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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rebalancing Turkey's growth by improving resource allocation and productivity in manufacturing (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_895396998
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1367
    Content: Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough. This paper documents the drivers of its recent growth and diversification, and the factors that have held it back. It documents its segmentation and the outsized tail of poorly performing firms, which undermines aggregate productivity growth. Low productivity eases job creation in the short term, but undermines it in the long run and holds back improvements in living standards because of competitiveness losses. A core of well-performing firms (“frontier firms”) is not growing at full potential because of shortcomings in the policy framework. Intermediary (“follower”) firms sustain competition and deliver jobs, but tend to fall behind in productivity. Lower productivity units (“laggards”), which employ a large share of the low-skilled majority of the working age population, survive mostly thanks to the incomplete enforcement of rules and regulations. The resulting stalemate requires a coherent strategy of “systemic upgrading” of the business environment. This would enable all firms to operate in compliance with the law and on a level-playing field, under supportive regulations, taxation and innovation incentives. All firms could then achieve stronger productivity gains and the most promising firms could grow faster. At the same time, a credible flexicurity system needs to be put in place that facilitates adjustment in the labour market while protecting those affected by structural change.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/c35af920-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Upgrading business investment in Turkey (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1663563306
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1532
    Content: Starting from a low level in early 2000s, Turkey’s total capital stock has since expanded rapidly, but the composition and quality of investment raises questions. This study focuses on business investment, as the main driver of physical and knowledge-based capital formation and, hence, of potential output and the material foundations of well-being. Micro data allow to distinguish four types of firms: small businesses with a high rate of informality, medium-sized family firms, large formal corporations, and skilled start-ups. The relative importance of the challenges facing these different types of firms varies, notably with respect to skill shortcomings, regulatory burdens, labour costs, access to bank lending, over-leveraging and scarce equity capital. Improving the current business environment and overcoming the fragmentation of the business sector will be crucial to upgrade the quality of business investment and to enhance the allocative efficiency of capital formation. This calls for promoting formality, best management practices, the build-up of equity capital, access to long-term bank financing and other market-based financing that can complement traditional bank lending; and a faster and more inclusive transition to the digital economy.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/537fc88b-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Firming up the capital base of the Austrian business sector : consolidating Austria's business sector strengths and its social role in the face of new challenges (2020)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1695637739
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1595
    Content: While small- and medium sized firms in Austria are generally more productive, export more, and engage more in higher technology activities than in comparable countries, they need to adapt better to the knowledge economy to maintain their relative performance levels. The capital structure of Austrian SMEs are biased towards debt-financing and stronger equity, growth and venture capital markets would provide them with further resources for their long-term knowledge based investments. Skills shortages, in particular in advanced digital technologies, should be overcome. As around one third of all SMEs are up for ownership transmissions, ensuring successful business transfers will be crucial for maintaining the broad-based entrepreneurial dynamism. Meeting these challenges would also help to lift constraints on upscaling that many SMEs face and would provide the fruitful soil for future innovative activities. This Working Paper relates to the 2019 OECD Economic Survey of Austria (http://www.oecd.org/economy/austria-economic-snapshot/)
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/d132d949-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Author information: Dlugosch, Dennis
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fostering inclusive growth in Turkey by promoting structural change in the business sector (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_815720416
    Format: Online-Ressource (46 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1161
    Content: Turkey’s business sector dynamism has underpinned broad-based and inclusive growth in the 2000s. However, the business sector is highly segmented, with a relatively small core of modern high-productivity corporations, and myriad small, less formal and low-productivity entities. This hampers efficient resource allocation and tends to entrench social inequalities. It also makes it difficult to build on-the-job human capital for the large number of low-skilled. This segmentation needs to be overcome to raise productivity in the informal, low-skill and low-productivity sector, and to facilitate resource transfers from low to higher productivity businesses. This ought to be achieved by aligning Turkey’s formal regulatory and tax framework with OECD best practice, rather than through “second-best” arrangements where noncompliance with rules co-exists with selective subsidies to parts of the formal sector. Labour market and business taxation reforms are particularly important to enable all categories of enterprises to operate flexibly on a rule-based, level playing field and to achieve productivity enhancing and socially inclusive restructuring.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx0554v07c-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Author information: Röhn, Oliver 1977-
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Austria's digital transition : the diffusion challenge (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1019724005
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1430
    Content: Austria’s transition to a digital economy and society is slower than in other high-income small open European economies. The rate and pace of utilisation of eight main ICT applications shows that Austrian firms follow peer country counterparts with a gap, which has widened in most areas in recent years. Two dynamics drive digital transitions and Austria has room for progress in both of them. First, the potential for digitalisation in all firms, and especially in the smaller ones (where gaps are largest) should be freed-up by upgrading the full range of ICT-generic, ICT-specific and ICT-complementary skills. Second, Austria needs to make its business environment more conducive to firm entry and exit. The rate of entry of new firms and their growth are crucial for the diffusion of new business models and ICT innovations but fall behind peer countries. The adoption of ICT innovations by households also follows a staggered path: young and highly educated Austrians adopt ICT applications in similar ways to their counterparts in peer countries, while middle and older age cohorts display noticeable gaps. This calls for policies to help lagging groups become more acquainted with innovations. A whole-of-government approach, including large-scale utilisation of e-government applications in enterprises and households, should help to embrace change and facilitate the flourishing of innovative businesses, work practices and lifestyles throughout Austria. This Working Paper relates to the 2017 OECD Economic Survey of Austria (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-austria.htm)
