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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health Information, Treatment, and Worker Productivity : Experimental Evidence from Malaria Testing and Treatment among Nigerian Sugarcane Cutters (2014)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246533602883
    Format: 1 online resource (48 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Agricultural and other physically demanding sectors are important sources of growth in developing countries but prevalent diseases such as malaria adversely impact the productivity, labor supply, and choice of job tasks among workers by reducing physical capacity. This study identifies the impact of malaria on worker earnings, labor supply, and daily productivity by randomizing the temporal order at which piece-rate workers at a large sugarcane plantation in Nigeria are offered malaria testing and treatment. The results indicate a significant and substantial intent to treat effect of the intervention-the offer of a workplace-based malaria testing and treatment program increases worker earnings by approximately 10 percent over the weeks following the offer. The study further investigates the effect of health information by contrasting program effects by workers' revealed health status. For workers who test positive for malaria, the treatment of illness increases labor supply, leading to higher earnings. For workers who test negative, and especially for those workers most likely to be surprised by the healthy diagnosis, the health information also leads to increased earnings via increased productivity. Possible mechanisms for this response include selection into higher return tasks within the plantation as a result of changes in the perceived cost of effort. A model of the worker labor decision that allows health expectations partly to determine the supply of effort suggests that, in endemic settings with poor quality health services, inaccurate health perceptions may lead workers to suboptimal labor allocation decisions. The results underline the importance of medical treatment, but also of access to improved information about one's health status, as the absence of either may lead workers to deliver lower effort in lower return jobs.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7120
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land Measurement Bias and its Empirical Implications : Evidence from a Validation Exercise (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143936602883
    Format: 1 online resource (31 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper investigates how land size measurements vary across three common land measurement methods (farmer estimated, Global Positioning System (GPS), and compass and rope), and the effect of land size measurement error on the inverse farm size relationship and input demand functions. The analysis utilizes plot-level ata from the second wave of the Nigeria General Household Survey Panel, as well as a supplementary land validation survey covering a subsample of General Household Survey Panel plots. Using this data, both GPS and self-reported farmer estimates can be compared with the gold standard compass and rope measurements on the same plots. The findings indicate that GPS measurements are more reliable than farmer estimates, where self-reported measurement bias leads to over-reporting land sizes of small plots and under-reporting of large plots. The error observed across land measurement methods is nonlinear and results in biased estimates of the inverse land size relationship. Input emand functions that rely on self-reported land measures significantly underestimate the effect of land on input utilization, including fertilizer and household labor.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7597
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Production, Dietary Diversity, and Climate Variability / (2014)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246545002883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Nonseparable household models outline the links between agricultural production and household consumption, yet empirical extensions to investigate the effect of production on dietary diversity and diet composition are limited. Although a significant literature has investigated the calorie-income elasticity abstracting from production, this paper provides an empirical application of the nonseparable household model linking the effect of exogenous variation in planting season production decisions via climate variability on household dietary diversity. Using exogenous variation in degree days, rainfall, and agricultural capital stocks as instruments, the effect of production on household dietary diversity at harvest is estimated. The empirical specifications estimate production effects on dietary diversity using both agricultural revenue and crop production diversity. Significant effects of agricultural revenue and crop production diversity on dietary diversity are estimated. The dietary diversity-production elasticities imply that a 10 percent increase in agricultural revenue or crop diversity results in a 1.8 percent or 2.4 percent increase in dietary diversity, respectively. These results illustrate that agricultural income growth or increased crop diversity may not be sufficient to ensure improved dietary diversity. Increases in agricultural revenue do change diet composition. Estimates of the effect of agricultural income on share of calories by food groups indicate relatively large changes in diet composition. On average, a 10 percent increase in agricultural revenue makes households 7.2 percent more likely to consume vegetables and 3.5 percent more likely to consume fish, and increases the share of tubers consumed by 5.2 percent.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7022
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Data Collection to Minimize Measurement Error and Maximize Coverage / (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960054838202883
    Format: 1 online resource (93 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Advances in agricultural data production provide ever-increasing opportunities for pushing the research frontier in agricultural economics and designing better agricultural policy. As new technologies present opportunities to create new and integrated data sources, researchers face trade-offs in survey design that may reduce measurement error or increase coverage. This paper first reviews the econometric and survey methodology literatures that focus on the sources of measurement error and coverage bias in agricultural data collection. Second, it provides examples of how agricultural data structure affects testable empirical models. Finally, it reviews the challenges and opportunities offered by technological innovation to meet old and new data demands and address key empirical questions, focusing on the scalable data innovations of greatest potential impact for empirical methods and research.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9745
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Labor Statistics Depend On How and To Whom the Questions Are Asked ? : Results From A Survey Experiment in Tanzania (2010)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246233902883
    Format: 1 online resource (58 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Labor market statistics are critical for assessing and understanding economic development. In practice, widespread variation exists in how labor statistics are measured in household surveys in low-income countries. Little is known whether these differences have an effect on the labor statistics they produce. This paper analyzes these effects by implementing a survey experiment in Tanzania that varied two key dimensions: the level of detail of the questions and the type of respondent. Significant differences are observed across survey designs with respect to different labor statistics. Labor force participation rates, for example, vary by as much as 10 percentage points across the four survey assignments. Using a short labor module without screening questions on employment generates lower female labor force participation and lower rates of wage employment for both men and women. Response by proxy rather than self-report yields lower male labor force participation, lower female working hours, and lower employment in agriculture for men. The differences between proxy and self reporting seem to come from information imperfections within the household, especially with the distance in age between respondent and subject playing an important role, while gender and educational differences seem less important.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5192
