Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (xii, 432 pages) : , illustrations

Edition: First edition.

ISBN: 9789386107718 (e-book)

Additional Edition: Print version: Blasi, Francesco, 1959- Textbook of respiratory and critical care infections. New Delhi : The Health Science Publishers, 2015 ISBN 9789350902981

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

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Format: 1 online resource (317 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

ISBN: 0-12-809320-X

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 2 -- Contents-Volume 1 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Network of Cells and Mediators of Innate and Adaptive Cutaneous Immunity: Challenges for an Arthropod Vector -- THE CUTANEOUS IMMUNE SYSTEM -- SKIN-RESIDENT IMMUNE COMPONENTS -- Complement Activation -- Mast Cells -- Macrophages -- Dendritic Cells -- Epidermal Gamma/Delta T Cells -- Innate Lymphoid Cells -- Stromal Cells (Keratinocytes, Fibroblasts) -- RECRUITMENT OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS TO THE SKIN -- Neutrophils -- Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells -- Adaptive Immune Cells -- THE SKIN MICROBIOME AIDS ANTIPATHOGEN IMMUNITY -- OUTLOOK: HOW VECTOR AND PATHOGEN MODULATE SKIN IMMUNITY -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 - Vector Arthropods and Host Pain and Itch Responses -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISMS OF ITCH AND PAIN -- HISTAMINE -- SEROTONIN -- PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTORS -- TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS -- TRPV AND TRPA -- ENDOTHELIN 1 -- INTERLEUKIN-31 AND INTERLEUKIN-13 -- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR -- MAS-RELATED G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD STIMULATION AND MODULATION OF HOST ITCH AND PAIN RESPONSES -- BLOOD FEEDING -- HOST RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD BITES -- ARTHROPODS AND ITCH MEDIATORS -- ARTHROPODS: HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN -- ARTHROPODS: PROTEASES -- ARTHROPODS: ADDITIONAL ITCH AND PAIN RECEPTORS -- IMPACT OF ITCH AND PAIN ON VECTOR FEEDING AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS? -- References -- 3 - Arthropod Modulation of Wound Healing -- INTRODUCTION -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD FEEDING -- WOUND HEALING: CELLS, MOLECULES, MECHANISMS, AND PHASES -- HEMOSTASIS: FIRST PHASE OF WOUND HEALING. , INFLAMMATION: SECOND PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- PROLIFERATION: THIRD PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- TISSUE REMODELING: FOURTH PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD MODULATION OF WOUND HEALING -- FIRST PHASE: HEMOSTASIS AND VECTORS -- Platelet Aggregation -- Vasodilation -- Coagulation Pathways -- SECOND PHASE: INFLAMMATION AND VECTORS -- THIRD PHASE: PROLIFERATION AND VECTORS -- FOURTH PHASE: REMODELING AND VECTORS -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- References -- 4 - Salivary Kratagonists: Scavengers of Host Physiological Effectors During Blood Feeding -- INTRODUCTION -- MODES OF KRATAGONIST IDENTIFICATION -- DIVERSITY OF KRATAGONIST STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- BIOGENIC AMINE-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- EICOSANOID-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN RELATIVES -- "YELLOW" PROTEINS FROM SAND FLIES -- CAP DOMAIN PROTEINS FROM TABANID FLIES -- SALIVARY KRATAGONISTS OF MACROMOLECULAR EFFECTORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 - Basic and Translational Research on Sand Fly Saliva: Pharmacology, Biomarkers, and Vaccines -- BACKGROUND -- PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- Antihemostatic Components Described in Sand Fly Saliva -- Vasodilators -- Biogenic Amine-Binding Proteins -- Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation -- Anticoagulants -- Inhibitor of Contact Pathway Activation -- Anticomplement Activities -- Other Salivary Activities From Sand Flies -- Salivary Endonucleases -- 5′ Nucleotidase/Phosphodiesterase -- Adenosine Deaminase -- Hyaluronidase -- IMMUNOMODULATION OF IMMUNE CELLS BY SAND FLY SALIVA -- T Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells -- Neutrophils -- SAND FLY SALIVARY RECOMBINANT PROTEINS AS MARKERS OF VECTOR EXPOSURE -- SAND FLY SALIVA AS A VACCINE AGAINST LEISHMANIASIS -- From Salivary Gland Homogenate to Recombinant Salivary Proteins -- TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- From Mouse Models to Nonhuman Primates. , From the Bench to the Field: Studying Sand Fly Immunity in Humans -- Combining Sand Fly and Leishmania Antigens -- EVOLUTION OF SAND FLY SALIVARY PROTEINS -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 6 - Unique Features of Vector-Transmitted Leishmaniasis and Their Relevance to Disease Transmission and Control -- OVERVIEW -- LIFE CYCLE OF LEISHMANIA IN THE SAND FLY VECTOR -- THE USUAL SUSPECTS: COMPONENTS OF THE INFECTIOUS INOCULUM -- The Metacyclic Parasite -- The Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- Midgut Microbiota -- THE SITE OF BITE -- The Steady State Skin -- The Epidermis -- KERATINOCYTES -- LANGERHANS CELLS -- DENDRITIC EPIDERMAL T CELLS -- The Dermis -- FIBROBLASTS -- MAST CELLS -- MACROPHAGES -- DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS -- Skin Disruption at the Bite Site -- Wound Repair: A Default Response to Skin Injury -- Immunological Consequences of the Transmitted Inoculum -- Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- BEHAVIORAL MATTERS -- CURRENT STATUS OF LEISHMANIASIS CONTROL -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Leishmania Vaccines -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Drugs -- A BRIGHT FUTURE AWAITS -- Basic Research -- Translational Research -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Early Immunological Responses Upon Tsetse Fly-Mediated Trypanosome Inoculation -- INTRODUCTION: THE TSETSE FLY-TRYPANOSOME-HOST INTERPHASE -- THE METACYCLIC TRYPANOSOME STAGES: CHARACTERISTICS AND INFECTIVITY -- THE TSETSE FLY VECTOR: IMPLICATIONS OF SALIVA AS A VEHICLE -- HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SKIN FOLLOWING AN INFECTIVE TSETSE FLY BITE -- PARASITE ESCAPE FROM EARLY IMMUNE ELIMINATION -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 8 - Mosquito Modulation of Arbovirus-Host Interactions -- INTRODUCTION -- SALIVA OF HEMATOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS. , ARTHROPOD SALIVA AND THE VERTEBRATE HOST -- ARTHROPODS AND ARBOVIRUSES -- The Effects of Arthropod Saliva on Pathogen Development and Disease Development -- Arthropod Saliva as a Target to Protect the Host From Infection -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 9 - Tick Saliva: A Modulator of Host Defenses -- INTRODUCTION -- SKIN, TICKS, AND TICK SALIVA -- SKIN IMMUNE NETWORK -- TICKS: INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND KERATINOCYTES -- TICKS AND DENDRITIC CELLS -- TICKS AND MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES -- TICKS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS -- TICKS AND NEUTROPHILS -- TICKS, TYPE I INTERFERONS AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS -- TICKS AND MAST CELLS -- TICKS AND BASOPHILS -- TICKS AND COMPLEMENT -- A MODEL: TICKS MODULATE INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- 10 - Tick Saliva and Microbial Effector Molecules: Two Sides of the Same Coin -- INTRODUCTION -- NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING -- TICK SALIVA -- IMMUNE SUBVERSION MEDIATED BY MICROBIAL EFFECTORS -- OUTLOOK -- References -- 11 - Tsetse Fly Saliva Proteins as Biomarkers of Vector Exposure -- THE TSETSE FLY AS VECTOR OF AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES -- AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND VECTOR CONTROL -- THE GLOSSINA SIALOME: CHARACTERISTICS AND DIVERSITY OF SALIVARY COMPONENTS -- HOST ANTIBODIES AGAINST TSETSE SALIVA PROTEINS -- TOOLS TO DETECT ANTISALIVA ANTIBODIES IN THE MAMMALIAN HOST SERUM: QUALITATIVE AND SEMIQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BITE EXPOSU... -- References -- 12 - Epidemiological Applications of Assessing Mosquito Exposure in a Malaria-Endemic Area -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ANOPHELES VECTOR BITES -- The Concept of Immunological Marker of Exposure -- Validation of the Concept -- From the Saliva of Anopheles Vectors to Synthetic Salivary Peptide. , Identification of a Specific Salivary Biomarker of Exposure to Anopheles bites -- Peptide Design -- Antigenicity of gSG6 Peptides -- Validation as a Biomarker of Human Exposure -- APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTEXTS -- Monitoring the Human Exposure to Anopheles Bites and Malaria Risk -- Low-Level Exposure/Transmission Areas -- Risk of Malaria Infection -- Evaluation of Vector Control Strategies Effectiveness -- Long and Short-Term Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Net's Efficacy -- Evaluation of Effectiveness of Diverse Vector Control Measures -- Comparing Effectiveness of Combined or Not Vector Control Strategies -- Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Nets' Physical Integrity -- TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANOPHELES DIPSTICK -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 13 - Ixodes Tick Saliva: A Potent Controller at the Skin Interface of Early Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- IXODES HARD TICK -- Hard Tick Biology -- Tick Feeding Process -- Pharmacological and Immunomodulatory Effect of Tick Saliva -- BORRELIA BURGDORFERI SENSU LATO -- The Bacterium -- Borrelia Development Within the Tick -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin -- THE VERTEBRATE HOST: THE SKIN, A KEY INTERFACE -- Skin Structure -- Effect of Tick Bite and Saliva on the Vertebrate Host Skin -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin: Physiopathology -- APPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROL -- Diagnostic Tools -- Vaccine Development -- CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 14 - Translation of Saliva Proteins Into Tools to Prevent Vector-Borne Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- EVOLUTION OF HEMATOPHAGY -- STRATEGIES OF VERTEBRATE HOST HEMOSTASIS -- STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST HEMOSTASIS -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD ATTACHMENT AND FEEDING. , STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST INFLAMMATION.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805360-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (317 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

