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  • 1
    UID:
    almahu_9949464980102882
    Format: 1 online resource (146 pages)
    ISBN: 9783030034993
    Series Statement: Learning Materials in Biosciences Ser.
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Science, Society, and Statistics -- About This Book -- Contents -- Part I The Essentials of Statistics -- 1 Basic Probability Theory -- Contents -- 1.1 Confusions About Basic Probabilities: Conditional Probabilities -- 1.1.1 The Basic Scenario -- 1.1.2 A Second Test -- 1.1.3 One More Example: Guillain-Barré Syndrome -- 1.2 Confusions About Basic Probabilities: The Odds Ratio -- 1.2.1 Basics About Odds Ratios (OR) -- 1.2.2 Partial Information and the World of Disease -- References -- 2 Experimental Design and the Basics of Statistics: Signal Detection Theory (SDT) -- Contents -- 2.1 The Classic Scenario of SDT -- 2.2 SDT and the Percentage of Correct Responses -- 2.3 The Empirical d -- 3 The Core Concept of Statistics -- Contents -- 3.1 Another Way to Estimate the Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 3.2 Undersampling -- 3.2.1 Sampling Distribution of a Mean -- 3.2.2 Comparing Means -- 3.2.3 The Type I and II Error -- 3.2.4 Type I Error: The p-Value is Related to a Criterion -- 3.2.5 Type II Error: Hits, Misses -- 3.3 Summary -- 3.4 An Example -- 3.5 Implications, Comments and Paradoxes -- Reference -- 4 Variations on the t-Test -- Contents -- 4.1 A Bit of Terminology -- 4.2 The Standard Approach: Null Hypothesis Testing -- 4.3 Other t-Tests -- 4.3.1 One-Sample t-Test -- 4.3.2 Dependent Samples t-Test -- 4.3.3 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests -- 4.4 Assumptions and Violations of the t-Test -- 4.4.1 The Data Need to be Independent and Identically Distributed -- 4.4.2 Population Distributions are Gaussian Distributed -- 4.4.3 Ratio Scale Dependent Variable -- 4.4.4 Equal Population Variances -- 4.4.5 Fixed Sample Size -- 4.5 The Non-parametric Approach -- 4.6 The Essentials of Statistical Tests -- 4.7 What Comes Next? -- Part II The Multiple Testing Problem -- 5 The Multiple Testing Problem -- Contents -- 5.1 Independent Tests. , 5.2 Dependent Tests -- 5.3 How Many Scientific Results Are Wrong? -- 6 ANOVA -- Contents -- 6.1 One-Way Independent Measures ANOVA -- 6.2 Logic of the ANOVA -- 6.3 What the ANOVA Does and Does Not Tell You: Post-Hoc Tests -- 6.4 Assumptions -- 6.5 Example Calculations for a One-Way Independent Measures ANOVA -- 6.5.1 Computation of the ANOVA -- 6.5.2 Post-Hoc Tests -- 6.6 Effect Size -- 6.7 Two-Way Independent Measures ANOVA -- 6.8 Repeated Measures ANOVA -- 7 Experimental Design: Model Fits, Power, and Complex Designs -- Contents -- 7.1 Model Fits -- 7.2 Power and Sample Size -- 7.2.1 Optimizing the Design -- 7.2.2 Computing Power -- 7.3 Power Challenges for Complex Designs -- 8 Correlation -- Contents -- 8.1 Covariance and Correlations -- 8.2 Hypothesis Testing with Correlations -- 8.3 Interpreting Correlations -- 8.4 Effect Sizes -- 8.5 Comparison to Model Fitting, ANOVA and t-Test -- 8.6 Assumptions and Caveats -- 8.7 Regression -- Part III Meta-analysis and the Science Crisis -- 9 Meta-analysis -- Contents -- 9.1 Standardized Effect Sizes -- 9.2 Meta-analysis -- Appendix -- Standardized Effect Sizes Beyond the Simple Case -- Extended Example of the Meta-analysis -- 10 Understanding Replication -- Contents -- 10.1 The Replication Crisis -- 10.2 Test for Excess Success (TES) -- 10.3 Excess Success from Publication Bias -- 10.4 Excess Success from Optional Stopping -- 10.5 Excess Success and Theoretical Claims -- Reference -- 11 Magnitude of Excess Success -- Contents -- 11.1 You Probably Have Trouble Detecting Bias -- 11.2 How Extensive Are These Problems? -- 11.3 What Is Going On? -- 11.3.1 Misunderstanding Replication -- 11.3.2 Publication Bias -- 11.3.3 Optional Stopping -- 11.3.4 Hypothesizing After the Results Are Known (HARKing) -- 11.3.5 Flexibility in Analyses -- 11.3.6 Misunderstanding Prediction. , 11.3.7 Sloppiness and Selective Double Checking -- 12 Suggested Improvements and Challenges -- Contents -- 12.1 Should Every Experiment Be Published? -- 12.2 Preregistration -- 12.3 Alternative Statistical Analyses -- 12.4 The Role of Replication -- 12.5 A Focus on Mechanisms.
