UID:
almafu_9961673799102883
Format:
1 online resource (576 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
3-13-240686-4
,
3-13-245437-0
,
3-13-258218-2
Content:
An interdisciplinary guide to vascular color flow imaging and CEUS organized by anatomic region The indications for vascular color duplex sonography (CDS) have expanded in recent years due to the availability of power Doppler, B-flow, ultrasound contrast agents, 3D reconstruction techniques, and fusion with other imaging modalities. CDS enables close-interval follow-ups after interventional procedures with improved prognoses. Edited by Reinhard Kubale, Hubert Stiegler, and Hans-Peter Weskott, Vascular Ultrasound: B-Mode, Color Doppler and Duplex Ultrasound, Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound starts with the basic principles of diagnostic ultrasound physics and technology, followed by invaluable tips on equipment settings, possible artifacts, and limitations; hemodynamic essentials; and the use of ultrasound contrast agents. Subsequent chapters organized by anatomic region provide coverage of all peripheral and abdominal arterial and venous vascular regions; microcirculation and tumor perfusion; kidney and liver diseases; vascular malformations; non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases; the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in biliary, intestinal, splenic, and pediatric diseases; and novel/future techniques. Key Features Contributions from interdisciplinary experts in angiology, neurology, radiology, vascular surgery, gastroenterology, nephrology, phlebology, rheumatology, laser medicine, and physics In-depth guidance on examination techniques, findings, and potential pitfalls and how to avoid them A wealth of comparative CT, MRI, and angiography CDS images and 37 videos enhance the understanding of impacted anatomy and the ability to master techniques and make accurate diagnoses.
Note:
Vascular Ultrasound -- MedOne Access Information -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part I Basic Principles -- Chapter 1 Principles of Physics and Technology in Diagnostic Ultrasound -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of Ultrasound Techniques -- 1.2.1 A-Mode -- 1.2.2 B-Mode -- 1.2.3 M-Mode -- 1.2.4 Color Duplex Sonography (CDS) -- 1.2.5 Power Doppler -- 1.2.6 Tissue Doppler -- 1.2.7 B-Flow -- 1.2.8 Color M-Mode -- 1.2.9 Doppler Spectral Analysis -- 1.2.10 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Techniques -- 1.2.11 (Tissue) Harmonic Imaging -- 1.3 General Physical Properties -- 1.4 Formation of the Ultrasound Image -- 1.4.1 Frame Rate, Pulse Repetition Frequency, Penetration Depth, and Number (Density) of Scan Lines -- 1.5 Transducers -- 1.5.1 Transducer "Frequency" -- 1.6 The Doppler Effect -- 1.6.1 Problem of Pulsed Sampling-Aliasing -- 1.7 Components of an Ultrasound System -- 1.7.1 Interpretation of Color Duplex Images -- 1.8 Innovations -- 1.8.1 Harmonic Imaging -- 1.8.2 Tissue Doppler -- 1.8.3 Power Doppler -- 1.8.4 Real-Time Compound B-Mode -- 1.8.5 Spatial Compound Imaging -- 1.8.6 Elastography -- 1.8.7 PlaneWave Imaging -- 1.9 Documentation -- Chapter 2 Ultrasound Device Settings, Examination Technique, and Artifacts -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Color Flow Imaging (CFI) -- 2.2 Transducer Selection and Instrument Settings -- 2.2.1 Prerequisites -- 2.2.2 Transducer Selection -- 2.2.3 Transducers -- 2.2.4 Optimizing the Image with Operator-Controlled Settings -- 2.3 Examination Technique, Limitations, and Artifacts -- 2.3.1 Examination Protocol -- 2.3.2 Limitations and Artifacts -- 2.4 Effect of Imaging Technique on Spatial Resolution and Lesion Detectability -- Chapter 3 Hemodynamics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Flow Characteristics in Steady Volume Flow -- 3.2.1 Shear Rate -- 3.2.2 Flow Resistance, Hagen-Poiseuille Law.