ISBN: 0-12-809320-X

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 2 -- Contents-Volume 1 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Network of Cells and Mediators of Innate and Adaptive Cutaneous Immunity: Challenges for an Arthropod Vector -- THE CUTANEOUS IMMUNE SYSTEM -- SKIN-RESIDENT IMMUNE COMPONENTS -- Complement Activation -- Mast Cells -- Macrophages -- Dendritic Cells -- Epidermal Gamma/Delta T Cells -- Innate Lymphoid Cells -- Stromal Cells (Keratinocytes, Fibroblasts) -- RECRUITMENT OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS TO THE SKIN -- Neutrophils -- Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells -- Adaptive Immune Cells -- THE SKIN MICROBIOME AIDS ANTIPATHOGEN IMMUNITY -- OUTLOOK: HOW VECTOR AND PATHOGEN MODULATE SKIN IMMUNITY -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 - Vector Arthropods and Host Pain and Itch Responses -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISMS OF ITCH AND PAIN -- HISTAMINE -- SEROTONIN -- PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTORS -- TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS -- TRPV AND TRPA -- ENDOTHELIN 1 -- INTERLEUKIN-31 AND INTERLEUKIN-13 -- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR -- MAS-RELATED G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD STIMULATION AND MODULATION OF HOST ITCH AND PAIN RESPONSES -- BLOOD FEEDING -- HOST RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD BITES -- ARTHROPODS AND ITCH MEDIATORS -- ARTHROPODS: HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN -- ARTHROPODS: PROTEASES -- ARTHROPODS: ADDITIONAL ITCH AND PAIN RECEPTORS -- IMPACT OF ITCH AND PAIN ON VECTOR FEEDING AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS? -- References -- 3 - Arthropod Modulation of Wound Healing -- INTRODUCTION -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD FEEDING -- WOUND HEALING: CELLS, MOLECULES, MECHANISMS, AND PHASES -- HEMOSTASIS: FIRST PHASE OF WOUND HEALING. , INFLAMMATION: SECOND PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- PROLIFERATION: THIRD PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- TISSUE REMODELING: FOURTH PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD MODULATION OF WOUND HEALING -- FIRST PHASE: HEMOSTASIS AND VECTORS -- Platelet Aggregation -- Vasodilation -- Coagulation Pathways -- SECOND PHASE: INFLAMMATION AND VECTORS -- THIRD PHASE: PROLIFERATION AND VECTORS -- FOURTH PHASE: REMODELING AND VECTORS -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- References -- 4 - Salivary Kratagonists: Scavengers of Host Physiological Effectors During Blood Feeding -- INTRODUCTION -- MODES OF KRATAGONIST IDENTIFICATION -- DIVERSITY OF KRATAGONIST STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- BIOGENIC AMINE-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- EICOSANOID-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN RELATIVES -- "YELLOW" PROTEINS FROM SAND FLIES -- CAP DOMAIN PROTEINS FROM TABANID FLIES -- SALIVARY KRATAGONISTS OF MACROMOLECULAR EFFECTORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 - Basic and Translational Research on Sand Fly Saliva: Pharmacology, Biomarkers, and Vaccines -- BACKGROUND -- PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- Antihemostatic Components Described in Sand Fly Saliva -- Vasodilators -- Biogenic Amine-Binding Proteins -- Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation -- Anticoagulants -- Inhibitor of Contact Pathway Activation -- Anticomplement Activities -- Other Salivary Activities From Sand Flies -- Salivary Endonucleases -- 5′ Nucleotidase/Phosphodiesterase -- Adenosine Deaminase -- Hyaluronidase -- IMMUNOMODULATION OF IMMUNE CELLS BY SAND FLY SALIVA -- T Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells -- Neutrophils -- SAND FLY SALIVARY RECOMBINANT PROTEINS AS MARKERS OF VECTOR EXPOSURE -- SAND FLY SALIVA AS A VACCINE AGAINST LEISHMANIASIS -- From Salivary Gland Homogenate to Recombinant Salivary Proteins -- TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- From Mouse Models to Nonhuman Primates. , From the Bench to the Field: Studying Sand Fly Immunity in Humans -- Combining Sand Fly and Leishmania Antigens -- EVOLUTION OF SAND FLY SALIVARY PROTEINS -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 6 - Unique Features of Vector-Transmitted Leishmaniasis and Their Relevance to Disease Transmission and Control -- OVERVIEW -- LIFE CYCLE OF LEISHMANIA IN THE SAND FLY VECTOR -- THE USUAL SUSPECTS: COMPONENTS OF THE INFECTIOUS INOCULUM -- The Metacyclic Parasite -- The Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- Midgut Microbiota -- THE SITE OF BITE -- The Steady State Skin -- The Epidermis -- KERATINOCYTES -- LANGERHANS CELLS -- DENDRITIC EPIDERMAL T CELLS -- The Dermis -- FIBROBLASTS -- MAST CELLS -- MACROPHAGES -- DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS -- Skin Disruption at the Bite Site -- Wound Repair: A Default Response to Skin Injury -- Immunological Consequences of the Transmitted Inoculum -- Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- BEHAVIORAL MATTERS -- CURRENT STATUS OF LEISHMANIASIS CONTROL -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Leishmania Vaccines -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Drugs -- A BRIGHT FUTURE AWAITS -- Basic Research -- Translational Research -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Early Immunological Responses Upon Tsetse Fly-Mediated Trypanosome Inoculation -- INTRODUCTION: THE TSETSE FLY-TRYPANOSOME-HOST INTERPHASE -- THE METACYCLIC TRYPANOSOME STAGES: CHARACTERISTICS AND INFECTIVITY -- THE TSETSE FLY VECTOR: IMPLICATIONS OF SALIVA AS A VEHICLE -- HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SKIN FOLLOWING AN INFECTIVE TSETSE FLY BITE -- PARASITE ESCAPE FROM EARLY IMMUNE ELIMINATION -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 8 - Mosquito Modulation of Arbovirus-Host Interactions -- INTRODUCTION -- SALIVA OF HEMATOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS. , ARTHROPOD SALIVA AND THE VERTEBRATE HOST -- ARTHROPODS AND ARBOVIRUSES -- The Effects of Arthropod Saliva on Pathogen Development and Disease Development -- Arthropod Saliva as a Target to Protect the Host From Infection -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 9 - Tick Saliva: A Modulator of Host Defenses -- INTRODUCTION -- SKIN, TICKS, AND TICK SALIVA -- SKIN IMMUNE NETWORK -- TICKS: INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND KERATINOCYTES -- TICKS AND DENDRITIC CELLS -- TICKS AND MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES -- TICKS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS -- TICKS AND NEUTROPHILS -- TICKS, TYPE I INTERFERONS AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS -- TICKS AND MAST CELLS -- TICKS AND BASOPHILS -- TICKS AND COMPLEMENT -- A MODEL: TICKS MODULATE INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- 10 - Tick Saliva and Microbial Effector Molecules: Two Sides of the Same Coin -- INTRODUCTION -- NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING -- TICK SALIVA -- IMMUNE SUBVERSION MEDIATED BY MICROBIAL EFFECTORS -- OUTLOOK -- References -- 11 - Tsetse Fly Saliva Proteins as Biomarkers of Vector Exposure -- THE TSETSE FLY AS VECTOR OF AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES -- AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND VECTOR CONTROL -- THE GLOSSINA SIALOME: CHARACTERISTICS AND DIVERSITY OF SALIVARY COMPONENTS -- HOST ANTIBODIES AGAINST TSETSE SALIVA PROTEINS -- TOOLS TO DETECT ANTISALIVA ANTIBODIES IN THE MAMMALIAN HOST SERUM: QUALITATIVE AND SEMIQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BITE EXPOSU... -- References -- 12 - Epidemiological Applications of Assessing Mosquito Exposure in a Malaria-Endemic Area -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ANOPHELES VECTOR BITES -- The Concept of Immunological Marker of Exposure -- Validation of the Concept -- From the Saliva of Anopheles Vectors to Synthetic Salivary Peptide. , Identification of a Specific Salivary Biomarker of Exposure to Anopheles bites -- Peptide Design -- Antigenicity of gSG6 Peptides -- Validation as a Biomarker of Human Exposure -- APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTEXTS -- Monitoring the Human Exposure to Anopheles Bites and Malaria Risk -- Low-Level Exposure/Transmission Areas -- Risk of Malaria Infection -- Evaluation of Vector Control Strategies Effectiveness -- Long and Short-Term Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Net's Efficacy -- Evaluation of Effectiveness of Diverse Vector Control Measures -- Comparing Effectiveness of Combined or Not Vector Control Strategies -- Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Nets' Physical Integrity -- TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANOPHELES DIPSTICK -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 13 - Ixodes Tick Saliva: A Potent Controller at the Skin Interface of Early Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- IXODES HARD TICK -- Hard Tick Biology -- Tick Feeding Process -- Pharmacological and Immunomodulatory Effect of Tick Saliva -- BORRELIA BURGDORFERI SENSU LATO -- The Bacterium -- Borrelia Development Within the Tick -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin -- THE VERTEBRATE HOST: THE SKIN, A KEY INTERFACE -- Skin Structure -- Effect of Tick Bite and Saliva on the Vertebrate Host Skin -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin: Physiopathology -- APPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROL -- Diagnostic Tools -- Vaccine Development -- CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 14 - Translation of Saliva Proteins Into Tools to Prevent Vector-Borne Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- EVOLUTION OF HEMATOPHAGY -- STRATEGIES OF VERTEBRATE HOST HEMOSTASIS -- STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST HEMOSTASIS -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD ATTACHMENT AND FEEDING. , STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST INFLAMMATION.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805360-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (255 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-809237-8