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/3b72b64e-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    UB Potsdam
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The middle income plateau : trap or springboard? (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1019725338
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1446
    Content: The mixed growth performance of emerging market economies has revived angst about a "middle-income trap". However, a forensic review of statistical evidence shows that middle-income countries “escape” to higher income levels more often than both poorer and richer countries. At the same time, growth slowdowns are also more frequent in this group. Recent econometric research confirms that the impact of economic policies on GDP growth is greater at middle than at lower and higher income levels. Middle-income countries harvest higher returns from structural reforms, but also meet special political economy obstacles in implementing them. The resulting policy divergences imply differences in performance, reflecting notably the uneven expansion of their high-productivity entrepreneurial firms. The paper highlights the channels through which performance improves when obstacles to policy innovations are overcome and reforms are implemented.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/9cba114b-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reducing macroeconomic imbalances in Turkey (2014)
    Paris : OECD, Economics Dep.
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_815720033
    Format: Online-Ressource (33 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers 1160
    Content: Turkey recovered swiftly from the global financial crisis but sizeable macroeconomic imbalances arose in the process. High consumer price inflation and a wide current account deficit are sources of vulnerability. Even though below-potential growth helps rebalancing and disinflation, these imbalances endure. The financial sector still looks resilient thanks to buffers built up mainly prior to the financial crisis. However, private sector balance sheet risks have gained prominence as leverage increased. Macroeconomic and structural policy levers need to steer a passage between robust but externally unsustainable growth and externally viable but low growth. Monetary policy needs to bring inflation and inflation expectations closer to target. Macroprudential policies could more systematically lean against capital inflows and credit cycles to reduce private sector balance sheet vulnerabilities. The fiscal stance is broadly appropriate, but compliance with a multi-year general government spending ceiling would help avoid pro-cyclical loosening in case of revenue surprises and help boost domestic saving. Overall, policies should help reduce the risk of disruptions in capital flows as monetary policy stimulus is being withdrawn in the United States.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxx055pjf0x-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Author information: Röhn, Oliver 1977-
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Austria's separate gender roles model was popular in the past, but is becoming a constraint for comprehensive wellbeing (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_875855423
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1272
    Content: Austria has a model of “separate gender roles” in work, family and life arrangements which persists despite efforts to better balance these roles. Irrespective of their education level - which is higher for new generations than men’s - the majority of women with children withdraw fully or partly from the labour force until their children reach school age, and beyond. This pattern has provided the Austrian population with generally high quality family services, but buttressed gender inequalities, and deprived society from the activation of existing talent, and therefore from additional household incomes, fiscal revenues and potential output. Gender differences in life-time career and income paths, well-being, and participation patterns in public life generate increasing dissatisfaction in growing segments of society, among both women and men.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrp2s53tglp-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unleashing the full potential of the Turkish business sector (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1770747370
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1665
    Content: Productivity in Turkey has been growing stronger than in most peer countries since 2010 but has slowed down. Despite a remarkably entrepreneurial population, business dynamism has also been less vigorous in recent years. This working paper discusses the factors behind this slowdown and analyses a wide range of structural policies that would help to revive productivity growth and unleash the full potential of the Turkish business sector. The elevated number of informal, semi-formal and fully formal forms constitutes a key impediment to higher growth and more high-quality jobs. Structural reforms that allow more flexibility in labour markets, more competition in product markets and major progress with the quality of governance would foster productivity growth, job creation but also boost the digital transformation. Streamlining and simplifying the complex system of regulations and government support schemes would prevent firms from clustering around eligibility thresholds and thus remove obstacles to the upscaling of firms.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/3a64ce1c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rationalising Public Expenditure in the Slovak Republic (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047931699
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: Over the past decade, public expenditure in Slovakia was characterised by substantial social transfers and high public sector wage expenses. This paper analyses the main features of Slovakia's public expenditure system, reviews expenditure trends, and discusses recent reform initiatives. The latter have concerned the introduction of medium-term budget projections, the switch towards performance-based budgeting, the limitation of extra-budgetary funds, the devolution of spending power to sub-central administrative units, changes to the public employment regime, and reforms of the social security system. These initiatives are critically assessed and a number of recommendations concerning implementation and further reform steps are developed ...
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/764860674818
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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    FU Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
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