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3.2.3 Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect, Apparent Viscosity, and Axial Migration -- 3.3 Flow Characteristics in Straight Vessels of Constant Cross Section -- 3.3.1 Reynolds Number as the Determinant of Laminar or Turbulent Flow -- 3.4 Flow Characteristics in Vessels of Variable Cross Section -- 3.4.1 Bernoulli Principle -- 3.4.2 Flow Profile at Constrictions and Expansions -- 3.4.3 Flow Separation, Separation Zones, and Turbulent Zones -- 3.5 Characteristics of Pulsatile Volume Flow -- 3.5.1 Velocity Profile of Pulsatile Flow -- 3.5.2 Approach to the Flow Complexity -- 3.5.3 Waveforms of Pulsatile Flow/Helical Flow -- 3.6 Blood Flow through Stenoses -- 3.6.1 Relationship between Vessel Cross Section and Flow Velocity -- 3.6.2 Quantification of Stenosis -- 3.6.3 Intra- and Poststenotic Flow Changes -- 3.6.4 Hemodynamic Significance -- 3.7 Evaluation of Stenoses by Color Duplex Imaging -- 3.7.1 Criteria for Vascular Findings -- 3.7.2 Instrument Settings -- 3.7.3 Envelope Curves of Doppler Spectrum -- 3.7.4 Spectral Window in Doppler Frequency Analysis -- 3.7.5 Timing of Velocity Measurements in Doppler Spectrum -- 3.7.6 Angle Correction -- 3.7.7 Spectral DopplerWaveform Patterns -- 3.7.8 DopplerWaveform Patterns Associated with Stenotic Lesions -- 3.7.9 Color Flow Imaging -- 3.7.10 Integral Display of Flow Velocity and Volume Flow -- 3.7.11 Limitations of Color Duplex Imaging -- 3.7.12 Other Techniques -- 3.8 Flow Indices -- 3.8.1 Analytical Criteria -- Chapter 4 Ultrasound Contrast Agents-Fundamentals and Principles of Use -- 4.1 Structure and Properties of Ultrasound Contrast Agents -- 4.1.1 Structure -- 4.1.2 Pharmacologic Properties of Ultrasound Contrast Agents -- 4.1.3 Acoustic Properties of Ultrasound Contrast Agents -- 4.2 Equipment and Software: Settings and Transducers -- 4.2.1 Quality Aspects of Contrast-Enhanced Imaging.
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4.2.2 Transducer Selection -- 4.3 Vessel- and Organ-Specific Contrast Doses -- 4.3.1 Abdominal and Peripheral Vessels -- 4.3.2 Abdominal Organs -- 4.3.3 Small Parts -- 4.3.4 Intracavitary Use -- 4.4 Interpretation of Findings -- 4.4.1 Documentation: From JPEG to Digital Raw Data -- 4.4.2 Visual Interpretation: Online and Offline -- 4.4.3 TIC: Software-Assisted Analysis of Enhancement Kinetics -- Part II Vascular Ultrasound -- Chapter 5 Extracranial Cerebral Arteries -- 5.1 General Remarks -- 5.2 Carotid Artery -- 5.2.1 Anatomy, Examination Technique, and Normal Findings -- 5.2.2 Stenosis -- 5.2.3 Tortuosity and Kinking -- 5.2.4 Occlusion -- 5.2.5 Special Pathologies -- 5.3 Vertebral Artery -- 5.3.1 Anatomy, Examination Technique, and Normal Findings -- 5.3.2 Stenosis -- 5.3.3 Tortuosity and Kinking -- 5.3.4 Occlusion -- 5.3.5 Subclavian Steal -- 5.3.6 Special Pathologies -- 5.4 Color Duplex Sonography Compared with Other Modalities -- Chapter 6 Intracerebral Arteries and Brain -- 6.1 General Remarks -- 6.2 Transtemporal Approach -- 6.2.1 Examination Technique and Normal Findings -- 6.2.2 Vascular Pathology -- 6.2.3 Parenchymal Pathology -- 6.3 Transnuchal Approach -- 6.3.1 Examination Technique and Normal Findings -- 6.3.2 Vascular Pathology -- 6.4 Orbital Approach -- 6.4.1 Examination Technique and Normal Findings -- 6.4.2 Pathologic Findings -- Chapter 7 Limbs -- 7.1 Upper Extremities -- 7.1.1 Arteries -- 7.1.2 Veins of the Neck and Upper Extremities -- 7.2 Lower Extremities -- 7.2.1 Arteries -- 7.2.2 Veins: Superficial Lower Extremity Venous System -- 7.2.3 Veins: Deep Venous System -- 7.3 Hemodialysis Access -- 7.3.1 General Remarks -- 7.3.2 Normal Anatomy and Access Types -- 7.3.3 Examination Technique and Normal Findings -- 7.3.4 Pathologic Findings -- 7.3.5 Pre- and Postinterventional Examinations -- 7.3.6 Documentation.
