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  • 1
    UID:
    almahu_9947362548202882
    Format: XVIII, 227 p. 152 illus., 126 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9783319225128
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 10
    Content: The book outlines principal milestones in the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans and biosphere during the last 4 million years in relation with the evolution from primates to the genus Homo – which uniquely mastered the ignition and transfer of fire. The advent of land plants since about 420 million years ago ensued in flammable carbon-rich biosphere interfaced with an oxygen-rich atmosphere. Born on a flammable Earth surface, under increasingly unstable climates descending from the warmer Pliocene into the deepest ice ages of the Pleistocene, human survival depended on both—biological adaptations and cultural evolution, mastering fire as a necessity. This allowed the genus to increase entropy in nature by orders of magnitude. Gathered around camp fires during long nights for hundreds of thousandth of years, captivated by the flickering life-like dance of the flames, humans developed imagination, insights, cravings, fears, premonitions of death and thereby aspiration for immortality, omniscience, omnipotence and the concept of god. Inherent in pantheism was the reverence of the Earth, its rocks and its living creatures, contrasted by the subsequent rise of monotheistic sky-god creeds which regard Earth as but a corridor to heaven. Once the climate stabilized in the early Holocene, since about ~7000 years-ago production of excess food by Neolithic civilization along the Great River Valleys has allowed human imagination and dreams to express themselves through the construction of monuments to immortality. Further to burning large part of the forests, the discovery of combustion and exhumation of carbon from the Earth’s hundreds of millions of years-old fossil biospheres set the stage for an anthropogenic oxidation event, affecting an abrupt shift in state of the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere system. The consequent ongoing extinction equals the past five great mass extinctions of species—constituting a geological event horizon in the history of planet Earth.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319225111
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
    RVK:
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    UID:
    almahu_9947362701802882
    Format: XIV, 238 p. 107 illus., 79 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9783319079080
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 9
    Content: Determinations of the age of the Earth as 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (Ga) leave large part of its earliest history unknown. Isotopic and geochemical signatures in rocks as old as ~4.0 Ga indicate an evolutionary trend from mafic-ultramafic crust to tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG)-dominated micro continental nuclei. To date signatures of the 3.95 – 3.85 Ga Late heavy Bombardment (LHB), manifested by the lunar Mare, have not been discovered on Earth. Recent discoveries of near to 14 Archaean impact ejecta units up to 3.48 Ga-old intercalated with volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the Barberton and Pilbara greenstone belts, including clusters about 3.25 – 3.22 Ga and 2.63 – 2.48 Ga in age, may represent terrestrial vestiges of an extended LHB. The interval of ~3.25 – 3.22 Ga-ago emerges as a major break in Archaean crustal evolution when major asteroid bombardment resulted in faulting, large scale uplift, intrusion of granites and an abrupt shift from crustal conditions dominated by mafic-ultramafic crust associated with emplacement of TTG plutons, to semi-continental nuclei represented by arenites, turbidites, conglomerate, banded iron formations and felsic volcanics. At this stage pre-3.2 Ga dome-structured granite-greenstone systems were largely replaced by linear accretional granite-greenstone systems such as the Superior Province in Canada, Yilgarn Craton and the western Pilbara Craton, compared by some authors to circum-Pacific arc-trench settings. A fundamental geotectonic transformation is consistent with the increasing role of garnet fractionation as indicated by Al-depleted and plagioclase-enriched magmatic compositions, suggesting cooler high P/T (pressure/temperature) mantle and crustal magma sources, consistent with development of subduction. A concentration of large impacts during 2.63 – 2.48 Ga potentially accounts for peak magmatic events culminating the Archaean era. However, strict comparisons between the Archaean systems and modern Arc-trench geotectonic setting will be shown to be unwarranted. The book provides an excursion through granite-greenstone terrains, and to a lesser extent high-grade metamorphic terrains, focusing on relic primary features including volcanic, sedimentary, petrological, geochemical and paleontological elements, with the aim of elucidating the nature of original environments and processes which dominated environments in which early life forms have emerged. By contrast to uniformitarian models, which take little or no account of repeated impacts of large asteroid clusters and their effects during ~3.47 – 2.48 Ga, the Archaean geological record is consistent with the theory of asteroid impact-triggered volcanic activity originally advanced by D.H. Green in 1972 and 1981.
