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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does IDA Engage In Defensive Lending ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040618932
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (1 online resource (30 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Content: Multilateral development banks are frequently accused of "defensive lending," the practice of extending new loans purely in order to ensure that existing loans are repaid. This paper empirically examine this hypothesis using data on lending by and repayments to the International Development Association (IDA), which is the largest provider of concessional development loans to low-income countries. The authors argue that key institutional features of IDA both (i) potentially create incentives for defensive lending, and (ii) enable particularly sharp tests of the defensive lending hypothesis. The authors find that there is a surprisingly robust partial correlation between disbursements on new IDA loans and repayments on existing loans. However, a closer look at the evidence suggests that defensive lending is unlikely to be a major explanation for this partial correlation
    Note: Weitere Ausgabe: Geginat, Carolin: Does IDA Engage In Defensive Lending ?
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Geginat, Carolin Does IDA Engage In Defensive Lending ? 2007
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does IDA Engage in Defensive Lending ? / (2007)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958062361102883
    Format: 1 online resource (30 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Multilateral development banks are frequently accused of "defensive lending," the practice of extending new loans purely in order to ensure that existing loans are repaid. This paper empirically examine this hypothesis using data on lending by and repayments to the International Development Association (IDA), which is the largest provider of concessional development loans to low-income countries. The authors argue that key institutional features of IDA both (i) potentially create incentives for defensive lending, and (ii) enable particularly sharp tests of the defensive lending hypothesis. The authors find that there is a surprisingly robust partial correlation between disbursements on new IDA loans and repayments on existing loans. However, a closer look at the evidence suggests that defensive lending is unlikely to be a major explanation for this partial correlation.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4328
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does IDA Engage In Defensive Lending ? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074295
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Multilateral development banks are frequently accused of "defensive lending," the practice of extending new loans purely in order to ensure that existing loans are repaid. This paper empirically examine this hypothesis using data on lending by and repayments to the International Development Association (IDA), which is the largest provider of concessional development loans to low-income countries. The authors argue that key institutional features of IDA both (i) potentially create incentives for defensive lending, and (ii) enable particularly sharp tests of the defensive lending hypothesis. The authors find that there is a surprisingly robust partial correlation between disbursements on new IDA loans and repayments on existing loans. However, a closer look at the evidence suggests that defensive lending is unlikely to be a major explanation for this partial correlation
    Additional Edition: Geginat, Carolin Does IDA Engage In Defensive Lending ?
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electricity Connections and Firm Performance in 183 Countries / (2015)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143949602883
    Format: 1 online resource (56 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper presents new data on electricity connections for businesses in 183 economies. The data cover information on procedures, time, and cost that a small or medium size business with a moderate electricity need has to invest to obtain a new electricity connection. The study finds significant variation in the time and cost to obtain such an electricity connection across countries. In low-income countries, for instance, it takes on average nearly twice as long as in high-income countries to connect a new customer to electricity, while the cost associated with a comparable connection is 70 times higher. The study finds that the poor performance of distribution utilities in low-income countries cannot only be explained by differences in income levels. The overall level of bureaucracy appears to be another important factor. The study also finds the data to be correlated with existing measures of the effectiveness of the electricity sector, suggesting that the hurdles related to obtaining an electricity connection mirror other problems in the sector, such as the quality of electricity supply and the incidence of bribe payments. Finally, the study finds that electricity connections affect firm performance. Simpler and less costly electricity connection processes are associated with better firm performance, in particular in industries with high electricity needs, such as manufacturing motor vehicles.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7460
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transparent Government and Business Regulation : Open for Business? (2014)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246532402883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper presents new indicators for 185 economies measuring the accessibility of business regulatory information. The paper shows that the new data can serve as meaningful proxies for the overall transparency of governments and the new data have explanatory power for the quality of business regulation. The paper finds the regulatory environment to be most opaque in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa, where businesses can often only access basic regulatory information by meeting a government official. By contrast, in countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, access is more direct via websites, public billboards, and brochures. Moreover, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies are more consistent in their transparency efforts across government agencies. The paper also finds that while resources as proxied by income levels play some role in explaining why some economies make more information easily accessible than others, those resources are not the only determining factor; regardless of income, more democratic governments tend to make greater transparency efforts. Finally, easier access to basic regulatory information is associated with greater regulatory quality and less corruption.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7132
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transparent Government and Business Regulation : Open for Business? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266565
