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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269053
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: Gender disparities in Turkey remain considerable despite Turkish government's recent public policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is identified as a key area in the 2012-2015 country partnership strategy of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Turkey. One of the projects initiated to move WBG's gender agenda in Turkey further is the technical assistance project on promoting gender equity in labor markets and entrepreneurship. Using novel datasets, this study aims to contribute to the project through providing a better understanding of different dimensions of the gender gap in employment and particularly earnings. Key findings of this paper are as follows: (i) the gap between men and women in participation emerges with the early exit of women, particularly those low educated, after marriage; (ii) partly due to exit of low educated women after marriage, female employees, on average, have less work experience than male employees; (iii) compared to men, women work in higher paying sectors, sub-sectors, and firms within sub-sectors. Yet, women earn less than the men working in the same firm; (iv) female employees are more concentrated in larger firms especially in the East and the North regions of the country; and (v) once all observable characteristics are taken into account, it is hard to argue that earnings discrimination against women in the formal labor market of Turkey is large. Section one gives introduction. Section two and three are dedicated to the investigation of gender gap in labor market participation. Section four and five analyze the gender gap in earnings. Section six presents conclusion and policy implications
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/25365
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance of Female Employers in Turkey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048268997
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Content: Section five discusses results and concludes
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/25411
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    EUV Frankfurt
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Women-Led Enterprises in Turkey (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269001
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Women in Development and Gender Study
    Content: The purpose of the gender module was to get a better understanding of the profiles and performance of enterprises led by women as well as the profiles of what we define as womencompany leaders. The outline of this study is as follows: The second section compares profiles ofentrepreneurs led by men versus those led by women. So, the basic characteristics ofenterprises are compared by gender of the leader. The third section compares theprofiles of the company leaders themselves. The forth section analyzes performances ofenterprises by gender of the leader and finally the fifth section analyses the perceptionof business environment constraints by gender of the business leader
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/25409
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exporter Dynamics Database (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265664
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Content: This paper introduces the Exporter Dynamics Database. The database includes exporter characteristics and measures of exporter growth based on firm-level customs information from 38 developing and seven developed countries, primarily for the period between 2003 and 2010. The measures are available at different levels of aggregation, including: a) country-year, b) country-year-product, and c) country-year-destination. Several new stylized facts about exporter behavior across countries emerge from the database. (i) Larger or more developed economies have more exporters, larger and more diversified exporters, and lower entry and exit rates than smaller or developing economies. (ii) In the short run, expansions along the intensive margin (exporter size) contribute more to export growth than expansions along the extensive margin (number of exporters). (iii) Exit rates are highly correlated with entry rates and both are negatively correlated with survival rates, average exporter size, and diversification. (iv) The number of exporters and the entry and exit rates in a country-product group are partially driven by country and product-group effects; however, the average size of exporters in a country-product group is not. Although the first three facts can be explained by models incorporating firm heterogeneity and uncertainty, the fourth fact is more difficult to explain with existing models. Several findings are confirmed in this database, including the importance of large multi-product firms. This database can be a valuable tool to improve the understanding of the micro-foundations of export growth, by providing new insights about exporter characteristics and dynamics
    Additional Edition: Cebeci, Tolga Exporter Dynamics Database
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6229
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266166
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Content: This paper evaluates the role of export destinations on productivity, employment, and wages of Turkish firms by comparing the performance of firms that export to low-income destinations and high-income destinations with firms that do not export. A combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences methods are employed on a rich set of firm observables, including sector, region, employment, total factor productivity (TFP), capital intensity, wages, support from government, ownership, and the research and development intensity of firms. Four sets of findings emerge from the analysis: i) Export entry has a positive causal effect on firm TFP and employment and this effect is strengthened as a firm continues to export. ii) In contrast, export entry has a moderate wage effect that emerges only with a lag. iii) Unlike exporting to high-income destinations, exporting to low-income destinations does not result in significantly higher firm TFP and wages. iv) The employment effect of exporting to low-income destinations is comparable to that of exporting to high-income destinations
    Additional Edition: Cebeci, Tolga Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6743
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro Dynamics of Turkey's Export Boom in the 2000s (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265887
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Content: This paper examines the microeconomics behind the dramatic export boom experienced by Turkey during the 2000s. Using disaggregated customs data covering the universe of export transactions for Turkey during the period 2002-2011, it characterizes firm-level dynamics in the export sector and decomposes export growth at the aggregate, sector, and destination market levels to identify the role of firm turnover, destination turnover, and product turnover. The paper shows that in the short-run, aggregate export growth is dominated by growth in continuous exporters, and for these, growth is dominated by exports to their continued destinations and of their continued products. However, the observed high degree of churning across firms, destinations, and products accounts in the long run for a substantial part of Turkey's export growth. The patterns of micro-dynamics of export growth are verified across sectors and across groups of destination markets with some exceptions regarding exports to new emerging markets where net entry by Turkish-based exporters plays a more critical role for long-run growth