    Note: Preface -- Field features of Archaean greenstone terrains -- Archaean Volcanism -- Archaean Plutonism -- Asteroid and comet impacts.-Archaean sedimentation -- Early life forms -- Secular geochemical trends -- Global Archaean tectonics -- Archaean crustal evolution – a synthesis.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319079073
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Cover
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham, Switzerland :Springer,
    UID:
    almafu_BV046975078
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 134 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    ISBN: 978-3-030-54734-9
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-54733-2
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    UID:
    almahu_9947362671902882
    Format: XIV, 174 p. 90 illus., 85 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9789400773325
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences,
    Content: Unique among all creatures, further to the increase in its cranial volume from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens, the use of tools and cultural and scientific creativity, the genus Homo is distinguished by the mastery of fire, which since about two million years ago has become its blueprint.  Through the Holocene and culminating in the Anthropocene, the burning of much of the terrestrial vegetation, excavation and combustion of fossil carbon from up to 420 million years-old biospheres, are leading to a global oxidation event on a geological scale, a rise in entropy in nature and the sixth mass extinction of species.
    Note: Early atmosphere-biosphere systems -- Palaeozoic and Mesozoic atmospheres -- Cenozoic atmospheres and early Hominins -- A flammable biosphere -- Homo Prometheus: a fire species -- Climate and Holocene civilizations -- Homo sapiens’ war against nature -- An uncharted climate territory -- Homo Prometheus.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789400773318
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    UID:
    almahu_9948613601302882
    Format: XI, 134 p. 75 illus., 70 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030547349
    Content: With the advent of global warming and the nuclear arms race, humans are rapidly approaching a moment of truth. Technologically supreme, they manifest their dreams and nightmares in the real world through science, art, adventures and brutal wars, a paradox symbolized by a candle lighting the dark yet burning away to extinction, as discussed in this book. As these lines are being written, fires are burning on several continents, the Earth's ice sheets are melting and the oceans are rising, threatening to flood the planet's coastal zones and river valleys, where civilization arose and humans live and grow food. With the exception of birds like hawks, black kites and fire raptors, humans are the only life form utilizing fire, creating developments they can hardly control. For more than a million years, gathered around campfires during the long nights, mesmerized by the flickering life-like dance of the flames, prehistoric humans acquired imagination, a yearning for omnipotence, premonitions of death, cravings for immortality and conceiving the supernatural. Humans live in realms of perceptions, dreams, myths and legends, in denial of critical facts, waking up for a brief moment to witness a world that is as beautiful as it is cruel. Existentialist philosophy offers a way of coping with the unthinkable. Looking into the future produces fear, an instinctive response that can obsess the human mind and create a conflict between the intuitive reptilian brain and the growing neocortex, with dire consequences. As contrasted with Stapledon's Last and first Man, where an advanced human species mourns the fate of the Earth, Homo sapiens continues to transfer every extractable molecule of carbon from the Earth to the atmosphere, the lungs of the biosphere, ensuring the demise of the planetary life support system.".
    Note: Prologue: From Homo Prometheus to Terra Incognita -- Greenhouse gases and mass extinction of species -- The K-T impact-triggered hyperthermal event -- The Paleocene-Eocene boundary Thermal Maximum -- Cenozoic climates -- Human origins -- Fire and human intelligence -- The Gods and the death cult -- The war against the forests -- Fatal energies -- The Anthropocene hyperthermal Collapse of the Earth's life support systems -- The Fatal species -- An Epilogue.
    In: Springer Nature eBook
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030547332
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030547356
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030547363
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing, | Cham :Springer.
    UID:
    almafu_BV047390480
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 129 p. 84 illus., 71 illus. in color).