    Additional Edition: Print version: Herzog, Michael H. Understanding Statistics and Experimental Design Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783030034986
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Psychology
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,
    UID:
    almafu_9960118530702883
    Format: 1 online resource (53 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-108-60828-0 , 1-108-60510-9 , 1-108-58299-0
    Series Statement: Cambridge elements. Elements in Perception, 2515-0502
    Content: Hypothesis testing is a common statistical analysis for empirical data generated by studies of perception, but its properties and limitations are widely misunderstood. This Element describes several properties of hypothesis testing, with special emphasis on analyses common to studies of perception. The author also describes the challenges and difficulties with using hypothesis testing to interpret empirical data. Many common applications of hypothesis testing inflate the intended Type I error rate. Other aspects of hypothesis tests have important implications for experimental design. Solutions are available for some of these difficulties, but many issues are difficult to deal with.
    Note: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 30 May 2019).
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Leiden ; Boston :Brill Nijhoff,
    UID:
    almahu_BV044208901
    Format: XXXV, 584 Seiten.
    ISBN: 978-90-04-30105-4 , 90-04-30105-4
    Series Statement: The composition of the Xiamen Academy of International Law Volume 6
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9789004306929
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-90-04-30692-9
    Language: English
    Subjects: Law
    RVK:
    Keywords: Lebensmittelrecht ; Lebensmittel ; Produktsicherheit
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G., 1942-,
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  • 4
    UID:
    almafu_BV023309556
    Format: XXIV, 1103 S.
    ISBN: 978-1-84113-724-7 , 1-84113-724-3
    Series Statement: China and international economic law series 3
    Language: English
    Subjects: Political Science
    RVK:
    Keywords: Quelle ; Quelle ; Kommentar
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G. 1942-
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  • 5
    UID:
    almafu_BV012930999
    Format: XXI, 348 S.
