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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth and Structural Reforms : A New Assessment (2009)
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_845888722
    Format: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451874294 , 9781451874297
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 09/284
    Content: This paper presents a simultaneous assessment of the relationship between economic performance and three groups of economic reforms: domestic finance, trade, and the capital account. Among these, domestic financial reforms, and trade reforms, are robustly associated with economic growth, but only in middle-income countries. In contrast, we do not find any systematic positive relationship between capital account liberalization and economic growth. Moreover, the effect of domestic financial reforms on economic growth in middle-income countries is explained by improvements in measured aggregate TFP growth, not by higher aggregate investment. We present evidence that variation in the quality of property rights helps explain the heterogeneity of the effectiveness of financial and trade reforms in developing countries. The evidence suggests that sufficiently developed property rights are a precondition for reaping the benefits of economic reform. Our results are robust to endogeneity bias and a number of alternative specifications
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Christiansen, Lone Engbo Growth and Structural Reforms: A New Assessment Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2009 ISBN 9781451874297
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.5089/9781451874297.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    External Balance in Low Income Countries (2009)
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_84589076X
    Format: Online-Ressource (52 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451873689 , 9781451873689
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 09/221
    Content: This paper offers a coherent empirical analysis of the determinants of the real exchange rate, the current account, and the net foreign assets position in low income countries. The paper focuses on indicators specific to low income countries, such as the quality of policies and institutions, the special access to official external financing, and the role of shocks. In addition to more standard factors, we find that domestic financial liberalization is associated with higher current account balances and net foreign asset positions, while capital account liberalization is associated with lower current account balances and net foreign asset positions and with more appreciated real exchange rates. Negative exogenous shocks tend to raise (reduce) the current account in countries with closed (opened) capital accounts. Finally, foreign aid is progressively absorbed over time through net imports, and is associated with a more depreciated real exchange rate in the long-run
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Christiansen, Lone Engbo External Balance in Low Income Countries Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2009 ISBN 9781451873689
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.5089/9781451873689.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Technology Shocks Lead to Productivity Slowdowns? : Evidence From Patent Data (2008)
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_845881000
    Format: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451868863 , 9781451868869
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 08/24
    Content: This paper provides empirical evidence on the response of labor productivity to the arrival of new inventions. The benchmark measure of technological progress is given by data on patent applications in the U.S. over the period 1889-2002. The analysis shows that labor productivity may temporarily fall below trend after technological progress. However, the effects on productivity differ between the pre- and post-World War II periods. The pre-war period shows evidence of a productivity slowdown as a result of the arrival of new technology, whereas the post-World War II period does not. Positive effects of technology shocks tend to show up sooner in the productivity data in the later period
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Christiansen, Lone Engbo Do Technology Shocks Lead to Productivity Slowdowns? Evidence from Patent Data Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2008 ISBN 9781451868869
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.5089/9781451868869.001
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Sikkerhed, sundhed og stress : rapport nr. 1 fra undersøgelsen: Sikkerhed og Tilskadekomst i træbearbejdende virksomheder inden for møbel-, inventar- og bygningsindustrien = Safety, health and stress (1979)
    København : Teknisk Forl. i. komm.
