UID:
edoccha_9961089912802883
Format:
1 online resource (393 pages) :
,
illustrations
ISBN:
0-12-813581-6
Note:
Front Cover -- Scattering Methods and Their Application in Colloid and Interface Science -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Interference, Rayleigh-Debye-Gans Theory -- Interference of Scattered Waves -- Rayleigh-Debye-Gans Theory -- Assembly of Discrete Scatterers -- Dilute Systems -- Monodisperse, Dilute Systems: Form Factor -- From Fields to Intensities and Spatial Averaging -- The Pair−Distance Distribution Function -- Correlation Length and Chord Distribution -- Other Books Covering This Field -- 2 General Theorems and Special Cases -- The Radius of Gyration and the Guinier Approximation -- Final Slope of the Scattering Curve, Porod Law -- Particles With Spherical Symmetry -- Rectangular Prisms -- Rod-Like Particles and Cylinders -- Flat Lamellar Particles -- Aggregates -- Polydisperse Systems -- Conclusion -- 3 The Inverse Scattering Problem -- Monodisperse Systems: Shape of Homogeneous Particles -- Globular Particles -- Rod-like Particles -- Flat Particles -- Hollow and Inhomogeneous Particles: Scattering Functions and PDDFs -- Hollow Spheres -- Inhomogeneous Spherical Particles -- Inhomogeneous Rod-like Particles -- Axial Inhomogeneity -- Inhomogeneous Lamellar Particles -- Strictly Monodisperse Spherical Vesicles -- Direct Methods for Structure Determination -- Spherical Symmetry -- Circular Cylinders and Symmetric Lamellae -- Oligomers, Aggregates -- Scattering from Polymer Chains -- Scattering From Proteins -- Scattering From Fractals -- Fractals -- Small-Angle Scattering From Fractals -- Evaluation of Parameters -- Geometrical Parameters -- Apparent "Variation of the Invariant" -- Material Parameters -- Conclusion -- 4 Concentration Effects, Interactions -- Introduction, Structure Factor -- Microstructure and Scattering -- Ornstein-Zernike Equation and Closure Relations -- Effect of Polydispersity -- Lamellar Phases.
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Hexagonal Phases -- Conclusion -- Other Books Covering This Field -- 5 Absolute Intensity, SAXS, and SANS -- Scattering Cross-Section, Scattering Length -- Molecular Weight -- Particles of Arbitrary Shape -- Rod-like Particles: Mass per Unit Length -- Planar, Lamellar Particles: Mass per Unit Area -- Scattering Length Densities -- Spherical Symmetry -- Rods With Circular Cross-Section -- Lamellar Particles With Symmetric Density Profiles -- Volume of a Particle -- Surface of a Particle, Specific Surface -- Conclusion -- 6 Contrast Variation -- The Contrast -- Selective Deuteration -- Increasing a Contrast -- Decreasing a Contrast -- Contrast Matching -- Creation of Contrast -- Label Triangulation -- Anomalous Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering -- Spin Contrast Variation -- Conclusion -- 7 Instrumentation for SAXS and SANS -- X-Rays -- Optimum Sample Thickness -- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Cameras -- Pinhole or Slit Cameras -- The Block Camera -- Comparison of Pinhole and Block Cameras -- Göbel Mirrors -- The Bonse-Hart Camera -- Mathematical Description of the Instrumental Effects -- Influence of the Size of the Detector -- Detector Length -- Detector Slit Width -- Measurement of the Beam Profiles P(t) and Q(x) -- The Wavelength Effect -- Neutrons -- Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Cameras -- Conclusion -- 8 Numerical Methods -- Primary Data Handling -- Normalization -- Averaging -- Binning or Funneling -- Subtraction -- Extrapolation to Zero Concentration -- Guinier Approximation -- Porod Extrapolation -- Invariant -- Graphics -- Plot of Residuals -- Smoothing, Desmearing, and Fourier Transformation -- The Indirect Fourier Transformation Method -- Basic Principles of the IFT Method -- Stabilization -- Choice of Dmax -- Resolution -- Special Transformations, IFT for Rod-like, Lamellar, or Polydisperse Systems -- Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation.
