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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dull disasters? : how planning ahead will make a difference (2016)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV043983990
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 139 Seiten)
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780191827440
    Content: In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? 'Dull Disasters?' harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-19-878557-6
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
    RVK:
    RB 10912
    Keywords: Naturkatastrophe ; Landesplanung ; Resilienz
    DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198785576.003.0006
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    MPI Bildungsforschung
    F.-Ebert-Stiftung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CO2 Emissions from air transport : A near-real-time global database for policy analysis (2022)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048368252
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (72 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2022/04
    Content: By moving goods and people over large distances, air transport facilitates international trade and tourism and thus contributes to economic growth and job creation. At the same time, it also comes with environmental challenges, largely related to air emissions and their impact on global warming. Air transport has been disproportionately negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with associated reductions in air emissions. However, recent projections show that, in the absence of accelerated technological developments and more ambitious policy measures, aviation-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will grow again at a rapid pace after the pandemic. This paper describes a new OECD database providing near-real-time and global information on aviation-related CO2 emissions, with allocations across countries following either the territory or the residence principle. This database provides a public good for both statistical measurement and environmental policy analysis. On the statistical front, it will facilitate the compilation of global Air Emission Accounts according to the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA), bring granular and timely information on a significant source of CO2 emissions, and allow tracking their evolution during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The comparison with official statistics that are available with a significant delay and at lower frequency demonstrates the accuracy of the OECD estimates. On the environmental policy front, it is expected that the OECD database will help monitor the impact of technological developments and policy measures to curb aviation-related CO2 emissions in the future
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/ecc9f16b-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Merchant's assistant, and clerk's new magazine : containing the most useful and necessary forms of writings, that occur in the transactions of business between man anb man; and most of which are calcuated to be of practical utility, as well to the citizens of the other United States, as of the state of Maine (1824)
    S.l. : s.n | Portland : Todd and Smith
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_553947230
    Format: 263, [1], [10] p , forms , Full text online , 18 cm
    Edition: Farmington Hills, Mich Thomson Gale Online-Ressource The Making of the Modern World Available via the World Wide Web
    Note: Errata at end of text , Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 24122.12 , Includes index , OCLC, 17397040 , Reproduction of original from Kress Library of Business and Economics, Harvard University , Available via the World Wide Web
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Weather Based Crop Insurance in India (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265422
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Content: The weather index insurance market in India is the world's largest, having transitioned from small-scale and scattered pilots to a large-scale weather based crop insurance program covering more than 9 million farmers. This paper provides a critical overview of this market, including a review of indices used for insurance purposes and a description and analysis of common approaches to design and ratemaking. Products should be designed based on sound agronomic principles and further investments are needed both in quantifying the level of basis risk in existing products, and developing enhanced products with lower basis risk. In addition to pure weather indexed products, hybrid products that combine both area yield and weather indices seem promising, with the potential to combine the strengths of the individual indices. A portfolio approach to pricing products, such as that offered by Empirical Bayes Credibility Theory, can be significantly more efficient than the standalone pricing approaches typically employed in the Indian market. Legislation for index insurance products, including consumer protection legislation, should be further enhanced, for example by requiring disclosure of claim payments that each product would have made in the last ten years. The market structure for weather based crop insurance products could better reward long-term development of improved product designs through product standardization, longer term contracts, or separating the roles of product design and delivery
    Additional Edition: Clarke, Daniel J Weather Based Crop Insurance in India
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5985
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disaster Risk Financing and Contingent Credit : A Dynamic Analysis (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265131
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Content: This paper aims to assist policy makers interested in establishing or strengthening financial strategies to increase the financial response capacity of developing country governments in the aftermath of natural disasters, while protecting their long-term fiscal balance. Contingent credit is shown to increase the ability of governments to self-insure by relaxing their short-term liquidity constraints. In many situations, contingent credit is most effectively used to facilitate risk retention for middle layers, with reserves used for bottom layers and risk transfer (for example, reinsurance) for top layers. Discussions with governments on the optimal use of contingent credit instruments as part of a sovereign catastrophe risk financing strategy can be guided by the output of a dynamic financial analysis model specifically developed to allow for the provision of contingent credit, in addition to reserves and/or reinsurance. This model is illustrated with three country case studies: agricultural production risks in India; tropical cyclone risk in Fiji; and earthquake risk in Costa Rica