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_503056537
    Format: 267 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 8774871625
    Series Statement: Sikkerhed og tilskadekomst i træbearbejdende virksomheder inden for møbel-inventar- og bygningsindustrien - Safety and accidents in wood-working firms in furniture, equipment and building industries 1
    Note: Bibliogr. S. 254-257
    Language: Danish
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe (2016)
    Washington D.C. : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9959301381502883
    Format: 1 online resource (48 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4983-6745-3 , 1-4983-6770-4
    Content: This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries' growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries' economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-7636-6
    Language: English
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    Charité
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe (2016)
    Washington D.C. : International Monetary Fund
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9959301381502883
    Format: 1 online resource (48 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4983-6745-3 , 1-4983-6770-4
    Content: This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries' growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries' economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-7636-6
    Language: English
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    FU Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Technology Shocks Lead to Productivity Slowdowns? Evidence from Patent Data / (2008)
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958077071802883
    Format: 1 online resource (56 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-1141-5 , 1-4527-2992-1 , 1-282-44683-5 , 1-4519-1339-7 , 9786613820884
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers
    Content: This paper provides empirical evidence on the response of labor productivity to the arrival of new inventions. The benchmark measure of technological progress is given by data on patent applications in the U.S. over the period 1889-2002. The analysis shows that labor productivity may temporarily fall below trend after technological progress. However, the effects on productivity differ between the pre- and post-World War II periods. The pre-war period shows evidence of a productivity slowdown as a result of the arrival of new technology, whereas the post-World War II period does not. Positive effects of technology shocks tend to show up sooner in the productivity data in the later period.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; I. Introduction; II. Existing Literature; III. Data; IV. Methodology; V. Empirical Evidence; A. Benchmark Specification; B. Robustness of the Results; VI. Pre- and Post-WWII; A. VAR Estimation on Two Sample Periods; B. Post-WWII VECM; C. Variance Decomposition; VII. Theoretical Implications of the Results; VIII. Conclusion; Tables; 1. Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Tests; 2. Granger Causality Tests; 3. Great Inventions; 4. Exclusion Tests in a Restricted Model; 5. Coefficient Estimates of the Restricted Model; 6. Parameter Estimates for the Restricted Model , 7. Cointegration in Post-WWII Data8. Variance Decomposition; Figures; 1. The Flow of Technologies; 2. Patents and Productivity; 3. Total Patent Applications and Patents Granted; 4. Diffusion of Aggregate Electric Power in Manufacturing; 5. Spread of Products into American Households; 6. Responses of Patents and Productivity to a Patent Shock, 1889-2002.; 7. Responses to a Patent Shock; 8. Stock Prices, 1889-2002; 9. The Stock of Patents; 10. Shock to the Stock of Patents, 1889-2002; 11. Responses to a Patent Shock in a Restricted Model, 1889-2002 , 12. Response of Productivity to an R&D and a Patent Shock, 1935-199713. Two Sample Periods; 14. Responses from a Post-WWII VECM, 1948-2002; 15. Responses from a Post-WWII VAR, 1948-2002; Appendix; References , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4518-6886-3
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    External Performance in Low-Income Countries / (2011)
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958124386602883
    Format: 1 online resource (72 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-3743-0 , 1-4623-9091-9
    Series Statement: Occasional Papers
    Content: Assessments of exchange rate misalignments and external imbalances for low-income countries are challenging because methodologies developed for advanced and emerging economies cannot be automatically applied to poorer nations. This paper uses a large database, unique in the set of indicators and number of countries it covers, to estimate the relationship in low-income countries between a set of fundamentals in the medium to long term and the real effective exchange rate, the current account, and the net external assets position.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Contents; Preface; 1. Overview; 2. Literature on the Main Determinants of External Balance; Macroeconomic Policies, Predetermined Characteristics, and Economic Development; Policy Distortions and Institutions; Shocks; External Financing through Official Aid; 3. Empirical Analysis of the Current Account; Benchmark Current Account Regressions for Low-Income Countries; Tables; 3.1. Medium-Term Determinants of the Current Account: Main Results; 3.2. Real Deposit Interest Rates in Selected Asian Developing Countries and the United States; Robustness , 3.3. Medium-Term Determinants of the Current Account: RobustnessAre Low-Income Countries Different?; 3.4. Current Account Regressions with Different Slopes for Low- and High-Income Countries; 3.5. F-Tests of Equality (p-values) of Coefficients across Income Groups for Regressions Reported in Table 3.4; 4. Empirical Analysis of the Real Exchange Rate; Benchmark Real Effective Exchange Rate Regressions for Low-Income Countries; 4.1. Panel Unit Root Test Statistic; Are Low-Income Countries Different?; 4.2. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions , Robustness4.3. Real Effective Exchange Rate (Penn World Table) Regressions; Speed of Adjustment; 4.4. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions with Different Slopes for Low-Income and High-Income/Emerging Market Countries; 4.5. F-Tests of Equality (p-values) of Coefficients of Regressions in Table 4.4; 4.6. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions, Robustness; 4.7. Real Effective Exchange Rate (Penn World Table) Regressions, Robustness; 5. Empirical Analysis of the Net Foreign Assets Position , Benchmark Net Foreign Asset Regressions for Low-Income Countries5.1. Net Foreign Assets Regressions; Robustness; Are Low-Income Countries Different?; Speed of Adjustment; 5.2. Net Foreign Assets Regressions: Comparing Low-Income with High-Income/Emerging Market Countries; 6. Import and Export Elasticities; The Model; Calculation of Elasticities; 6.1. Import Demand Elasticities; 6.2. Export Supply Elasticities; 7. Trade Elasticities and the Exchange Rate; The General Formula for Trade Balance Elasticities; Special Cases; 7.1. Summary of How Changes in the Exchange Rate Affect the Trade Balance , 7.2. Trade Balance ElasticitiesAppendix: The Database; A1. Low-Income Country Sample; A2. Regression Variable Statistics; References