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 1 -- Contents-Volume 2 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - The Site of the Bite: Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Vector Transmission of Diseases -- VECTORS: THE NEGLECTED PART OF THE EQUATION -- IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH GAPS -- ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL SUBSETS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS -- EFFECT OF VECTOR INNATE IMMUNITY AND HUMAN-DERIVED IMMUNE MOLECULES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS -- DROSOPHILA-A USEFUL MODEL FOR VECTORS? -- ARTHROPOD VECTORS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION: TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS -- TRANSLATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NOVEL VECTOR MANAGEMENT APPROACHES -- KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA ON MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY-THE ARTHROPOD VECTOR: THE CONTROLLER OF TRANSMISSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 2 - Conservation and Convergence of Immune Signaling Pathways With Mitochondrial Regulation in Vector Arthropod Physiology -- HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE -- THE BLOOD-FEEDING INTERFACE -- ANCIENT REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF HOMEOSTASIS: IIS, TGF-Β, MAPK -- The Pathways: IIS, TGF-β, MAPK -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Function -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Turnover -- MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS CONTROLS DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGIES THAT ARE KEY TO VECTOR COMPETENCE -- SUMMARY -- References -- 3 - Wolbachia-Mediated Immunity Induction in Mosquito Vectors -- INTRODUCTION -- Maternal Transmission of Wolbachia -- Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility -- Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen Interference -- Wolbachia-Associated Fitness. , WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS -- Wolbachia Recognition by Hosts -- Wolbachia Regulates Host Toll and Imd Signaling Pathways -- Wolbachia Induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species -- The Interaction of Wolbachia With MicroRNAs -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN SYMBIOSIS FORMATION -- THE IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY ON MICROBIOTA -- EVOLUTION OF WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON DISEASE CONTROL -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- References -- 4 - Modulation of Mosquito Immune Defenses as a Control Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GENETIC BASIS OF VECTOR COMPETENCE AND ITS LINK TO MOSQUITO IMMUNITY -- CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANTIPARASITE IMMUNE REACTIONS IN THE MOSQUITO VECTOR -- Antimalarial Immunity in the Midgut Lumen -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Parasites Traversing the Midgut Epithelium -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Developing Malaria Oocysts -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Sporozoites in Hemolymph and Salivary Glands -- THE REGULATION OF ANTI-PARASITE IMMUNITY BY CANONICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS -- The Toll Pathway Controls Immune Reactions Targeting Broad Classes of Pathogens -- The Immunodeficiency (Imd) Pathway Is a Major Regulator of Gut Immunity -- The JAK/STAT Pathway Regulates the Antiviral Response and Cellular and Gut Immunity -- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Affects Mosquito Midgut Homeostasis and Hemocyte Proliferation -- ERK Signaling -- Ras Also Signals Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway -- Jun-N-Terminal Kinase/p38 Signaling -- CREATING MALARIA-REFRACTORY MOSQUITOES IN THE LABORATORY: THE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE -- Transient Inhibition of Plasmodium spp. Development by RNAi -- Inherited Boosting of Antiparasite Immunity in Mosquitoes. , Overexpression of Antimicrobial Peptides -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Transcription Factors -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Modulators -- Overexpression of Plasmodium Parasite Opsonins -- THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOOSTING MOSQUITO IMMUNITY IN THE FIELD -- References -- 5 - Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Immune Priming in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION -- ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF IMMUNE MEMORY -- Gut Bacteria and the Establishment of Immune Priming -- Hemocytes as Key Mediators in Early- and Late-phase Antiplasmodial Immunity -- MOSQUITO-PARASITE COMPATIBILITY AND THE STRENGTH OF THE PRIMING RESPONSE -- MOLECULAR FACTORS MEDIATING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF INNATE IMMUNE PRIMING -- Evokin, a Bioactive Lipid Carrier, Is Critical in Immune Priming -- Eicosanoids in Hemocyte Differentiation and Activation -- The Role of Immune Signaling Pathways in the Establishment of Immune Priming -- The Effect of Priming on Vectorial Capacity -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- TAKE-HOME MESSAGES -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 - The Mosquito Immune System and Its Interactions With the Microbiota: Implications for Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- THE MOSQUITO INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Overview -- Pattern Recognition and Immune Signaling -- Pathogen Killing: Lysis, Phagocytosis, and Melanization -- THE MOSQUITO MICROBIOTA -- MICROBIOTA-IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTIONS -- PERSPECTIVE -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Using an Endosymbiont to Control Mosquito-Transmitted Disease -- THE BIOLOGY OF WOLBACHIA PIPIENTIS -- THE USE OF WOLBACHIA IN MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS -- Population Suppression -- Population Replacement -- PRERELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -- Generating and Evaluating a Wolbachia-Infected Line -- Planning, Modeling, and Community Engagement -- FIELD DEPLOYMENT. , SELECTING THE RIGHT WOLBACHIA STRAIN -- Effects of Wolbachia in Different Host Species -- The Wolbachia Density Trade-Off -- PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE VERSUS PATHOGEN ENHANCEMENT -- THE FUTURE -- References -- 8 - Effect of Host Blood-Derived Antibodies Targeting Critical Mosquito Neuronal Receptors and Other Proteins: Disruption of Vector Physiology and Potential for Disease Control -- KEY LEARNING POINTS -- BACKGROUND -- Vaccine Studies Against Concealed Antigens to Reduce the Survival of Ticks and Blood-Feeding Insects -- Antibody Translocation Across the Insect Midgut and Binding of Concealed Antigens -- Insights From the Activity and Targets of Invertebrate Peptide Toxins -- Insights From Autoimmune Channelopathies in Vertebrates -- CURRENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMOSQUITO ANTIBODY DEVELOPMENT -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- Understanding Basic Vector Biology by Disrupting Protein Function In Vivo -- Translational Opportunities for Disease Control and Prevention -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 9 - Role of the Microbiota During Development of the Arthropod Vector Immune System -- SPECTRUM OF VECTOR-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- ENVIRONMENTALLY ACQUIRED COMMENSAL BACTERIA SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- MICROBIOME INFLUENCES ON ARTHROPOD HOST VECTOR COMPETENCE -- MUTUALISTIC ENDOSYMBIONTS SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- THE TSETSE FLY AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING SYMBIONT CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT -- Generation of Dysbiotic Tsetse -- Wigglesworthia's Role in the Development of Tsetse's Cellular Immune Response -- Wigglesworthia and the Development of Tsetse Gut Barriers That Modulate Trypanosome Infection Outcomes -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING THOUGHTS -- References -- 10 - Host-Microbe Interactions: A Case for Wolbachia Dialogue -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA ON MOSQUITO SMALL RNAS. , MANIPULATION OF HOST MIRNAS AS REGULATORS OF GENES INVOLVED IN WOLBACHIA MAINTENANCE -- EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS OF HOST MIRNAS BY WOLBACHIA ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS -- SMALL RNAS AS MEDIATORS OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN HOST AND WOLBACHIA -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 - The Gut Microbiota of Mosquitoes: Diversity and Function -- INTRODUCTION -- ACQUISITION AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY OF THE MOSQUITO GUT MICROBIOTA -- Bacterial Diversity in the Gut Is Low -- Most Gut Bacteria Are Acquired From the Environment -- Some Gut Bacteria Can Be Acquired Directly -- The Gut as a Habitat for Microbes -- FUNCTIONS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MOSQUITOES -- Vector Competence -- Wolbachia Transmission -- Nutrient Acquisition and Digestion -- Development and Survival -- Oviposition and Egg Hatching -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 - Targeting Dengue Virus Replication in Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION: WHY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES? -- MOSQUITOES NATURALLY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION -- STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TARGETING OF DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION IN MOSQUITOES -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 13 - Paratransgenesis Applications: Fighting Malaria With Engineered Mosquito Symbiotic Bacteria -- INTRODUCTION -- GENETIC MANIPULATION OF MOSQUITO VECTORIAL COMPETENCE -- ANOPHELES GUT MICROBIOTA -- IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA ON ANOPHELES PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- FIGHTING MALARIA TRANSMISSION WITH PARATRANSGENESIS -- Basic Requirements for Paratransgenesis -- Effector Molecules -- Fighting Malaria With Engineered Symbionts -- CONCLUSION AND REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 - Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles stephensi -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BIOLOGY OF THE INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDES -- Structure and Function of Insulin-Like Peptides. , Insulin-Like Peptides, Infection, and Immunity.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805350-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (255 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-809237-8

