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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Middle Class to Poverty : The Unequal Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Developing Countries (2023)
    Washington, D.C. :World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9961102898702883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 pages)
    Content: This study combines pre-COVID-19 household surveys with 2020 macro data to simulate changes in household economic welfare and poverty rates through job losses, labor income changes, and non-labor (remittance) income changes during 2020 in Brazil, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, South Africa, and Turkiye. It first presents an in-depth analysis of employment elasticities projections-a critical input in microsimulations-for 15 developing countries. In 11 of the 15 countries, employment estimates for 2020 based on elasticities were within 5 percent of the actual employment level, but in four countries, where the labor markets were more disrupted by the pandemic, the projections considerably underestimated job losses due to the crisis. The study then presents the simulation results for the five countries, which show declines in per capita household income or consumption across the distribution, a decline in the middle class, and increased poverty, but no other clear pattern of impacts across the different quintiles. Finally, data from Brazil indicate that the simulation underestimated the magnitude of the shock throughout the distribution, especially for the wealthy, because it underestimated declines in earnings.
    Language: English
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid, service delivery, and the Millennium Development Goals in an economy-wide framework (2008)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049073938
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4683
    Content: "In many developing countries, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 will require significant increases in expenditures on social services and in foreign assistance. It will also require careful planning of the sector allocation and sequencing of public spending. Especially for low-income countries, the challenges of the MDGs cannot be well understood unless sector issues are seen in the context of constraints at the macro level and in labor markets. To help countries analyze policies aimed at making progress toward the goals, the World Bank has developed a new tool, the Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS). Its originality is to fully integrate government services and their impact on the economy within an otherwise standard economy-wide dynamic framework. In comparison with existing approaches, MAMS offers three main advantages. First, the representation of the production of government services - such as health or education - takes into account demand as well as supply factors and the efficiency of these services. It also allows for interactions across the goals, and between the goals and economic growth. Second, it shows how scaling up these services has economy-wide impacts that may change resource allocation in the non-government sector and relative prices, including the unit cost of government services. Third, it shows the tradeoffs across time, including the relative costs and benefits, of front-loading expenditures versus back-loading. The present paper describes the basic features of MAMS and provides an illustration of its applicability for Ethiopia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2009
    Additional Edition: Bourguignon, François Aid, service delivery, and the Millennium Development Goals in an economy-wide framework
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fifteen Years of Inequality in Latin America : How have Labor Markets Helped? (2013)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265820
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Content: Household income inequality has declined in Latin America in the past decades, contributing significantly to poverty reduction in the region. Although available evidence shows that changes in the labor income are among the main factors behind these inequality trends, few studies have analyzed more closely the labor market dynamics that have led to a decline in total income inequality in some countries, but also to an increase in others. Using household survey data for a sample of 15 countries in Latin America from 1995 to 2010, this paper uses an extension of the Juhn-Murphy-Pierce methodology to decompose changes in labor income inequality (hourly wages) into a quantity effect (capturing changes in the distribution of workers' skills), price effect (reflecting returns to skills), and unobservables effect (other components, within skill groups, affecting labor income). The results show that falling returns to skills for both education and experience is, on average, driving the decline in labor income inequality in Latin America. The quantity effect, in turn, has contributed little to inequality reduction, mostly attributable to a larger dispersion in years of experience, possibly linked to the region's demographic transition and to significant increases in female labor force participation. Additional findings show that wage inequality, still high in the region, is coupled with inequality in terms of hours worked. The paper complements the existing literature by presenting separate results for males and females, as well as formal and informal sector workers as an attempt to control for secular shifts in these characteristics
    Additional Edition: Azevedo, João Pedro Fifteen Years of Inequality in Latin America
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6384
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afro-descendants in Latin America : Toward a Framework of Inclusion (2018)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048271562
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: About one in four Latin Americans self-identify as Afro-descendants today. They comprise a highly heterogeneous population and are unevenly distributed across the region, but share a common history of displacement and exclusion. Despite significant gains over the past decade, Afro-descendants still are overrepresented among the poor and are underrepresented in decision-making positions, both in the private and the public sector. The extent to which Latin America will be able to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity will therefore depend, to a very large degree, on the social inclusion of Afro-descendants. The objective of this study is to deepen the region's empirical understanding of the drivers behind the persistent exclusion of the afro-descendants, as a first step to design appropriate solutions. The report proposes a framework to organize and think of the myriad options available to address their situations, based on the experience accumulated by the region and the data available
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/30201
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    October 2022 Update to the Multidimensional Poverty Measure : What's New (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079671
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: The World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM) presents a broader understanding of poverty beyond just the monetary dimension by incorporating access to education and basic infrastructure as additional dimension of well-being. It aims to thus highlight additional deprivations experienced by poor households beyond the monetary headcount ratio at the 2.15 dollars international poverty line. To estimate the MPM in a standard way for as many countries as possible, data limitations result in a trade-off between the number of dimensions that can be included and the number of countries that have the required harmonized indicators. Both education and access to basic infrastructure are generally available in household surveys across the world. The World Bank's measure takes inspiration and guidance from other prominent multidimensional measures, particularly the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by UNDP and Oxford University.