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Content: This paper presents new indicators for 185 economies measuring the accessibility of business regulatory information. The paper shows that the new data can serve as meaningful proxies for the overall transparency of governments and the new data have explanatory power for the quality of business regulation. The paper finds the regulatory environment to be most opaque in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa, where businesses can often only access basic regulatory information by meeting a government official. By contrast, in countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, access is more direct via websites, public billboards, and brochures. Moreover, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies are more consistent in their transparency efforts across government agencies. The paper also finds that while resources as proxied by income levels play some role in explaining why some economies make more information easily accessible than others, those resources are not the only determining factor; regardless of income, more democratic governments tend to make greater transparency efforts. Finally, easier access to basic regulatory information is associated with greater regulatory quality and less corruption
    Additional Edition: Geginat, Carolin Transparent Government and Business Regulation
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7132
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electricity Connections and Firm Performance in 183 Countries (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048270051
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper presents new data on electricity connections for businesses in 183 economies. The data cover information on procedures, time, and cost that a small or medium size business with a moderate electricity need has to invest to obtain a new electricity connection. The study finds significant variation in the time and cost to obtain such an electricity connection across countries. In low-income countries, for instance, it takes on average nearly twice as long as in high-income countries to connect a new customer to electricity, while the cost associated with a comparable connection is 70 times higher. The study finds that the poor performance of distribution utilities in low-income countries cannot only be explained by differences in income levels. The overall level of bureaucracy appears to be another important factor. The study also finds the data to be correlated with existing measures of the effectiveness of the electricity sector, suggesting that the hurdles related to obtaining an electricity connection mirror other problems in the sector, such as the quality of electricity supply and the incidence of bribe payments. Finally, the study finds that electricity connections affect firm performance. Simpler and less costly electricity connection processes are associated with better firm performance, in particular in industries with high electricity needs, such as manufacturing motor vehicles
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Geginat, Carolin Electricity Connections and Firm Performance in 183 Countries Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7460
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Firm Capabilities Holding Back Firms in Mozambique? / (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960054839802883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Firm capabilities-the abilities and practices to operate and innovate-are considered important drivers of firm performance. While the analysis of their importance is well established in developed countries, its study in the African context is more recent. The paper uses a new representative sample of enterprises in Mozambique comprising data on management and organizational practices, as well as skills, to study the importance of firm capabilities in Mozambique. The analysis suggests that the private sector in Mozambique scores below other developing countries in all dimensions of firm capabilities. Enterprises engaging in more contractual relationships demonstrate stronger firm capabilities. Firm capabilities are key drivers of performance; controlling for other input factors, firms in Mozambique with better firm capabilities perform better. The relationship is robust to various measures of performance and to including various firm and manager characteristics. The analysis finds that for smaller firms, non-exporters, and female-owned enterprises, their gap in business performance can be explained by differences in management practices. The results suggest Mozambique should explore mechanisms of expanding firm capabilities in targeted types of firms.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9724
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informal Firms in Mozambique : Status and Potential (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960054841002883
    Format: 1 online resource (37 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In most countries in Africa, the informal sector is large and exhibits low levels of productivity compared to the formal economy: informal firms are typically small, inefficient, and run by entrepreneurs with low levels of education. This paper presents novel representative firm-level data collected on informal firms in the three largest cities of Mozambique, as well as data of microenterprises, formally registered businesses with less than 5 employees, the segment of the private sector that compares best to informal firms. Compared to formal microenterprises, informal firms sell about 14 times less, make 17 times lower profits and are 2-3 times less productive. Almost two-thirds (61 percent) of these performance gaps can be explained by differences in firm characteristics: informal firms are smaller and have limited skills, adapt fewer good business practices, use less capital and production inputs and are less likely to have access to finance. The rest of the productivity gap is explained by differential returns. Despite this "duality" between formality and informality, there is nevertheless a small but significant group of informal enterprises (7.6 percent of informal firms, representing 10.6 percent of employment in the informal sector) that in their characteristics and productivity levels are similar to formal microenterprises. Policies should take this heterogeneity into account.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9712
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Firm Capabilities Holding Back Firms in Mozambique? (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049081312
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)
    Content: Firm capabilities-the abilities and practices to operate and innovate-are considered important drivers of firm performance. While the analysis of their importance is well established in developed countries, its study in the African context is more recent. The paper uses a new representative sample of enterprises in Mozambique comprising data on management and organizational practices, as well as skills, to study the importance of firm capabilities in Mozambique. The analysis suggests that the private sector in Mozambique scores below other developing countries in all dimensions of firm capabilities. Enterprises engaging in more contractual relationships demonstrate stronger firm capabilities. Firm capabilities are key drivers of performance; controlling for other input factors, firms in Mozambique with better firm capabilities perform better. The relationship is robust to various measures of performance and to including various firm and manager characteristics. The analysis finds that for smaller firms, non-exporters, and female-owned enterprises, their gap in business performance can be explained by differences in management practices. The results suggest Mozambique should explore mechanisms of expanding firm capabilities in targeted types of firms
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9724
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
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