    Additional Edition: Clarke, Daniel Disaster Risk Financing and Contingent Credit
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5693
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Index Based Crop Insurance Product Design and Ratemaking : The Case of Modified NAIS in India (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265423
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Content: Designing and rating insurance products requires both science and judgment. In developing and emerging economies, actuarial procedures must be robust and implementable, as well as offering a sufficient degree of transparency and flexibility so as to allow expert judgment to be incorporated. This paper outlines an approach to designing and rating a portfolio of index insurance products that uses both temporal and spatial aspects of the data to increase the efficiency of statistical estimates. The approach has formed the basis for the design and ratemaking methodology implemented by the Agriculture Insurance Company of India for the modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme, which was initiated by the Government of India in late 2010
    Additional Edition: Clarke, Daniel J Index Based Crop Insurance Product Design and Ratemaking
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5986
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Evaluating Sovereign Disaster Risk Finance Strategies : A Framework (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269840
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper proposes a framework for ex ante evaluation of sovereign disaster risk finance instruments available to governments for funding disaster losses. The framework can be used by governments to help choose between different financial instruments, or between different combinations of instruments, to achieve appropriate and financially efficient strategies to fund disaster losses, taking into account the risk of disasters, economic conditions, and political constraints. The paper discusses the framework in the context of a hypothetical country, with parameters selected to represent a disaster-prone small island state. The paper shows how a mix of instruments can be chosen to minimize the economic opportunity cost given the underlying disaster risk faced and prevailing economic and financial conditions
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Clarke, Daniel Evaluating Sovereign Disaster Risk Finance Strategies : A Framework Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7721
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 8
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    Online Resource
    A Methodology to Assess Indicative Costs of Risk Financing Strategies for Scaling Up Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269838
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper proposes and illustrates a methodology to assess the economic cost of the sovereign risk finance instruments available to the Government of Ethiopia and its development partners for financing the shock-responsive scalability component of the Productive Safety Net Programme. The methodology involves: (i) specifying rules for when additional expenditures would be triggered in each woreda; (ii) specifying alternative risk finance strategies; and (iii) analyzing the costs of each risk financing strategy, including sensitivity and scenario testing of the results. The methodology is applied to a hypothetical set of rules for drought-responsive scalability, and a range of potential risk finance strategies
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Clarke, Daniel A Methodology to Assess Indicative Costs of Risk Financing Strategies for Scaling Up Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7719
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solving Commitment Problems in Disaster Risk Finance (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269839
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Those at risk from natural disasters are typically under-protected, possibly because they expect benefactors such as governments and donors to come to their aid. Yet when relief comes, it is often insufficient, delayed or misallocated. Benefactors may wish to commit to provide an efficient amount of fast well-targeted relief, and leave the rest up to recipients, but such commitments are difficult. This article analyses how transferring risk to third-parties such as private insurers may help resolve these commitment problems. Using a simple model of disaster risk finance is used to identify three distinct commitment problems and then show how various properties of risk transfer schemes can help to resolve these problems. The paper illustrates how these commitment problems play out using examples from around the world, and demonstrates where risk transfer schemes seem to have helped in practice. Overall, the findings show that the benefits of such schemes depend on the relative severity of the different commitment problems
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Clarke, Daniel J Solving Commitment Problems in Disaster Risk Finance Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7720
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dull Disasters? How planning ahead will make a difference (2016)
    Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1778612210
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    ISBN: 9780198785576
    Content: Economic losses from disasters are now reaching an average of US$250–$300 billion a year. In the last 20 years, more than 530,000 people died as a direct result of extreme weather events; millions more were seriously injured. Most of the deaths and serious injuries were in developing countries. Meanwhile, highly infectious diseases will continue to emerge or re-emerge, and natural hazards will not disappear. But these extreme events do not need to turn into large-scale disasters. Better and faster responses are possible. The authors contend that even though there is much generosity in the world to support the responses to and recovery from natural disasters, the current funding model, based on mobilizing financial resources after disasters take place, is flawed and makes responses late, fragmented, unreliable, and poorly targeted, while providing poor incentives for preparedness or risk reduction. The way forward centres around reforming the funding model for disasters, moving towards plans with simple rules for early action and that are locked in before disasters through credible funding strategies—all while resisting the allure of post-disaster discretionary funding and the threat it poses for those seeking to ensure that disasters have a less severe impact
    Note: English
    Language: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
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