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 1 -- Contents-Volume 2 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - The Site of the Bite: Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Vector Transmission of Diseases -- VECTORS: THE NEGLECTED PART OF THE EQUATION -- IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH GAPS -- ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL SUBSETS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS -- EFFECT OF VECTOR INNATE IMMUNITY AND HUMAN-DERIVED IMMUNE MOLECULES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS -- DROSOPHILA-A USEFUL MODEL FOR VECTORS? -- ARTHROPOD VECTORS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION: TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS -- TRANSLATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NOVEL VECTOR MANAGEMENT APPROACHES -- KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA ON MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY-THE ARTHROPOD VECTOR: THE CONTROLLER OF TRANSMISSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 2 - Conservation and Convergence of Immune Signaling Pathways With Mitochondrial Regulation in Vector Arthropod Physiology -- HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE -- THE BLOOD-FEEDING INTERFACE -- ANCIENT REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF HOMEOSTASIS: IIS, TGF-Β, MAPK -- The Pathways: IIS, TGF-β, MAPK -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Function -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Turnover -- MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS CONTROLS DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGIES THAT ARE KEY TO VECTOR COMPETENCE -- SUMMARY -- References -- 3 - Wolbachia-Mediated Immunity Induction in Mosquito Vectors -- INTRODUCTION -- Maternal Transmission of Wolbachia -- Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility -- Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen Interference -- Wolbachia-Associated Fitness. , WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS -- Wolbachia Recognition by Hosts -- Wolbachia Regulates Host Toll and Imd Signaling Pathways -- Wolbachia Induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species -- The Interaction of Wolbachia With MicroRNAs -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN SYMBIOSIS FORMATION -- THE IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY ON MICROBIOTA -- EVOLUTION OF WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON DISEASE CONTROL -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- References -- 4 - Modulation of Mosquito Immune Defenses as a Control Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GENETIC BASIS OF VECTOR COMPETENCE AND ITS LINK TO MOSQUITO IMMUNITY -- CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANTIPARASITE IMMUNE REACTIONS IN THE MOSQUITO VECTOR -- Antimalarial Immunity in the Midgut Lumen -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Parasites Traversing the Midgut Epithelium -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Developing Malaria Oocysts -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Sporozoites in Hemolymph and Salivary Glands -- THE REGULATION OF ANTI-PARASITE IMMUNITY BY CANONICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS -- The Toll Pathway Controls Immune Reactions Targeting Broad Classes of Pathogens -- The Immunodeficiency (Imd) Pathway Is a Major Regulator of Gut Immunity -- The JAK/STAT Pathway Regulates the Antiviral Response and Cellular and Gut Immunity -- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Affects Mosquito Midgut Homeostasis and Hemocyte Proliferation -- ERK Signaling -- Ras Also Signals Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway -- Jun-N-Terminal Kinase/p38 Signaling -- CREATING MALARIA-REFRACTORY MOSQUITOES IN THE LABORATORY: THE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE -- Transient Inhibition of Plasmodium spp. Development by RNAi -- Inherited Boosting of Antiparasite Immunity in Mosquitoes. , Overexpression of Antimicrobial Peptides -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Transcription Factors -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Modulators -- Overexpression of Plasmodium Parasite Opsonins -- THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOOSTING MOSQUITO IMMUNITY IN THE FIELD -- References -- 5 - Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Immune Priming in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION -- ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF IMMUNE MEMORY -- Gut Bacteria and the Establishment of Immune Priming -- Hemocytes as Key Mediators in Early- and Late-phase Antiplasmodial Immunity -- MOSQUITO-PARASITE COMPATIBILITY AND THE STRENGTH OF THE PRIMING RESPONSE -- MOLECULAR FACTORS MEDIATING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF INNATE IMMUNE PRIMING -- Evokin, a Bioactive Lipid Carrier, Is Critical in Immune Priming -- Eicosanoids in Hemocyte Differentiation and Activation -- The Role of Immune Signaling Pathways in the Establishment of Immune Priming -- The Effect of Priming on Vectorial Capacity -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- TAKE-HOME MESSAGES -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 - The Mosquito Immune System and Its Interactions With the Microbiota: Implications for Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- THE MOSQUITO INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Overview -- Pattern Recognition and Immune Signaling -- Pathogen Killing: Lysis, Phagocytosis, and Melanization -- THE MOSQUITO MICROBIOTA -- MICROBIOTA-IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTIONS -- PERSPECTIVE -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Using an Endosymbiont to Control Mosquito-Transmitted Disease -- THE BIOLOGY OF WOLBACHIA PIPIENTIS -- THE USE OF WOLBACHIA IN MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS -- Population Suppression -- Population Replacement -- PRERELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -- Generating and Evaluating a Wolbachia-Infected Line -- Planning, Modeling, and Community Engagement -- FIELD DEPLOYMENT. , SELECTING THE RIGHT WOLBACHIA STRAIN -- Effects of Wolbachia in Different Host Species -- The Wolbachia Density Trade-Off -- PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE VERSUS PATHOGEN ENHANCEMENT -- THE FUTURE -- References -- 8 - Effect of Host Blood-Derived Antibodies Targeting Critical Mosquito Neuronal Receptors and Other Proteins: Disruption of Vector Physiology and Potential for Disease Control -- KEY LEARNING POINTS -- BACKGROUND -- Vaccine Studies Against Concealed Antigens to Reduce the Survival of Ticks and Blood-Feeding Insects -- Antibody Translocation Across the Insect Midgut and Binding of Concealed Antigens -- Insights From the Activity and Targets of Invertebrate Peptide Toxins -- Insights From Autoimmune Channelopathies in Vertebrates -- CURRENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMOSQUITO ANTIBODY DEVELOPMENT -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- Understanding Basic Vector Biology by Disrupting Protein Function In Vivo -- Translational Opportunities for Disease Control and Prevention -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 9 - Role of the Microbiota During Development of the Arthropod Vector Immune System -- SPECTRUM OF VECTOR-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- ENVIRONMENTALLY ACQUIRED COMMENSAL BACTERIA SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- MICROBIOME INFLUENCES ON ARTHROPOD HOST VECTOR COMPETENCE -- MUTUALISTIC ENDOSYMBIONTS SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- THE TSETSE FLY AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING SYMBIONT CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT -- Generation of Dysbiotic Tsetse -- Wigglesworthia's Role in the Development of Tsetse's Cellular Immune Response -- Wigglesworthia and the Development of Tsetse Gut Barriers That Modulate Trypanosome Infection Outcomes -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING THOUGHTS -- References -- 10 - Host-Microbe Interactions: A Case for Wolbachia Dialogue -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA ON MOSQUITO SMALL RNAS. , MANIPULATION OF HOST MIRNAS AS REGULATORS OF GENES INVOLVED IN WOLBACHIA MAINTENANCE -- EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS OF HOST MIRNAS BY WOLBACHIA ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS -- SMALL RNAS AS MEDIATORS OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN HOST AND WOLBACHIA -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 - The Gut Microbiota of Mosquitoes: Diversity and Function -- INTRODUCTION -- ACQUISITION AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY OF THE MOSQUITO GUT MICROBIOTA -- Bacterial Diversity in the Gut Is Low -- Most Gut Bacteria Are Acquired From the Environment -- Some Gut Bacteria Can Be Acquired Directly -- The Gut as a Habitat for Microbes -- FUNCTIONS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MOSQUITOES -- Vector Competence -- Wolbachia Transmission -- Nutrient Acquisition and Digestion -- Development and Survival -- Oviposition and Egg Hatching -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 - Targeting Dengue Virus Replication in Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION: WHY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES? -- MOSQUITOES NATURALLY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION -- STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TARGETING OF DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION IN MOSQUITOES -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 13 - Paratransgenesis Applications: Fighting Malaria With Engineered Mosquito Symbiotic Bacteria -- INTRODUCTION -- GENETIC MANIPULATION OF MOSQUITO VECTORIAL COMPETENCE -- ANOPHELES GUT MICROBIOTA -- IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA ON ANOPHELES PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- FIGHTING MALARIA TRANSMISSION WITH PARATRANSGENESIS -- Basic Requirements for Paratransgenesis -- Effector Molecules -- Fighting Malaria With Engineered Symbionts -- CONCLUSION AND REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 - Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles stephensi -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BIOLOGY OF THE INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDES -- Structure and Function of Insulin-Like Peptides. , Insulin-Like Peptides, Infection, and Immunity.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805350-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (255 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-809237-8