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Returns to Education Depend on How and Who You Ask? / (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143918402883
    Format: 1 online resource (40 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Returns to education remain an important parameter of interest in economic analysis. A large literature estimates returns to education in the labor market, often carefully addressing issues such as selection, into wage employment and in terms of completed schooling. There has been much less exploration of whether estimated returns are robust to survey design. Specifically, do returns to education differ depending on how information about wage work is collected? Using a survey experiment in Tanzania, this paper investigates whether survey methods matter for estimating mincerian returns to education. The results show that estimated returns vary by questionnaire design, but not by whether the information on employment and wages is self-reported or collected by a proxy respondent (another household member). The differences due to questionnaire type are substantial varying from 6 percentage points higher returns to education for the highest educated men, to 14 percentage points higher for the least educated women, after allowing for non-linearity and endogeneity in the estimation of these parameters. These differences are of similar magnitudes as the bias in OLS estimation, which receives considerable attention in the literature. The findings underline that survey design matters for the estimation of structural parameters, and that care is needed when comparing across contexts and over time, in particular when data is generated by different surveys.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7747
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Explaining variation in child labor statistics / (2010)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246200102883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Child labor statistics are critical for assessing the extent and nature of child labor activities in developing countries. In practice, widespread variation exists in how child labor is measured. Questionnaire modules vary across countries and within countries over time along several dimensions, including respondent type and the structure of the questionnaire. Little is known about the effect of these differences on child labor statistics. This paper presents the results from a randomized survey experiment in Tanzania focusing on two survey aspects: different questionnaire design to classify children work and proxy response versus self-reporting. Use of a short module compared with a more detailed questionnaire has a statistically significant effect, especially on child labor force participation rates, and, to a lesser extent, on working hours. Proxy reports do not differ significantly from a child's self-report. Further analysis demonstrates that survey design choices affect the coefficient estimates of some determinants of child labor in a child labor supply equation. The results suggest that low-cost changes to questionnaire design to clarify the concept of work for respondents can improve the data collected.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5414
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Productivity and Health : Alternative Productivity Estimates Using Physical Activity (2017)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958314761502883
    Format: 1 online resource (40 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper investigates an alternative proxy for individual worker productivity in physical work settings: a direct measure of physical activity using an accelerometer. First, the paper compares worker labor outcomes, such as labor supply and daily productivity obtained from firm personnel data, with physical activity; they are strongly related. Second, the paper investigates the effect of a health intervention on physical activity, using a temporally randomized offer of malaria testing and treatment. Workers who are offered this program reallocate time from lower intensity activities in favor of higher intensity activities when they work.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8228
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding users : designing experience through layers of meaning (2023)
    New York, NY :Routledge,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_9949501444602882
    Format: 1 online resource (viii, 256 pages) : , illustrations
    ISBN: 9781003026112 , 1003026117 , 9781000848151 , 1000848159 , 9781000848205 , 1000848205
    Content: "Grounded in the user-centered design movement, this book offers a broad consideration of how our civilization has evolved its technical infrastructure for human purpose to help us make sense of the contemporary world of information infrastructure and online existence"--
    Additional Edition: Print version: Dillon, Andrew. Understanding users New York, NY : Routledge, 2023 ISBN 9780367459253
    Language: English
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    DOI: 10.4324/9781003026112
    URL: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003026112
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    HU Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Production, Dietary Diversity, and Climate Variability / (2014)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958246545002883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Nonseparable household models outline the links between agricultural production and household consumption, yet empirical extensions to investigate the effect of production on dietary diversity and diet composition are limited. Although a significant literature has investigated the calorie-income elasticity abstracting from production, this paper provides an empirical application of the nonseparable household model linking the effect of exogenous variation in planting season production decisions via climate variability on household dietary diversity. Using exogenous variation in degree days, rainfall, and agricultural capital stocks as instruments, the effect of production on household dietary diversity at harvest is estimated. The empirical specifications estimate production effects on dietary diversity using both agricultural revenue and crop production diversity. Significant effects of agricultural revenue and crop production diversity on dietary diversity are estimated. The dietary diversity-production elasticities imply that a 10 percent increase in agricultural revenue or crop diversity results in a 1.8 percent or 2.4 percent increase in dietary diversity, respectively. These results illustrate that agricultural income growth or increased crop diversity may not be sufficient to ensure improved dietary diversity. Increases in agricultural revenue do change diet composition. Estimates of the effect of agricultural income on share of calories by food groups indicate relatively large changes in diet composition. On average, a 10 percent increase in agricultural revenue makes households 7.2 percent more likely to consume vegetables and 3.5 percent more likely to consume fish, and increases the share of tubers consumed by 5.2 percent.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7022
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
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