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Form Factor and Structure Factor -- Convergence -- Charged Systems -- Lamellar Systems -- Convolution Square Root -- Principles -- Example -- Calculation of Model Functions -- Conclusion -- 9 Static Light Scattering From Small Particles -- Static Light Scattering From Small Particles: Rayleigh-Debye-Gans Scattering -- Fluctuations Theory for Real, Diluted Solutions -- Consideration of the Size of the Particles: P(θ) -- The Zimm Plot -- Polydisperse Systems -- Conclusion -- Other Books Covering This Field -- 10 Light Scattering From Large Particles: Lorenz−Mie Theory -- Solution of the Inverse Scattering Problem for Homogeneous Monodisperse Systems -- Spherical Particles -- Nonspherical Particles (Spheroids With Elliptical Cross-section) -- Prolate Spheroids -- Oblate Spheroid -- Inhomogeneous Particles -- Static Light Scattering From Polydisperse Systems -- Multiple Scattering -- Experimental Set-up -- Conclusion -- Other Books Covering This Field -- 11 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) -- Light Scattering From Diffusing Particles -- Fluctuations, Time Correlation -- Homodyne Method -- Diffusion and Correlation Function -- Laser Beam and Coherence Area -- Single-Mode and Few-Mode Fibers -- Some Practical Aspects -- Heterodyne Method -- Beating of Waves -- Power Spectrum -- Particles in a Constant Flow, Heterodyne Experiment -- Signal Recording and Sample Time -- Polydisperse Systems -- Inverse Laplace Transformation -- Cumulant Method -- Lin-Log Plot of the Correlation Function -- Depolarized Dynamic Light Scattering -- Rotational Diffusion Coefficient, Θ -- Concentration Effects -- Multiple Scattering, Cross-Correlation Techniques -- Electrophoretic Dynamic Light Scattering -- Measuring Cell for Electrophoretic Dynamic Light Scattering -- Evaluation of Electrophoretic Dynamic Light Scattering Experiments -- Application Example -- Non-Ergodic Systems.
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From Time to Ensemble Average: Pusey-van Megen Method -- Brute Force Method -- Echo-Dynamic Light Scattering -- Multispeckle Dynamic Light Scattering -- Conclusion -- Other Books Covering This Field -- 12 Dilute Systems: Practical Aspects-Applications -- Practical Aspects of Measurements -- Preliminary Data Treatment -- Guinier and Porod Plots -- Background -- Scattering Curve and Pair−Distance Distribution Function -- Indirect Fourier Transformation Method -- Radius of Gyration and Scattering Intensity at Zero Angle, Determined From PDDF -- Non-Equidistant Splines in Indirect Fourier Transformation -- Application of Small-Angle Scattering to Self-Assembling Systems -- Non-Ionic Surfactants -- Block Copolymers -- Specific Surface, S/V -- Sizing of Nanoparticles by Using Small-Angle Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering -- Combination of Static and Dynamic Light Scattering, Discrimination of Large Impurities -- Dynamic Light Scattering and Static Light Scattering Measurements in a Flow -- 13 Concentrated, Interacting Systems: Practical Aspects, Applications -- Introduction -- Application of the Generalized Indirect Fourier Transformation Method, Uncharged, Hard-Sphere Systems -- Micelles -- Microemulsions -- Emulsions Studied by Static Light Scattering and Ultra-Small-Angle Neutron (USANS) Experiments -- Charged Systems -- Systems With Attractive Interaction -- Bicontinuous Systems: Applicability of the GIFT Method, Comparison With Teubner-Strey Model -- Further General Aspects of Interacting Systems -- Special Situation of Interacting Systems With Low Overall Contrast -- 14 Glasses, Liquid Crystals, and Gels -- Glassy System Formed by Block Copolymer Micelles -- Dense Emulsions -- Liquid Crystals -- Lamellar Phases -- Importance of the Contrast in Liquid Crystals -- SAXS Versus SANS -- Nonlamellar Liquid Crystals.
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Mixing of Dispersions of Nonlamellar Liquid Crystals, Transfer Kinetics -- Liquid Crystal Dispersions Embedded in a Hydrogel -- Appendix -- The Lorentz Model (Weight on a Spring) -- Vocabulary of Wave Motion -- Weight on a Spring -- Steady-State Response, Forced Oscillation -- Canonical Ensemble -- Grand Canonical Ensemble -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 0-12-813580-8
Language:
English
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