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION:VOLUME 1: VECTOR MICROBIOME AND INNATE IMMUNITY OF ARTHROPODS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 1 -- Contents-Volume 2 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - The Site of the Bite: Addressing Knowledge Gaps in Vector Transmission of Diseases -- VECTORS: THE NEGLECTED PART OF THE EQUATION -- IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH GAPS -- ROLE OF IMMUNE CELL SUBSETS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF VECTOR-BORNE INFECTIONS -- EFFECT OF VECTOR INNATE IMMUNITY AND HUMAN-DERIVED IMMUNE MOLECULES ON THE TRANSMISSION OF VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS -- DROSOPHILA-A USEFUL MODEL FOR VECTORS? -- ARTHROPOD VECTORS AND DISEASE TRANSMISSION: TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS -- TRANSLATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR NOVEL VECTOR MANAGEMENT APPROACHES -- KEYSTONE SYMPOSIA ON MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY-THE ARTHROPOD VECTOR: THE CONTROLLER OF TRANSMISSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 2 - Conservation and Convergence of Immune Signaling Pathways With Mitochondrial Regulation in Vector Arthropod Physiology -- HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE -- THE BLOOD-FEEDING INTERFACE -- ANCIENT REGULATORY PATHWAYS OF HOMEOSTASIS: IIS, TGF-Β, MAPK -- The Pathways: IIS, TGF-β, MAPK -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Function -- IIS, TGF-β, and MAPK Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Turnover -- MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS CONTROLS DIVERSE PHYSIOLOGIES THAT ARE KEY TO VECTOR COMPETENCE -- SUMMARY -- References -- 3 - Wolbachia-Mediated Immunity Induction in Mosquito Vectors -- INTRODUCTION -- Maternal Transmission of Wolbachia -- Wolbachia-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility -- Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen Interference -- Wolbachia-Associated Fitness. , WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS -- Wolbachia Recognition by Hosts -- Wolbachia Regulates Host Toll and Imd Signaling Pathways -- Wolbachia Induces Production of Reactive Oxygen Species -- The Interaction of Wolbachia With MicroRNAs -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE -- THE ROLE OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY IN SYMBIOSIS FORMATION -- THE IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA-INDUCED IMMUNITY ON MICROBIOTA -- EVOLUTION OF WOLBACHIA-MEDIATED IMMUNE INDUCTIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON DISEASE CONTROL -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- References -- 4 - Modulation of Mosquito Immune Defenses as a Control Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GENETIC BASIS OF VECTOR COMPETENCE AND ITS LINK TO MOSQUITO IMMUNITY -- CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF ANTIPARASITE IMMUNE REACTIONS IN THE MOSQUITO VECTOR -- Antimalarial Immunity in the Midgut Lumen -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Parasites Traversing the Midgut Epithelium -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Developing Malaria Oocysts -- Antimalarial Immunity Against Sporozoites in Hemolymph and Salivary Glands -- THE REGULATION OF ANTI-PARASITE IMMUNITY BY CANONICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS -- The Toll Pathway Controls Immune Reactions Targeting Broad Classes of Pathogens -- The Immunodeficiency (Imd) Pathway Is a Major Regulator of Gut Immunity -- The JAK/STAT Pathway Regulates the Antiviral Response and Cellular and Gut Immunity -- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Affects Mosquito Midgut Homeostasis and Hemocyte Proliferation -- ERK Signaling -- Ras Also Signals Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway -- Jun-N-Terminal Kinase/p38 Signaling -- CREATING MALARIA-REFRACTORY MOSQUITOES IN THE LABORATORY: THE PROOF OF PRINCIPLE -- Transient Inhibition of Plasmodium spp. Development by RNAi -- Inherited Boosting of Antiparasite Immunity in Mosquitoes. , Overexpression of Antimicrobial Peptides -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Transcription Factors -- Overexpression of Immune Pathway Modulators -- Overexpression of Plasmodium Parasite Opsonins -- THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR BOOSTING MOSQUITO IMMUNITY IN THE FIELD -- References -- 5 - Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Immune Priming in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION -- ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF IMMUNE MEMORY -- Gut Bacteria and the Establishment of Immune Priming -- Hemocytes as Key Mediators in Early- and Late-phase Antiplasmodial Immunity -- MOSQUITO-PARASITE COMPATIBILITY AND THE STRENGTH OF THE PRIMING RESPONSE -- MOLECULAR FACTORS MEDIATING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF INNATE IMMUNE PRIMING -- Evokin, a Bioactive Lipid Carrier, Is Critical in Immune Priming -- Eicosanoids in Hemocyte Differentiation and Activation -- The Role of Immune Signaling Pathways in the Establishment of Immune Priming -- The Effect of Priming on Vectorial Capacity -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- TAKE-HOME MESSAGES -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 - The Mosquito Immune System and Its Interactions With the Microbiota: Implications for Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- THE MOSQUITO INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Overview -- Pattern Recognition and Immune Signaling -- Pathogen Killing: Lysis, Phagocytosis, and Melanization -- THE MOSQUITO MICROBIOTA -- MICROBIOTA-IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTIONS -- PERSPECTIVE -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Using an Endosymbiont to Control Mosquito-Transmitted Disease -- THE BIOLOGY OF WOLBACHIA PIPIENTIS -- THE USE OF WOLBACHIA IN MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAMS -- Population Suppression -- Population Replacement -- PRERELEASE CONSIDERATIONS -- Generating and Evaluating a Wolbachia-Infected Line -- Planning, Modeling, and Community Engagement -- FIELD DEPLOYMENT. , SELECTING THE RIGHT WOLBACHIA STRAIN -- Effects of Wolbachia in Different Host Species -- The Wolbachia Density Trade-Off -- PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE VERSUS PATHOGEN ENHANCEMENT -- THE FUTURE -- References -- 8 - Effect of Host Blood-Derived Antibodies Targeting Critical Mosquito Neuronal Receptors and Other Proteins: Disruption of Vector Physiology and Potential for Disease Control -- KEY LEARNING POINTS -- BACKGROUND -- Vaccine Studies Against Concealed Antigens to Reduce the Survival of Ticks and Blood-Feeding Insects -- Antibody Translocation Across the Insect Midgut and Binding of Concealed Antigens -- Insights From the Activity and Targets of Invertebrate Peptide Toxins -- Insights From Autoimmune Channelopathies in Vertebrates -- CURRENT ADVANCES IN ANTIMOSQUITO ANTIBODY DEVELOPMENT -- FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- Understanding Basic Vector Biology by Disrupting Protein Function In Vivo -- Translational Opportunities for Disease Control and Prevention -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 9 - Role of the Microbiota During Development of the Arthropod Vector Immune System -- SPECTRUM OF VECTOR-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- ENVIRONMENTALLY ACQUIRED COMMENSAL BACTERIA SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- MICROBIOME INFLUENCES ON ARTHROPOD HOST VECTOR COMPETENCE -- MUTUALISTIC ENDOSYMBIONTS SUPPORT THEIR HOST'S DEVELOPMENT -- THE TSETSE FLY AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING SYMBIONT CONTRIBUTIONS TO HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT -- Generation of Dysbiotic Tsetse -- Wigglesworthia's Role in the Development of Tsetse's Cellular Immune Response -- Wigglesworthia and the Development of Tsetse Gut Barriers That Modulate Trypanosome Infection Outcomes -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING THOUGHTS -- References -- 10 - Host-Microbe Interactions: A Case for Wolbachia Dialogue -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPACT OF WOLBACHIA ON MOSQUITO SMALL RNAS. , MANIPULATION OF HOST MIRNAS AS REGULATORS OF GENES INVOLVED IN WOLBACHIA MAINTENANCE -- EFFECT OF ALTERATIONS OF HOST MIRNAS BY WOLBACHIA ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS -- SMALL RNAS AS MEDIATORS OF DIALOGUE BETWEEN HOST AND WOLBACHIA -- CONCLUSIONS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 - The Gut Microbiota of Mosquitoes: Diversity and Function -- INTRODUCTION -- ACQUISITION AND COMMUNITY DIVERSITY OF THE MOSQUITO GUT MICROBIOTA -- Bacterial Diversity in the Gut Is Low -- Most Gut Bacteria Are Acquired From the Environment -- Some Gut Bacteria Can Be Acquired Directly -- The Gut as a Habitat for Microbes -- FUNCTIONS OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN MOSQUITOES -- Vector Competence -- Wolbachia Transmission -- Nutrient Acquisition and Digestion -- Development and Survival -- Oviposition and Egg Hatching -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 - Targeting Dengue Virus Replication in Mosquitoes -- INTRODUCTION: WHY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES? -- MOSQUITOES NATURALLY TARGET DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION -- STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TARGETING OF DENGUE VIRUS REPLICATION IN MOSQUITOES -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 13 - Paratransgenesis Applications: Fighting Malaria With Engineered Mosquito Symbiotic Bacteria -- INTRODUCTION -- GENETIC MANIPULATION OF MOSQUITO VECTORIAL COMPETENCE -- ANOPHELES GUT MICROBIOTA -- IMPACT OF MICROBIOTA ON ANOPHELES PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- FIGHTING MALARIA TRANSMISSION WITH PARATRANSGENESIS -- Basic Requirements for Paratransgenesis -- Effector Molecules -- Fighting Malaria With Engineered Symbionts -- CONCLUSION AND REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 - Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles stephensi -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BIOLOGY OF THE INSULIN-LIKE PEPTIDES -- Structure and Function of Insulin-Like Peptides. , Insulin-Like Peptides, Infection, and Immunity.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805350-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (317 pages) : , illustrations (some color)

