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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid to the Services Sector : Does it Affect Manufacturing Exports? (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246470902883
    Format: 1 online resource (30 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper evaluates the impact of foreign aid to five service sectors (transportation, information and communications technologies, energy, banking/financial services, and business services) on exports of downstream manufacturing sectors in developing countries. To address the reverse causality between aid and exports, the analysis relies on an original identification strategy that exploits (i) the variation of aid flows to service sectors, and (ii) the variation of service-intensities across industrial sectors and countries using input-output data. The authors find a positive effect of aid to services, in general, on downstream manufacturing exports of developing countries across regions and income-level groups.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5728
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Signaling and technological marketing tools for exporters / (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246487902883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Besides superior productivity, what other firm characteristics are associated with export success? This empirical study identifies the effects of signaling tools (foreign technical license, International Standards Organization certification, and review of financial statements) and Internet tools (email and website) on export frequency and intensity of firms in developing countries. Using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Survey, the author finds that productivity, size, foreign ownership, International Standards Organization certification, and the use of Internet tools have positive effects on the probability of exporting and on the intensive margin of trade. International Standards Organization certified firms are 22 percent more likely to be exporters, whereas firms that use their own website to communicate with clients and suppliers increase the likelihood they export by 11 percent. Among exporting firms, those that are International Standards Organization certified sell 41 percent more abroad than firms that are not certified. Firms that use email sell 31 percent more in foreign markets than exporting firms that do not.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5547
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Product Standards on Agricultural Exports from Developing Countries / (2013)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246393802883
    Format: 1 online resource (29 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The authors create a standards restrictiveness index using newly available data on maximum residue levels of pesticides for 61 importing countries. The paper analyzes the impact that food safety standards have on international trade of agricultural products. The findings suggest that more restrictive standards are associated, on average, with a lower probability of observing trade. However, after controlling for sample selection and the proportion of exporting firms in a gravity model, the analysis finds that the effect of standards on trade intensity is indistinguishable from zero. This is consistent with the assumption that meeting stringent standards increases primarily the fixed costs of exporting. Once firms enter the market, however, standards do not impact the level of exports. The analysis also finds a greater marginal effect of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) standards on the probability of trade, relative to other countries' standards, keeping in mind however that on average BRICS standards are less restrictive. The analysis also suggests that exporters in low-income countries are more adversely affected by stricter standards.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6518
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign aid and business bottlenecks : A study of aid effectiveness (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246488002883
    Format: 1 online resource (34 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper proposes a new framework to analyze aid effectiveness. Using World Bank firm survey data and OECD aid flow data, the authors analyze whether aid targets areas that firms in developing countries have identified as obstacles for their growth and whether aid actually improves firms' perceptions of those areas. The analysis finds that aid does target the areas that firms have identified as obstacles; aid funding trade related projects is particularly effective in targeting the correct countries. For the most part, aid has a positive impact on improving firms' perceptions, particularly in the business environment. And for each target area, smaller aid disbursements tend to be more effective at improving firm perceptions than larger disbursements.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5546
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Product Standards and Firms' Export Decisions / (2015)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246514502883
    Format: 1 online resource (42 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The paper estimates the effect of product standards on firms' export decisions using two novel datasets. The first covers all exporting firms in 42 developing countries. The second covers pesticide standards for 243 agricultural and food products in 63 importing countries over 2006-12. The analysis shows that product standards significantly affect foreign market access. More restrictive standards in the importing country, relative to the exporting country, lower firms' probability of exporting as well as their export values and quantities. The relative restrictiveness of standards also deters exporting firms from entering new markets and leads to higher exit rates from those markets. Moreover, firm characteristics mediate the effect of product standards on firms' export decisions. Smaller exporters are more negatively affected in their market entry and exit decisions by the relative stringency of standards than larger exporters. Positive network effects of exporters from the same country may help reduce the burden of importing countries' standards on firms' decisions to enter new markets.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7315
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Job Creation in the Private Sector : An Exploratory Assessment of Patterns and Determinants at the Macro, Sector, and Firm Levels (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048268662