    ISBN: 1-84113-025-7
    Series Statement: Studies in European law and integration
    Language: English
    Subjects: Law
    RVK:
    Keywords: Europäische Integration ; Recht ; Recht ; Innerstaatliches Recht ; Völkerrecht ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G. 1942-
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  • 6
    UID:
    almahu_9948026084102882
    Format: 1 online resource (108 pages) : , illustrations
    ISBN: 0-12-800383-9
    Series Statement: Gale eBooks
    Content: Visual masking is a technique used in cognitive research to understand pre-conscious processes (e.g., priming), consciousness, visual limits, and perception issues associated with psychopathology. This work is a short format review of research using visual masking: how it's been used, and what these experiments have discovered. It's a strategic fit to our other cognitive psychology titles. Review of research using visual masking How it's been usedWhat these experiments have discovered
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Visual Masking: Studying Perception, Attention, and Consciousness; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Visual Masking: Studying Perception, Attention, and Consciousness; 1 Introduction; 2 The Concept of Masking, Varieties of Masking, and Main Theories of Masking; 3 Learning and Individual Differences in Masking; 4 Criterion Contents and Subjective Contents in Masking; 4.1 Sensitivity, Bias, and Level of Awareness; 4.2 Criterion Contents in Masking; 4.3 Subjective Reports of Visibility in Masking; 5 Masking and Attention: Pre- and Posttarget Effects; 6 Masking and Attention: OSM , 6.1 Behavioral Psychophysical Studies6.2 Psychophysiology and Neuroscience of OSM; 6.3 Modeling OSM; 6.4 Varieties of OSM Application; 7 Masking and NCC; 7.1 Masking Combined with fMRI; 7.2 Masking Combined with EEG Recordings; 7.3 Masking Combined with MEG Recordings; 7.4 Other Approaches; 8 Masked Priming and Unconscious Processing; 9 How Masking Depends on the Visual Characteristics of the Target and Mask Stimuli; 9.1 Effects of Stimuli Attributes on Masking; 9.2 Effects of Masked Stimuli on Mask Appearance , 10 Uncovering the Microgenetic Mechanisms and Stages of Visual Processing by Masking11 Novel Approaches in Masking Research; 12 Masking by TMS; 13 Modeling and Theoretical Accounts of Masking; 14 Psychopharmacological and Genetic Factors in Masking; 15 Applied Aspects of Masking Research: Medicine and Technology; 15.1 Masking Methods and Psychopathology; 15.2 Studying Masking in the Context of Medicine and Technology; 16 Generalizations and Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-800250-6
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-306-13706-3
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature | Cham :Springer International Publishing ,
    UID:
    almahu_9949460129202882
    Format: 1 online resource (XI, 142 p. 35 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st edition 2019.
    ISBN: 3-030-03499-2
    Series Statement: Learning Materials in Biosciences,
    Content: This open access textbook provides the background needed to correctly use, interpret and understand statistics and statistical data in diverse settings. Part I makes key concepts in statistics readily clear. Parts I and II give an overview of the most common tests (t-test, ANOVA, correlations) and work out their statistical principles. Part III provides insight into meta-statistics (statistics of statistics) and demonstrates why experiments often do not replicate. Finally, the textbook shows how complex statistics can be avoided by using clever experimental design. Both non-scientists and students in Biology, Biomedicine and Engineering will benefit from the book by learning the statistical basis of scientific claims and by discovering ways to evaluate the quality of scientific reports in academic journals and news outlets.
    Note: Part I -- Basic Probability Theory -- Experimental Design and the Basics of Statistics: Signal detection Theory (SDT) -- The Core Concept of Statistics -- Variations on the t-test -- PART II -- The Multiple Testing Problem -- ANOVA -- Experimental design: Model Fits, Power, and Complex Designs -- Correlation -- PART III -- Meta-analysis -- Understanding replication -- Magnitude of excess success -- Suggested improvements and challenges. , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 3-030-03498-4
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    London :Sweet & Maxwell,
    UID:
    almafu_BV000602019
    Format: XXXIV, 181 S.
    ISBN: 0-421-31880-5 , 0-421-31890-2
    Series Statement: Modern legal studies
    Language: English
    Subjects: Law
    RVK:
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Agrarrecht
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G. 1942-
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    The Hague [u.a.] :Kluwer Law Internat.,
    UID:
    almafu_BV011548290
    Format: IX, 375 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 90-411-0914-5
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Law
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Europäische Integration ; Wirtschaft ; Verfassungsrecht ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Welthandel ; Verfassung ; Sozialpolitik ; Konstitutionalismus ; Wirtschaftsverfassung ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G. 1942-
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_32582777X
    Format: XX, 304 S , graph. Darst
    ISBN: 1841132187
    Series Statement: Studies in European law and integration
    Note: Literaturangaben , Enth. 13 Beitr
    Additional Edition: Elektronische Reproduktion Regional and global regulation of international trade [Oxford] : Hart Publishing, 2002 ISBN 9781472562562
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Law
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Welthandel ; Regulierung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Author information: Snyder, Francis G. 1942-
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