ISBN: 0-12-809320-X

Note: Front Cover -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- ARTHROPOD VECTOR: CONTROLLER OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION: VOLUME 2: VECTOR SALIVA-HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS -- Copyright -- Contents-Volume 2 -- Contents-Volume 1 -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1 - Network of Cells and Mediators of Innate and Adaptive Cutaneous Immunity: Challenges for an Arthropod Vector -- THE CUTANEOUS IMMUNE SYSTEM -- SKIN-RESIDENT IMMUNE COMPONENTS -- Complement Activation -- Mast Cells -- Macrophages -- Dendritic Cells -- Epidermal Gamma/Delta T Cells -- Innate Lymphoid Cells -- Stromal Cells (Keratinocytes, Fibroblasts) -- RECRUITMENT OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS TO THE SKIN -- Neutrophils -- Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells -- Adaptive Immune Cells -- THE SKIN MICROBIOME AIDS ANTIPATHOGEN IMMUNITY -- OUTLOOK: HOW VECTOR AND PATHOGEN MODULATE SKIN IMMUNITY -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 - Vector Arthropods and Host Pain and Itch Responses -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISMS OF ITCH AND PAIN -- HISTAMINE -- SEROTONIN -- PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTORS -- TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS -- TRPV AND TRPA -- ENDOTHELIN 1 -- INTERLEUKIN-31 AND INTERLEUKIN-13 -- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR -- MAS-RELATED G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD STIMULATION AND MODULATION OF HOST ITCH AND PAIN RESPONSES -- BLOOD FEEDING -- HOST RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD BITES -- ARTHROPODS AND ITCH MEDIATORS -- ARTHROPODS: HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN -- ARTHROPODS: PROTEASES -- ARTHROPODS: ADDITIONAL ITCH AND PAIN RECEPTORS -- IMPACT OF ITCH AND PAIN ON VECTOR FEEDING AND PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION -- WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS? -- References -- 3 - Arthropod Modulation of Wound Healing -- INTRODUCTION -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD FEEDING -- WOUND HEALING: CELLS, MOLECULES, MECHANISMS, AND PHASES -- HEMOSTASIS: FIRST PHASE OF WOUND HEALING. , INFLAMMATION: SECOND PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- PROLIFERATION: THIRD PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- TISSUE REMODELING: FOURTH PHASE OF WOUND HEALING -- VECTOR ARTHROPOD MODULATION OF WOUND HEALING -- FIRST PHASE: HEMOSTASIS AND VECTORS -- Platelet Aggregation -- Vasodilation -- Coagulation Pathways -- SECOND PHASE: INFLAMMATION AND VECTORS -- THIRD PHASE: PROLIFERATION AND VECTORS -- FOURTH PHASE: REMODELING AND VECTORS -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- References -- 4 - Salivary Kratagonists: Scavengers of Host Physiological Effectors During Blood Feeding -- INTRODUCTION -- MODES OF KRATAGONIST IDENTIFICATION -- DIVERSITY OF KRATAGONIST STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- BIOGENIC AMINE-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- EICOSANOID-BINDING LIPOCALINS -- ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN RELATIVES -- "YELLOW" PROTEINS FROM SAND FLIES -- CAP DOMAIN PROTEINS FROM TABANID FLIES -- SALIVARY KRATAGONISTS OF MACROMOLECULAR EFFECTORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 - Basic and Translational Research on Sand Fly Saliva: Pharmacology, Biomarkers, and Vaccines -- BACKGROUND -- PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- Antihemostatic Components Described in Sand Fly Saliva -- Vasodilators -- Biogenic Amine-Binding Proteins -- Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation -- Anticoagulants -- Inhibitor of Contact Pathway Activation -- Anticomplement Activities -- Other Salivary Activities From Sand Flies -- Salivary Endonucleases -- 5′ Nucleotidase/Phosphodiesterase -- Adenosine Deaminase -- Hyaluronidase -- IMMUNOMODULATION OF IMMUNE CELLS BY SAND FLY SALIVA -- T Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells -- Neutrophils -- SAND FLY SALIVARY RECOMBINANT PROTEINS AS MARKERS OF VECTOR EXPOSURE -- SAND FLY SALIVA AS A VACCINE AGAINST LEISHMANIASIS -- From Salivary Gland Homogenate to Recombinant Salivary Proteins -- TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS OF SAND FLY SALIVA -- From Mouse Models to Nonhuman Primates. , From the Bench to the Field: Studying Sand Fly Immunity in Humans -- Combining Sand Fly and Leishmania Antigens -- EVOLUTION OF SAND FLY SALIVARY PROTEINS -- TRANSLATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 6 - Unique Features of Vector-Transmitted Leishmaniasis and Their Relevance to Disease Transmission and Control -- OVERVIEW -- LIFE CYCLE OF LEISHMANIA IN THE SAND FLY VECTOR -- THE USUAL SUSPECTS: COMPONENTS OF THE INFECTIOUS INOCULUM -- The Metacyclic Parasite -- The Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- Midgut Microbiota -- THE SITE OF BITE -- The Steady State Skin -- The Epidermis -- KERATINOCYTES -- LANGERHANS CELLS -- DENDRITIC EPIDERMAL T CELLS -- The Dermis -- FIBROBLASTS -- MAST CELLS -- MACROPHAGES -- DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS -- Skin Disruption at the Bite Site -- Wound Repair: A Default Response to Skin Injury -- Immunological Consequences of the