    Content: The MPM and MPI differ in one important aspect: the MPM includes the monetary poverty dimension, measured as having household income or consumption per capita that is less than 2.15 dollars per day, the new International Poverty Line at 2017 PPPs published by the World Bank in 2022. A focus on non-monetary deprivations for the income-poor highlights to policymakers the importance of improving other aspects of human welfare that may not be well-captured by the monetary measure alone. For example, households that are income poor as well as deprived in non-monetary dimensions face worse levels of well-being than households that are only income poor but have good access to services and education. It is also useful to measure deprivations in basic services faced by non-income-poor households, including households that leave extreme poverty but continue to experience nonmonetary deprivations, as these households face different constraints to well-being.
    Content: A poverty measure that includes nonmonetary aspects thus highlights deprivations that may otherwise remain hidden. Securing higher living standards for a population becomes more challenging when poverty in all its forms is considered, but it can provide policymakers a roadmap for and a means of monitoring improvements in welfare
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/38203
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    April 2022 Update to the Multidimensional Poverty Measure : What's New (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079830
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: The April 2022 update presents the 3rd edition of the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure (MPM), based on updates to the Global Monitoring Database (GMD). The MPM is an index that captures the percentage of households in a country deprived along three dimensions of well-being - monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services - to provide a more complete picture of poverty. The latest MPM data provides country estimates for 123 economies in the GMD circa 2018, revising estimates published in March 2021. Some changes reflect the availability of more recent survey data. Other changes are due to the addition of new economies to the dataset, the release of new population data, and new monetary poverty estimates. The accompanying online dashboard containing the data and results presented in this document has also been updated. The dashboard allows users to visualize MPM data and modify the weights used when aggregating the different indicators in the MPM headcount ratio
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/37491
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    September 2019 PovcalNet Update : What's New (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048272688
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The September 2019 global poverty update from the World Bank includes revised survey data which lead to minor changes in the most recent global poverty estimates. The update includes revisions to 18 surveys from four countries. As a result of the revised data, the estimate of the global 1.90 US Dollars headcount ratio for 2015 increases slightly from 9.94 percent to 9.98 percent, whereas the number of poor increases from 731.0 million to 734.5 million people
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/32478
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chapter 4. MAMS A Computable General Equilibrium Model for Developing Country Strategy Analysis (2013)
    Show associated volumes
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1831650169
    ISBN: 9780444595683
    Content: This chapter presents MAMS (Maquette for MDG Simulations), a recursive-dynamic CGE model developed at the World Bank for analysis of medium- to long-run country strategies for low- and middle-income countries, including strategies aimed at improving MDG (Millennium Development Goals) outcomes. Compared to other CGE models, MAMS offers a unique combination of new and policy-relevant features, most importantly disaggregation of the government services by function, broad and integrated coverage of MDGs and endogenous links between education and the labor market. The chapter provides a detailed description of MAMS, the policy insights that it has generated, exemplified by a case study of Yemen and the lessons learned from developing and applying MAMS to a large number of countries.
    In: Handbook of computable general equilibrium modeling, Amsterdam : North-Holland, Elsevier, 2013, (2013), Seite 159-276, 9780444595683
    In: 9780444536341
    In: 9780444626318
    In: 0444536353
    In: 9780444536358
    In: year:2013
    In: pages:159-276
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59568-3.00004-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    March 2021 PovcalNet Update : What's New (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1758406518
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Content: The March 2021 update to PovcalNet involves several changes to the data underlying the global poverty estimates. Some welfare aggregates have been changed for improved harmonization, and the CPI, national accounts, and population input data have been updated. This document explains these changes in detail and the reasoning behind them. In addition to the changes listed here, a large number of new country-years have been added, resulting in a total number of surveys of more than 1,900. Moreover, this update includes important revisions to the historical survey data and for the first time, poverty estimates based on imputed consumption data
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/35340
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid, service delivery, and the Millennium Development Goals in an economy-wide framework (2008)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_72423022X
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4683
    Content: "In many developing countries, achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 will require significant increases in expenditures on social services and in foreign assistance. It will also require careful planning of the sector allocation and sequencing of public spending. Especially for low-income countries, the challenges of the MDGs cannot be well understood unless sector issues are seen in the context of constraints at the macro level and in labor markets. To help countries analyze policies aimed at making progress toward the goals, the World Bank has developed a new tool, the Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS). Its originality is to fully integrate government services and their impact on the economy within an otherwise standard economy-wide dynamic framework. In comparison with existing approaches, MAMS offers three main advantages. First, the representation of the production of government services - such as health or education - takes into account demand as well as supply factors and the efficiency of these services. It also allows for interactions across the goals, and between the goals and economic growth. Second, it shows how scaling up these services has economy-wide impacts that may change resource allocation in the non-government sector and relative prices, including the unit cost of government services. Third, it shows the tradeoffs across time, including the relative costs and benefits, of front-loading expenditures versus back-loading. The present paper describes the basic features of MAMS and provides an illustration of its applicability for Ethiopia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2009 , Also available in print.
    Additional Edition: Bourguignon, François Aid, service delivery, and the Millennium Development Goals in an economy-wide framework
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
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