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  • 1
    UID:
    almafu_9958066482202883
    Format: xiv, 628 pages : , illustrations, maps ; , 24 cm.
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-280-08484-7 , 9786610084845 , 1-4175-0795-0
    Series Statement: World Bank regional and sectoral studies
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Map of Vietnam; 1. An Overview of Economic Growth and Household Welfare in Vietnam in the 1990's; Part I. Vietnam's Economic Performance in the 1990's; 2. Reform, Growth, and Poverty; 3. The Wage Labor Market and Inequality in Vietnam; 4. Household Enterprises in Vietnam: Survival, Growth, and Living Standards; 5. Agriculture and Income Distribution in Rural Vietnam under Economic Reforms: A Tale of Two Regions; Part II. Poverty Reduction in Vietnam in the 1990's , 6. The Static and Dynamic Incidence of Vietnam's Public Safety Net 7. The Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Vietnam and the Potential for Targeting; 8. Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam: A Socioeconomic Perspective; Part III. Progress in Health and Education in Vietnam in the 1990's; 9. Poverty and Survival Prospects of Vietnamese Children under Doi Moi; 10. Child Nutrition, Economic Growth, and the Provision of Health Care Services in Vietnam; 11. Patterns of Health Care Use in Vietnam: Analysis of 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey Data; 12. Trends in the Education Sector , 13. An Investigation of the Determinants of School Progress and Academic Achievement in Vietnam Part IV. Other Topics; 14. Child Labor in Transition in Vietnam; 15. Economic Mobility in Vietnam; 16. Private Interhousehold Transfers in Vietnam; List of Figures, Maps, and Tables; Figures; 2.1 Per Capita GDP Growth Rates, 1960's to 1990's; 2.2 Convergence and Divergence in Per Capita GDP Growth Rates in the 1990's; 2.3 Economic Growth and Income of the Poor; 2.4 Increased Trade and Changes in Inequality; 2.5 Indicators of Vietnam's Reforms: Mid-1980's to Late 1990's , 2.6 Effect of Economic Reform on Poverty, 1988-98 2.7 Poverty Reduction and Growth Rate in India, Vietnam, and China, 1992-98; 2.8 Conditional Convergence, 1995-2035; 2.9 Governance Pentagons: Vietnam, India, Thailand, Myanmar, and China; 2.10 Global Competitiveness Report Rankings: Vietnam, China, and India; 2.11 Maritime Transport to the United States (West Coast): Garments; 2.12 Foreign Direct Investment as a Share of GDP, 1998; 2.13 Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam in the 1990's; 3.1 Economic Growth in Vietnam , 3.2 Levels of Schooling versus Labor Market Returns to Schooling by Region, 1998 3.3 Agricultural Labor Force Compared with Income Level; 4.1 Household Choices in 1993 and 1998; 5.1 Composition of Income, Vietnam; 5.2 Trends in Rice Production; 5.3 Trends in Total Agricultural Output; 5.4 The Distributional Impact of Changes in Rice Prices, Rural North; 5.5 The Distributional Impact of Changes in Rice Prices, Rural South; 7.1 Provincial Poverty Headcounts Estimated Using Urban-Rural and Stratum-Level Regression Models , 7.2 Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves for Selected Targeting Variables , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-5543-0
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almahu_9949191418102882
    Format: xiii, 174 pages : , color illustrations ; , 24 cm.
    ISBN: 0195216083 (OUP) , 082135048X (World Bank)
    Series Statement: A World Bank policy research report
    Note: "A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press" -- t.p. , "This report was prepared under the supervision of Nicolas Stern, Chief Economist and Senior Vice President. It was written by Paul Collier (Director, Development Research Group) and David Dollar (Research Mamager in the Development Research Group" -- xiii , Overview -- The new wave of globalization and its economic effects -- Improving the international architecture for integration -- Strengthening domestic institutions and policies -- Power, culture, and the environment -- An agenda for action.