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7.3.7 Comparison of Color Duplex Sonography with Other Modalities -- Chapter 8 Nonatherosclerotic Arterial Diseases: Vasculitis, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, Cystic Adventitial Disease, Compression Syndromes -- 8.1 General Remarks -- 8.2 Examination Technique -- 8.3 Pathologic Findings -- 8.3.1 Vasculitis -- 8.3.2 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger Disease) -- 8.3.3 Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) -- 8.3.4 Cystic Adventitial Degeneration (CAD) -- 8.3.5 Compression Syndromes -- 8.4 Documentation -- 8.5 Comparison of Color Duplex Sonography with Other Modalities -- Chapter 9 Vascular Malformations -- 9.1 General Remarks -- 9.2 Etiology and Pathogenesis -- 9.3 Differential Diagnosis -- 9.4 Classification -- 9.5 Pathophysiology -- 9.5.1 Truncular Malformations -- 9.5.2 Extratruncular Malformations -- 9.6 Examination Technique -- 9.6.1 Goals -- 9.6.2 Necessary Equipment -- 9.6.3 Examiner Requirements -- 9.6.4 Patient and Examiner Positions -- 9.6.5 Examination Protocol -- 9.7 Clinical Manifestations and Typical Color Duplex Findings -- 9.7.1 Arterial Malformation (AMF) -- 9.7.2 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) -- 9.7.3 Venous Malformation (VMF) -- 9.7.4 Lymphatic Malformation (LMF) -- 9.7.5 Capillary Malformation (CMF) -- 9.7.6 Combined Malformations -- 9.8 Documentation -- 9.9 Comparison of Color Duplex Sonography with Other Modalities -- 9.10 Conclusion -- Part III Abdominal Organs: Vascularization and Perfusion -- Chapter 10 Aorta and Outgoing Branches -- 10.1 General Remarks -- 10.1.1 Color Duplex Sonography (CDS) -- 10.2 Aortic Anatomy and Variants -- 10.2.1 Vascular Branches -- 10.2.2 Anatomical Variants -- 10.3 Examination Technique -- 10.3.1 Transducer and Device Settings -- 10.3.2 Color Duplex Sonography of the Aorta -- 10.3.3 Color Duplex Sonography of the Aortic Branching Vessels -- 10.3.4 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS).
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10.4 Normal Findings -- 10.4.1 Abdominal Aorta -- 10.5 Pathologic Findings in the CCDS -- 10.5.1 Wall Thickenings, Plaques, Stenoses, and Occlusions -- 10.5.2 Aneurysms -- 10.5.3 Aneurysm Verum -- 10.5.4 Aortic Dissection -- 10.5.5 Inflammatory Aneurysm -- 10.5.6 Infected or Mycotic Aneurysm -- 10.5.7 Complications -- 10.6 Pre- and Postinterventional Diagnostics -- 10.6.1 Pre- and Postsurgical Examinations -- 10.6.2 Pre- and Postinterventional Examinations -- 10.6.3 Examination Technique -- 10.6.4 Procedure in Case of Endoleaks -- 10.6.5 Findings -- 10.6.6 Definition and Classification of Endoleaks -- 10.6.7 Long-Term Follow-up -- 10.6.8 Image Fusion for the Localization and Characterization of Endoleaks and for Further Intervention Monitoring -- 10.7 Documentation -- 10.8 Value of Color Duplex Sonography in Comparison to Other Imaging Methods -- 10.8.1 Computed Tomography -- 10.8.2 Magnetic Resonance Angiography -- 10.8.3 Importance of Color Duplex Sonography and CEUS -- Chapter 11 Visceral Arteries -- 11.1 General Remarks -- 11.2 Anatomy, Variants, and Collaterals -- 11.2.1 Celiac Trunk and Its Branches -- 11.2.2 Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries -- 11.2.3 Preformed Arterial Collaterals -- 11.3 Examination Technique -- 11.3.1 Settings -- 11.3.2 Patient Preparations -- 11.3.3 Color Duplex Sonography -- 11.3.4 Examination Time -- 11.3.5 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound -- 11.4 Normal Findings and Variants -- 11.4.1 Normal Findings -- 11.4.2 Variants -- 11.5 Pathologic Findings -- 11.5.1 Plaque, Stenosis, and Occlusion -- 11.5.2 Acute Intestinal Ischemia: Embolism, Thrombosis, Dissection, and Nonocclusive Intestinal Ischemia -- 11.5.3 Aneurysms -- 11.5.4 Arteriovenous Malformation -- 11.5.5 Involvement of Visceral Vessels by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases -- 11.5.6 Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
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11.5.7 Applications in Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 3-13-240543-4
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1055/b-006-160187
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