income led to a decrease of more than 30% of the paying demand between 1995 and 2003. According to the price elasticity estimated in this study, demand for bus services has exhibited elastic behavior since 2001. Since then, the gradual increase observed in population income seems to buffer against persistent fare increases. The recovery of average household per capita income since then seems to support a reversal of downward trends in the number of paying passengers and increase access to public bus services. The number of paying passengers increased about 9.5% between 2003 and 2008.The evolution of the sector's main costs complement the study, permitting an analysis of the many factors that have caused the continuous increases of bus fares in metropolitan Brazil during this period. The study concludes highlighting some public policies that could provide a better economic environment for the provision of efficient and affordable transit services
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache
    Language: Portuguese
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_879746904
    Series Statement: Textos para Discussão - CEPAL/IPEA 34
    Content: As necessidades sociais e econômicas das pessoas requerem seu deslocamento no espa ço, que pode ser feito a pé ou por meio de veículos de transporte motorizados ou não motorizados. Em economias em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, as pessoas que moram nas cidades realizam, em média, dois deslocamento por dia (média entre as que se deslocam e as que não se deslocam), valor correspondente à metade dos deslocamentos de pessoas em países desenvolvidos. Assim, em cidades grandes do Brasil com popula ção de 3 milhões de pessoas são realizados por dia 6 milhões de deslocamentos. Esses deslocamentos são feitos com maior ou menor nível de conforto conforme as condi ções específicas em que se realizam e implicam consumos de tempo, espa ço, energia e recursos financeiros e gera ção de externalidades negativas, como a polui ção do ar, os acidentes de trânsito e os congestionamentos. Em razão do intenso crescimento urbano no Brasil, a partir da década de 1960, muitas cidades – e regiões metropolitanas – passaram a apresentar sistemas de mobilidade de baixa qualidade e de alto custo, com impactos negativos na vida das pessoas e nos custos econômicos e ambientais para a sociedade. Assim, o estudo das condi ções efetivas de mobilidade (por extrato social), dos consumos e das externalidades a elas associadas, é fundamental para avaliar a qualidade da vida urbana no país e para identificar a ções de políticas públicas que possam reduzir os problemas e melhorar a qualidade geral de vida e a eficiência da movimenta ção de pessoas e mercadorias.
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Portuguese
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_742079945
    Format: Online-Ressource (37 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Texto para discussão / Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada 1803
    Content: This text analyzes Brazilian families spending with public and private urban transport based on family budget surveys conducted by IBGE in 2003 and 2009. It was observed that on average Brazilian families spend about 15% of their income on urban transportation. Private transport expenses are about five times greater than spending on public transport, with a growing trend of this difference. The stimulus policies to individual transport coupled with income growth are leading families of all income levels to raise their expenditure on individual transport, intensifying its use in everyday life with a strong impact on the conditions of (general) population mobility. As income increases, the greater the propensity to spend even more on private vehicles. Thus, especially in periods of strong growth in income, we suggest policies for the rational use of individual transport, such as more realistically charging the use of urban space, and also improving the quality of public transport systems, making it more attractive to the general population. -- transit ; private transportation ; public transportation ; urban transportation spending
    Note: Zsfassung in engl. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: Portuguese
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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