    Additional Edition: Print Version: ISBN 9780821350485
    Language: English
    Keywords: Electronic books. ; Electronic books. ; Electronic books
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958109645902883
    Format: 1 online resource (33 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: China has been the most successful developing country in this modern era of globalization. Since initiating economic reform after 1978, its economy has expanded at a steady rate over 8 percent per capita, fueling historically unprecedented poverty reduction (the poverty rate declined from over 60 percent to 7 percent in 2007). Other developing countries struggling to grow and reduce poverty are naturally interested in what has been the source of this impressive growth and what, if any, lessons they can take from China. This paper focuses on four features of modern China that have changed significantly between the pre-reform period and today. The Chinese themselves call their reform program Gai Ge Kai Feng, "change the system, open the door." "Change the system" means altering incentives and ownership, that is, shifting the economy from near total state ownership to one in which private enterprise is dominant. "Open the door" means exactly what it says, liberalizing trade and direct investment. A third lesson is the development of high-quality infrastructure: China's good roads, reliable power, world-class ports, and excellent cell phone coverage throughout the country are apparent to any visitor. What is less well known is that most of this infrastructure has been developed through a policy of "cost recovery" that prices infrastructure services at levels sufficient to finance the capital cost as well as operations and maintenance. A fourth important lesson is China's careful attention to agriculture and rural development, complemented by rural-urban migration.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    UID:
    almafu_9958098516502883
    Format: 1 online resource (56 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: July 2000 - Poverty in the developing world will decline by roughly half by 2015 if current growth trends and policies persist. But a disproportionate share of poverty reduction will occur in East and South Asia, poverty will decline only slightly in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it will increase in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. What can be done to change this picture? More effective development aid could greatly improve poverty reduction in the areas where poverty reduction is expected to lag: Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Even more potent would be significant policy reform in the countries themselves. Collier and Dollar develop a model of efficient aid in which the total volume of aid is endogenous. In particular, aid flows respond to policy improvements that create a better environment for poverty reduction and effective use of aid. They use the model to investigate scenarios-of policy reform, of more efficient aid, and of greater volumes of aid-that point the way to how the world could cut poverty in half in every major region. The fact that aid increases the benefits of reform suggests that a high level of aid to strong reformers may increase the likelihood of sustained good policy (an idea ratified in several recent case studies of low-income reformers). Collier and Dollar find that the world is not operating on the efficiency frontier. With the same level of concern, much more poverty reduction could be achieved by allocating aid on the basis of how poor countries are as well as on the basis of the quality of their policies. Global poverty reduction requires a partnership in which third world countries and governments improve economic policy while first world citizens and governments show concern about poverty and translate that concern into effective assistance. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollier@worldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958074870002883
    Format: 1 online resource (28 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: China has been the most rapidly growing economy in the world over the past 25 years. This growth has fueled a remarkable increase in per capita income and a decline in the poverty rate from 64 percent at the beginning of reform to 10 percent in 2004. At the same time, however, different kinds of disparities have increased. Income inequality has risen, propelled by the rural-urban income gap and by the growing disparity between highly educated urban professionals and the urban working class. There have also been increases in inequality of health and education outcomes. Some rise in inequality was inevitable as China introduced a market system, but inequality may have been exacerbated rather than mitigated by a number of policy features. Restrictions on rural-urban migration have limited opportunities for the relatively poor rural population. The inability to sell or mortgage rural land has further reduced opportunities. China has a uniquely decentralized fiscal system that has relied on local government to fund basic health and education. The result has been that poor villages could not afford to provide good services, and poor households could not afford the high private costs of basic public services. Ironically, the large trade surplus that China has built up in recent years is a further problem, in that it stimulates an urban industrial sector that no longer creates many jobs while restricting the government's ability to increase spending to improve services and address disparities. The government's recent policy shift to encourage migration, fund education and health for poor areas and poor households, and rebalance the economy away from investment and exports toward domestic consumption and public services should help reduce social disparities.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958069102602883
    Format: 1 online resource (46 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In the efficient allocation of aid, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies. For a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation of aid, aid tapers out with reform. Aid now lifts about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, the same amount of aid would lift about 80 million people out of poverty. Collier and Dollar derive a poverty-efficient allocation of aid and compare it with actual aid allocations. They build the poverty-efficient allocation in two stages. First they use new World Bank ratings of 20 different aspects of national policy to establish the current relationship between aid, policies, and growth. Onto that, they add a mapping from growth to poverty reduction, which reflects the level and distribution of income. They compare the effects of using headcount and poverty-gap measures of poverty. They find the actual allocation of aid to be radically different from the poverty-efficient allocation. In the efficient allocation, for a given level of poverty, aid tapers in with policy reform. In the actual allocation, aid tapers out with reform. In the efficient allocation, aid is targeted disproportionately to countries with severe poverty and adequate policies - the type of country where 74 percent of the world's poor live. In the actual allocation, such countries receive a much smaller share of aid (56 percent) than their share of the world's poor. With the present allocation, aid is effective in sustainably lifting about 30 million people a year out of absolute poverty. With a poverty-efficient allocation, this would increase to about 80 million people. Even with political constraints introduced to keep allocations for India and China constant, poverty reduction would increase to about 60 million. Reallocating aid is politically difficult, but it may be considerably less difficult than quadrupling aid budgets, which is what the authors estimate would be necessary to achieve the same impact on poverty reduction with existing aid allocations. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Director, and Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine aid effectiveness. The authors may be contacted at pcollier@worldbank.org or ddollar@worldbank.org.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958074691202883
    Format: 1 online resource (37 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The "rise of Asia" is something of a myth. During 1990-2005 China accounted for 28 percent of global growth, measured at purchasing power parity (PPP). India accounted for 9 percent. The rest of developing Asia, with nearly a billion people, accounted for only 7 percent, the same as Latin America. Hence there is no general success of Asian developing economies. China has grown better than its developing neighbors because it started its reform with a better base of human capital, has been more open to foreign trade and investment, and created good investment climates in coastal cities. China's success changes the equation going forward: its wages are now two to three times higher than in the populous Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam), and China will become an ever-larger importer of natural resource and labor-intensive products. Developing countries need to become more open and improve their investment climates to benefit from these opportunities. China itself faces new challenges that could hamper its further development: unsustainable trade imbalance with the United States, energy and water scarcity and unsustainable use of natural resources, and growing inequality and social tension. To address the first two of these challenges, good cooperation between China and the United States is essential. The author concludes that we are more likely to be facing a "multi-polar century," than an Asian century.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC :World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth,
    UID:
    almafu_9958073697602883
    Format: 34 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper ; 1938
    Note: "June 1998"--Cover.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC :World Bank, Policy Research Dept., Macroeconomic and Growth Division,
    UID:
    almafu_9958059959002883
    Format: 48 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper ; 1777
    Note: "March 18, 2004." , Title from title screen as viewed on March 18, 2004. , Also available in printing.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC :World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958069094402883
    Format: 28 pages : , illustrations ; , 28 cm.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper ; 2070
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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