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-61635-053-9
    Language: English
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    Online Resource
    FU Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    External Performance in Low-Income Countries / (2011)
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958124386602883
    Format: 1 online resource (72 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-3743-0 , 1-4623-9091-9
    Series Statement: Occasional Papers
    Content: Assessments of exchange rate misalignments and external imbalances for low-income countries are challenging because methodologies developed for advanced and emerging economies cannot be automatically applied to poorer nations. This paper uses a large database, unique in the set of indicators and number of countries it covers, to estimate the relationship in low-income countries between a set of fundamentals in the medium to long term and the real effective exchange rate, the current account, and the net external assets position.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Contents; Preface; 1. Overview; 2. Literature on the Main Determinants of External Balance; Macroeconomic Policies, Predetermined Characteristics, and Economic Development; Policy Distortions and Institutions; Shocks; External Financing through Official Aid; 3. Empirical Analysis of the Current Account; Benchmark Current Account Regressions for Low-Income Countries; Tables; 3.1. Medium-Term Determinants of the Current Account: Main Results; 3.2. Real Deposit Interest Rates in Selected Asian Developing Countries and the United States; Robustness , 3.3. Medium-Term Determinants of the Current Account: RobustnessAre Low-Income Countries Different?; 3.4. Current Account Regressions with Different Slopes for Low- and High-Income Countries; 3.5. F-Tests of Equality (p-values) of Coefficients across Income Groups for Regressions Reported in Table 3.4; 4. Empirical Analysis of the Real Exchange Rate; Benchmark Real Effective Exchange Rate Regressions for Low-Income Countries; 4.1. Panel Unit Root Test Statistic; Are Low-Income Countries Different?; 4.2. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions , Robustness4.3. Real Effective Exchange Rate (Penn World Table) Regressions; Speed of Adjustment; 4.4. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions with Different Slopes for Low-Income and High-Income/Emerging Market Countries; 4.5. F-Tests of Equality (p-values) of Coefficients of Regressions in Table 4.4; 4.6. Real Effective Exchange Rate (IMF Information Notice System Definition) Regressions, Robustness; 4.7. Real Effective Exchange Rate (Penn World Table) Regressions, Robustness; 5. Empirical Analysis of the Net Foreign Assets Position , Benchmark Net Foreign Asset Regressions for Low-Income Countries5.1. Net Foreign Assets Regressions; Robustness; Are Low-Income Countries Different?; Speed of Adjustment; 5.2. Net Foreign Assets Regressions: Comparing Low-Income with High-Income/Emerging Market Countries; 6. Import and Export Elasticities; The Model; Calculation of Elasticities; 6.1. Import Demand Elasticities; 6.2. Export Supply Elasticities; 7. Trade Elasticities and the Exchange Rate; The General Formula for Trade Balance Elasticities; Special Cases; 7.1. Summary of How Changes in the Exchange Rate Affect the Trade Balance , 7.2. Trade Balance ElasticitiesAppendix: The Database; A1. Low-Income Country Sample; A2. Regression Variable Statistics; References
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-61635-053-9
    Language: English
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    Charité
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unlocking Female Employment Potential in Europe : Drivers and Benefits (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958074530302883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    ISBN: 1-5135-1818-6 , 1-5135-1869-0 , 1-5135-1888-7
    Series Statement: Departmental Papers
    Content: With an aging population and declining productivity growth, Europe faces serious challenges to raising its output growth. Adding to these challenges are the various gender gaps in the labor market. Despite significant progress in recent decades, there are still fewer women than men participating in Europe’s labor market, and women are more likely to work part time. Furthermore, a smaller share of women reaches the top rungs of the corporate ladder. Could greater gender equality in the labor market help mitigate the slowdown in Europe’s growth potential? Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the drivers of female labor force participation in Europe as well as what effects greater gender diversity in senior corporate positions might have for Europe’s economic performance. Reexamining the factors driving women’s labor force participation is particularly important because in many European countries the process of closing the gender gap has stalled despite greater gender equality in human capital investment, declining birth rates, changing social norms, and equal legal access to employment opportunities. Investigating whether firm performance could be improved if women held a greater share of senior positions is also essential given that the empirical evidence from past research into this question has been inconclusive.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-5135-6251-7
    Language: English
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    Charité
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