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Content: Why do some countries create more jobs than others? To consider this question, in this paper we focus on one of the most basic relationships, between growth and employment. In practice, the private sector responds very differently to growth (and decline) across countries. Understanding the patterns and drivers of private sector decisions to expand and shed jobs may be important to guide policy approaches for job creation. This paper analyzes the output-employment relationship in the context of business cycles at three levels: the macro-economy; industry (in manufacturing); and firms. The results highlight major differences in private sector job creation responsiveness to growth across stages of development and economic structures, but a critical finding is that economies (and firms) where formal sector job creation was more responsive to growth cycles generated more jobs overall. In addition, results from both the macro analysis and the sectoral analysis suggests significant complementarity between capital and labor. Finally, the findings may help to frame a broad policy agenda for job creation, including: macro-economic fundamentals, responsive labor markets, access to finance, competition, and a facilitative business regulatory environment. These are not surprising, but nevertheless frame a set of issues that could be explored in further research
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/28370
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Firm Dynamics in Aggregate Productivity, Job Flows, and Wage Inequality in Ecuador (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1885607431
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (50 pages)
    Content: This paper examines the role of firm dynamics in aggregate total factor productivity, job flows, and wage inequality in Ecuador. Utilizing a comprehensive employer-employee dataset, the paper documents firm dynamics and job flow patterns that are consistent with the presence of market distortions. Also, the paper identifies factor misallocation as the main contributor to Ecuador's total factor productivity deceleration. Given these trends, the paper explores allocative inefficiency drivers through firm- and industry-level regressions. Firms in the top productivity quintile face distortive non-wage labor costs that are 3.7 times higher than the bottom quintile, after controlling for firm size and age. The findings also provide evidence of credit misallocation across firms. Additionally, industries with higher job mobility, credit access, and competition and lower non-wage labor costs, minimum wage incidence, and zombie firms demonstrate higher allocative efficiency. Moreover, worker-level regressions indicate that misallocation drivers explain up to 41 percent of wage inequality, with non-wage labor costs and product market frictions as distortions driving this inequality
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Patino Pena, Fausto The Role of Firm Dynamics in Aggregate Productivity, Job Flows, and Wage Inequality in Ecuador Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2024
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10739
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign aid and business bottlenecks : A study of aid effectiveness (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958246488002883
    Format: 1 online resource (34 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper proposes a new framework to analyze aid effectiveness. Using World Bank firm survey data and OECD aid flow data, the authors analyze whether aid targets areas that firms in developing countries have identified as obstacles for their growth and whether aid actually improves firms' perceptions of those areas. The analysis finds that aid does target the areas that firms have identified as obstacles; aid funding trade related projects is particularly effective in targeting the correct countries. For the most part, aid has a positive impact on improving firms' perceptions, particularly in the business environment. And for each target area, smaller aid disbursements tend to be more effective at improving firm perceptions than larger disbursements.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5546
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign aid and business bottlenecks : A study of aid effectiveness (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958246488002883
    Format: 1 online resource (34 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper proposes a new framework to analyze aid effectiveness. Using World Bank firm survey data and OECD aid flow data, the authors analyze whether aid targets areas that firms in developing countries have identified as obstacles for their growth and whether aid actually improves firms' perceptions of those areas. The analysis finds that aid does target the areas that firms have identified as obstacles; aid funding trade related projects is particularly effective in targeting the correct countries. For the most part, aid has a positive impact on improving firms' perceptions, particularly in the business environment. And for each target area, smaller aid disbursements tend to be more effective at improving firm perceptions than larger disbursements.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5546
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aid to the Services Sector : Does it Affect Manufacturing Exports? (2011)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958246470902883
    Format: 1 online resource (30 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper evaluates the impact of foreign aid to five service sectors (transportation, information and communications technologies, energy, banking/financial services, and business services) on exports of downstream manufacturing sectors in developing countries. To address the reverse causality between aid and exports, the analysis relies on an original identification strategy that exploits (i) the variation of aid flows to service sectors, and (ii) the variation of service-intensities across industrial sectors and countries using input-output data. The authors find a positive effect of aid to services, in general, on downstream manufacturing exports of developing countries across regions and income-level groups.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5728
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
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