    Additional Edition: Cebeci, Tolga Micro Dynamics of Turkey's Export Boom in the 2000s
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6452
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro Dynamics of Turkey's Export Boom in the 2000s / (2013)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958246400702883
    Format: 1 online resource (40 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper examines the microeconomics behind the dramatic export boom experienced by Turkey during the 2000s. Using disaggregated customs data covering the universe of export transactions for Turkey during the period 2002-2011, it characterizes firm-level dynamics in the export sector and decomposes export growth at the aggregate, sector, and destination market levels to identify the role of firm turnover, destination turnover, and product turnover. The paper shows that in the short-run, aggregate export growth is dominated by growth in continuous exporters, and for these, growth is dominated by exports to their continued destinations and of their continued products. However, the observed high degree of churning across firms, destinations, and products accounts in the long run for a substantial part of Turkey's export growth. The patterns of micro-dynamics of export growth are verified across sectors and across groups of destination markets with some exceptions regarding exports to new emerging markets where net entry by Turkish-based exporters plays a more critical role for long-run growth.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6452
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    Charité
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Micro Dynamics of Turkey's Export Boom in the 2000s / (2013)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958246400702883
    Format: 1 online resource (40 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper examines the microeconomics behind the dramatic export boom experienced by Turkey during the 2000s. Using disaggregated customs data covering the universe of export transactions for Turkey during the period 2002-2011, it characterizes firm-level dynamics in the export sector and decomposes export growth at the aggregate, sector, and destination market levels to identify the role of firm turnover, destination turnover, and product turnover. The paper shows that in the short-run, aggregate export growth is dominated by growth in continuous exporters, and for these, growth is dominated by exports to their continued destinations and of their continued products. However, the observed high degree of churning across firms, destinations, and products accounts in the long run for a substantial part of Turkey's export growth. The patterns of micro-dynamics of export growth are verified across sectors and across groups of destination markets with some exceptions regarding exports to new emerging markets where net entry by Turkish-based exporters plays a more critical role for long-run growth.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6452
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
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    FU Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exporter Dynamics Database / (2012)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958246422202883
    Format: 1 online resource (55 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper introduces the Exporter Dynamics Database. The database includes exporter characteristics and measures of exporter growth based on firm-level customs information from 38 developing and seven developed countries, primarily for the period between 2003 and 2010. The measures are available at different levels of aggregation, including: a) country-year, b) country-year-product, and c) country-year-destination. Several new stylized facts about exporter behavior across countries emerge from the database. (i) Larger or more developed economies have more exporters, larger and more diversified exporters, and lower entry and exit rates than smaller or developing economies. (ii) In the short run, expansions along the intensive margin (exporter size) contribute more to export growth than expansions along the extensive margin (number of exporters). (iii) Exit rates are highly correlated with entry rates and both are negatively correlated with survival rates, average exporter size, and diversification. (iv) The number of exporters and the entry and exit rates in a country-product group are partially driven by country and product-group effects; however, the average size of exporters in a country-product group is not. Although the first three facts can be explained by models incorporating firm heterogeneity and uncertainty, the fourth fact is more difficult to explain with existing models. Several findings are confirmed in this database, including the importance of large multi-product firms. This database can be a valuable tool to improve the understanding of the micro-foundations of export growth, by providing new insights about exporter characteristics and dynamics.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6229
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exporter Dynamics Database / (2012)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958246422202883
    Format: 1 online resource (55 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper introduces the Exporter Dynamics Database. The database includes exporter characteristics and measures of exporter growth based on firm-level customs information from 38 developing and seven developed countries, primarily for the period between 2003 and 2010. The measures are available at different levels of aggregation, including: a) country-year, b) country-year-product, and c) country-year-destination. Several new stylized facts about exporter behavior across countries emerge from the database. (i) Larger or more developed economies have more exporters, larger and more diversified exporters, and lower entry and exit rates than smaller or developing economies. (ii) In the short run, expansions along the intensive margin (exporter size) contribute more to export growth than expansions along the extensive margin (number of exporters). (iii) Exit rates are highly correlated with entry rates and both are negatively correlated with survival rates, average exporter size, and diversification. (iv) The number of exporters and the entry and exit rates in a country-product group are partially driven by country and product-group effects; however, the average size of exporters in a country-product group is not. Although the first three facts can be explained by models incorporating firm heterogeneity and uncertainty, the fourth fact is more difficult to explain with existing models. Several findings are confirmed in this database, including the importance of large multi-product firms. This database can be a valuable tool to improve the understanding of the micro-foundations of export growth, by providing new insights about exporter characteristics and dynamics.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6229
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
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