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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The post-COVID-19 rise in labour shortages (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048539743
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1721
    Content: The labour market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has been strong among advanced countries, partly reflecting massive and unprecedented policy support to workers and firms. This paper provides evidence and stylised facts about labour market tightening and labour shortages since the onset of the pandemic. Labour shortages have been widespread across countries, yet particularly in Australia, Canada and the United States; and across industries, yet particularly in contact-intensive ones like accommodation and food, but also manufacturing. This picture is to a good extent driven by cyclical factors: in tight labour markets, workers are more likely to switch for better job opportunities. But this paper argues, based on illustrative evidence, that other factors beyond the economic cycle may also play a role: the post-COVID-19 increase in labour shortages may partly reflect structural changes, in particular changes in preferences, as some workers may no longer accept low-pay and poor or strenuous working conditions
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/e60c2d1c-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Getting on the job ladder: The policy drivers of hiring transitions (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048368166
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (88 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1710
    Content: This paper delivers new evidence for European countries on the role of a wide range of policies for workers' mobility in terms of hiring transitions into jobs, with an emphasis on differences across socio-economic groups. Labour market transitions are relevant in the current context where the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 crisis is characterised by labour shortages and at the same time still low employment in a number of countries. The analysis focuses on the probability to transition from unemployment and selected forms of inactivity (e.g. fulfilling domestic tasks, studying) to jobs and from one job to another. Results of this work show the strong association between hiring flows and the business cycle with specific patterns during recoveries, recessions and expansions. The analysis further reveals that a broad range of policies influence hiring transitions, such as labour market policies, taxes and social support programmes but also product market regulations and regulations affecting certain professions. Country-specific priorities will vary depending on context, challenges and social preferences. Yet common policy objectives at the current recovery context are likely to improve the job prospects of the non-employed, especially youth, low-skilled and women, to help the recovery, foster reallocation and to address labour shortages
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/0304c673-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Ladder of Competitiveness : How to Climb it (2006)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9948178087602882
    Format: 137 p. ; , 16 x 23cm.
    ISBN: 9789264028272
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies,
    Content: Tables of national competitiveness give an easily comparable ranking of the winners and losers of global economic competition. But they don't explain why the “poor” countries are four times less productive than the “rich” ones or why some rich countries are twice as productive as others.  Using empirical data from over 50 countries, this book shows how even small differences in a number of factors combine to boost or block productivity. Governments need such information to set priorities. Investors need it too, and two new rankings are proposed as alternatives to a simple comparison of industrial productivity. The first, called the “investor ranking”, is based on infrastructure, human capital and total factor productivity. The second, “exporter ranking”, is for investors whose prime concern is for a production platform well-integrated into world trade. Combining the new rankings with a more traditional one produces three groups of countries, termed balanced, high potential, and vulnerable. Group membership reserves some surprises: you may be rich, but that doesn’t mean you’re not vulnerable.
    Additional Edition: L'échelle de la compétitivité : Comment la gravir
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    QC 340
    RVK:
    QM 200
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264028272-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
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    L'échelle de la compétitivité : Comment la gravir (2006)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9948177837002882
    Format: 157 p. ; , 16 x 23cm.
    ISBN: 9789264028296
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement,
    Content: Les palmarès de la compétitivité nationale permettent de définir un classement, avec des possibilités de comparaisons immédiates, des gagnants et des perdants de la compétition économique mondiale.Cependant, ils laissent un certain nombre de questions sans réponse. S’appuyant sur des données empiriques émanant de plus de 50 pays, cet ouvrage montre que même de petites différences concernant un certain nombre de facteurs peuvent concourir à stimuler ou au contraire bloquer la productivité. Les pouvoirs publics ont besoin de telles informations pour fixer des priorités. Les investisseurs en ont aussi besoin, et deux nouveaux classements sont proposés à titre d’alternatives à une simple comparaison de la productivité industrielle. Le premier, intitulé le « classement investisseur », repose sur les infrastructures, le capital humain et la productivité totale des facteurs. Le second, le « classement exportateur », est destiné aux investisseurs dont la préoccupation première est de trouver une plate-forme de production bien intégrée dans le commerce mondial. Si l’on associe ces nouveaux classements à un troisième, plus traditionnel, on obtient trois groupes de pays qualifiés d’équilibrés, à fort potentiel et vulnérables. La composition des groupes réserve cependant quelques surprises : en effet, on peut être riche, mais cela ne signifie pas pour autant qu’on n’est pas vulnérable.  