Transmitted Inoculum -- Promastigote Secretory Gel -- Exosomes -- Saliva -- BEHAVIORAL MATTERS -- CURRENT STATUS OF LEISHMANIASIS CONTROL -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Leishmania Vaccines -- Components of the Infectious Inoculum and Drugs -- A BRIGHT FUTURE AWAITS -- Basic Research -- Translational Research -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Early Immunological Responses Upon Tsetse Fly-Mediated Trypanosome Inoculation -- INTRODUCTION: THE TSETSE FLY-TRYPANOSOME-HOST INTERPHASE -- THE METACYCLIC TRYPANOSOME STAGES: CHARACTERISTICS AND INFECTIVITY -- THE TSETSE FLY VECTOR: IMPLICATIONS OF SALIVA AS A VEHICLE -- HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SKIN FOLLOWING AN INFECTIVE TSETSE FLY BITE -- PARASITE ESCAPE FROM EARLY IMMUNE ELIMINATION -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 8 - Mosquito Modulation of Arbovirus-Host Interactions -- INTRODUCTION -- SALIVA OF HEMATOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS. , ARTHROPOD SALIVA AND THE VERTEBRATE HOST -- ARTHROPODS AND ARBOVIRUSES -- The Effects of Arthropod Saliva on Pathogen Development and Disease Development -- Arthropod Saliva as a Target to Protect the Host From Infection -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 9 - Tick Saliva: A Modulator of Host Defenses -- INTRODUCTION -- SKIN, TICKS, AND TICK SALIVA -- SKIN IMMUNE NETWORK -- TICKS: INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND KERATINOCYTES -- TICKS AND DENDRITIC CELLS -- TICKS AND MONOCYTES/MACROPHAGES -- TICKS AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS -- TICKS AND NEUTROPHILS -- TICKS, TYPE I INTERFERONS AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS -- TICKS AND MAST CELLS -- TICKS AND BASOPHILS -- TICKS AND COMPLEMENT -- A MODEL: TICKS MODULATE INFLAMMATION AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- TICKS AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- 10 - Tick Saliva and Microbial Effector Molecules: Two Sides of the Same Coin -- INTRODUCTION -- NOD-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING -- TICK SALIVA -- IMMUNE SUBVERSION MEDIATED BY MICROBIAL EFFECTORS -- OUTLOOK -- References -- 11 - Tsetse Fly Saliva Proteins as Biomarkers of Vector Exposure -- THE TSETSE FLY AS VECTOR OF AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMES -- AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND VECTOR CONTROL -- THE GLOSSINA SIALOME: CHARACTERISTICS AND DIVERSITY OF SALIVARY COMPONENTS -- HOST ANTIBODIES AGAINST TSETSE SALIVA PROTEINS -- TOOLS TO DETECT ANTISALIVA ANTIBODIES IN THE MAMMALIAN HOST SERUM: QUALITATIVE AND SEMIQUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF BITE EXPOSU... -- References -- 12 - Epidemiological Applications of Assessing Mosquito Exposure in a Malaria-Endemic Area -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ANOPHELES VECTOR BITES -- The Concept of Immunological Marker of Exposure -- Validation of the Concept -- From the Saliva of Anopheles Vectors to Synthetic Salivary Peptide. , Identification of a Specific Salivary Biomarker of Exposure to Anopheles bites -- Peptide Design -- Antigenicity of gSG6 Peptides -- Validation as a Biomarker of Human Exposure -- APPLICATIONS OF BIOMARKER OF HUMAN EXPOSURE IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTEXTS -- Monitoring the Human Exposure to Anopheles Bites and Malaria Risk -- Low-Level Exposure/Transmission Areas -- Risk of Malaria Infection -- Evaluation of Vector Control Strategies Effectiveness -- Long and Short-Term Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Net's Efficacy -- Evaluation of Effectiveness of Diverse Vector Control Measures -- Comparing Effectiveness of Combined or Not Vector Control Strategies -- Evaluation of Insecticide-Treated Nets' Physical Integrity -- TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANOPHELES DIPSTICK -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 13 - Ixodes Tick Saliva: A Potent Controller at the Skin Interface of Early Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- IXODES HARD TICK -- Hard Tick Biology -- Tick Feeding Process -- Pharmacological and Immunomodulatory Effect of Tick Saliva -- BORRELIA BURGDORFERI SENSU LATO -- The Bacterium -- Borrelia Development Within the Tick -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin -- THE VERTEBRATE HOST: THE SKIN, A KEY INTERFACE -- Skin Structure -- Effect of Tick Bite and Saliva on the Vertebrate Host Skin -- Early Development of Borrelia in the Skin: Physiopathology -- APPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROL -- Diagnostic Tools -- Vaccine Development -- CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- 14 - Translation of Saliva Proteins Into Tools to Prevent Vector-Borne Disease Transmission -- INTRODUCTION -- EVOLUTION OF HEMATOPHAGY -- STRATEGIES OF VERTEBRATE HOST HEMOSTASIS -- STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST HEMOSTASIS -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES TO ARTHROPOD ATTACHMENT AND FEEDING. , STRATEGIES OF THE ARTHROPOD TO IMPAIR HOST INFLAMMATION.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-805360-7

Language: English

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Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-12-805350-8

Language: English

Subjects: Medicine