    Additional Edition: The Ladder of Competitiveness: How to Climb it
    Language: French
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264028296-fr
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  • 5
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    Can pro-growth policies lift all boats? : An analysis based on household disposable income (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1771980974
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Content: In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. To shed some lights on the potential sources of trade-offs between growth and equity, this paper investigates the long-run impact of structural reforms on GDP per capita and household income distribution. Pro-growth reforms can be distinguished according to whether they are found to generate an increase or a reduction in household disposable income inequality. Those that contribute to reduce inequality include the reduction in regulatory barriers to competition, trade and FDI, as well as the stepping-up in job search assistance and training programmes. Conversely, a tightening of unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed is found to lift mean household income but to lower income among poorer households, thus raising inequality. Several other reforms have no significant impact on income distribution. JEL Classification: 047, D37, E61 Keywords: Growth, inequality, pro-growth policies
    In: OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 227-268
    In: volume:2015
    In: year:2015
    In: number:1
    In: pages:227-268
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2015-5jrqhbb1t5jb
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  • 6
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    Migration and labour market outcomes in OECD countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Details
    UID:
    gbv_729994805
    Format: 34 p
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Content: Immigration pressures are increasing in most OECD countries. This article investigates the consequences of immigration for natives’ labour market outcomes, as well as issues linked to immigrants’ integration in the host country labour market. Changes in the share of immigrants in the labour force may have a distributive impact on natives’ wages, and a temporary impact on unemployment. However, labour market integration of immigrants (as well as integration of second-generation immigrants both in terms of educational attainments and of labour market outcomes) remains the main challenge facing host economies. In both cases, product and labour market policies have a significant role to play in easing the economy’s adjustment to immigration.
    In: OECD, OECD journal: economic studies, Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008, Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-34, 1995-2856
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5kmhf827kws6
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
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    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Details
    UID:
    gbv_729976297
    Format: 50 p
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Content: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socio-economic backgrounds as a measure of (in)equality of opportunity in OECD countries and provides insights on the potential role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15-year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality – in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines – while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Despite the difficulty of properly identifying causal relationship, cross-country regression analysis provides insights on the potential for policies to explain observed differences in equity in education.
    In: OECD, OECD journal: economic studies, Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008, Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-50, 1995-2856
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5km61lb7b39x
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  • 8
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    Intergenerational Social Mobility in OECD Countries (2010)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Details
    UID:
    gbv_73000421X
    Format: 44 p
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Content: This paper assesses recent patterns of intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries and examines the role that public policies can play. It shows that the relationship between parental or socio-economic background and offspring educational and wage outcomes is positive and significant in practically all countries for which evidence is available. Intergenerational social mobility is measured by several different indicators, since no single indicator provides a complete picture. However, one pattern that emerges is of a group of countries, southern European countries and Luxembourg, which appears to rank as relatively immobile on most indicators, while another group, the Nordic countries, is found to be more mobile. Furthermore, public policies such as education and early childcare play a role in explaining observed differences in intergenerational social mobility across countries.
    In: OECD, OECD journal: economic studies, Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008, Vol. 2010, no. 1, p. 1-44, 1995-2856
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-2010-5km33scz5rjj
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
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    The policy determinants of hours worked across OECD countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Details
    UID:
    gbv_730039889
    Format: 39 p
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Content: This article investigates the policy determinants of hours worked among employed individuals in OECD countries, focussing on the impact of taxation, working-time regulations, and other labour and product market policies. It explores the factors underlying cross-country differences in hours worked — in line with previous aggregate approaches — while at the same time it looks more closely at labour force heterogeneity — in the vein of microeconomic labour supply models. The paper shows that policies and institutions have a different impact on working hours of men and women. Firstly, while high marginal taxes create a disincentive to work longer hours for women, their impact on hours worked by men is almost insignificant. Secondly, working-time regulations have a significant impact on hours worked by men, and this impact differs across education categories. Thirdly, other labour and product market policies, in particular stringent employment protection of workers on regular contracts and competition-restraining product market policies, have a negative impact on hours worked by men, over and beyond their impact on employment levels.
    In: OECD, OECD journal: economic studies, Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008, Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-39, 1995-2856
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art1-en
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  • 10
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    Nordic Economic Policy Review 2018 : Increasing Income Inequality in the Nordics (2018)
    Copenhagen K :Nordic Council of Ministers,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9948191546402882
    Format: 212 p.
    ISBN: 9789289355131 , 9789289355124
    Series Statement: TemaNord,
    Content: The contributions document how income inequality in the Nordics in various dimensions have increased over recent decades. These developments are put in an international context. Developments in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are compared. Important aspects analysed in detail are overall inequality of both market and disposable incomes, the redistribution through the tax and transfer system as well as through the provision of government welfare services, the importance of demographic factors, the developments of both relative poverty and top income shares, and gender inequality.
    Note: Gendered Trends in Income Inequality -- Income Inequality in the Nordics from an OECD Perspective -- Introduction -- Accounting for Public In-Kind Transfers in Comparisons of Income Inequality between the Nordic Countries -- Top Incomes in Scandinavia – Recent Developments and the Role of Capital Income -- Demographic Change and Inequality Trends in the Nordic Countries.
    Language: English
    URL: https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-519
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