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021
    ISBN: 978-3-030-75468-6
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-75467-9
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-75469-3
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-75470-9
    Language: English
    Keywords: Philosophische Anthropologie ; Schwarmintelligenz ; Umweltschaden ; Klimaänderung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    UID:
    almahu_9947545781502882
    Format: XXII, 215 p. 130 illus., 109 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9783319745459
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, 14
    Content: This book presents a comprehensive overview of Australian impact structures and related mineralization, including a discussion of the significance of many of these structures for crustal evolution. The book focuses in particular on Archaean impact ejecta/fallout units in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, large exposed and buried impact structures, and on the geophysical evidence for possible to probable impact structures. Thanks to their long-term geological stability, Precambrian and younger terrains in the Australian continent contain 38 confirmed impact structures and 43 ring and dome structures, many of which constitute possible to probable asteroid impact structures. The impact structures have been the subject of more than half a century of studies and range from several tens of meter-large craters to buried structures larger than 100 km in diameter. Discoveries of impact fallout units in the Pilbara Craton have defined the Pilbara as one of the two best documented terrains where Archaean impact ejecta/fallout deposits are identified, the other terrain being the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa. A synthesis of evidence from both cratons indicates periods of large asteroid bombardments during ~3.47 – 2.48 billion years-ago, including peak bombardment about 3.25—3.22 billion years-ago. The latter period coincides with an abrupt transformation of an early Archaean granite-greenstone crust to mid to late Archaean semi-continental crustal regimes, underpinning the significance of heavy asteroid impact events for crustal evolution. Apart from proven impact structures, Australian terrains display a range of circular features, including morphological and drainage rings, circular lakes, volcanic craters, tectonic domes, oval granite bodies, mafic igneous plugs, salt diapirs, and magnetic, gravity and seismic anomalies, many of which are of a likely impact origin. Thermal and hydrothermal processes associated with impact cratering bear important consequences for the formation of mineral deposits, such as Ni at Sudbury, Pb-Zn at Siljan and Kentland. Impact structures may also provide sites for the accumulation of hydrocarbons, whereas in some instances fracturing associated with impact structures allows outward migration of oil and gas.
    Note: 1. Introduction -- 2. Asteroid Impacts in Time and Space -- 3. Criteria for Identification of Asteroid Impact Events -- 4. Asteroid Impacts in Time -- 5. Australian Asteroid Impacts -- 6. Asteroid Impacts and Ore Genesis -- 7. Asteroid and Crustal Evolution.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783319745442
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer,
    UID:
    almafu_BV044432463
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 154 p. 62 illus., 61 illus. in color).
    ISBN: 978-3-319-57237-6
    Series Statement: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences volume 13
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-57236-9
    Language: English
    Subjects: Geography
    RVK:
    Keywords: Anthropozän ; Ökologie ; Humanität ; Anthropogener Einfluss ; Umweltethik
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    UID:
    almahu_9947988598602882
    Format: XII, 149 p. 54 illus., 46 illus. in color. , online resource.
    ISBN: 9789400763289
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences,
    Content: When in 1981 Louis and Walter Alvarez, the father and son team, unearthed a tell-tale Iridium-rich sedimentary horizon at the 65 million years-old Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Gubbio, Italy, their find heralded a paradigm shift in the study of terrestrial evolution.  Since the 1980s the discovery and study of asteroid impact ejecta in the oldest well-preserved terrains of Western Australia and South Africa, by Don Lowe, Gary Byerly, Bruce Simonson, the author and others, and the documentation of new exposed and buried impact structures in several continents, led to a resurgence of the idea of the catastrophism theory of Cuvier, earlier largely supplanted by the uniformitarian theory of Hutton and Lyell. Several mass extinction of species events are known to have occurred in temporal proximity to large asteroid impacts, global volcanic eruptions and continental splitting. Likely links are observed between asteroid clusters and at 580 Ma, end-Devonian, end-Triassic and end-Jurassic extinctions. New discoveries of ~3.5 Ga-old impact fallout units in South Africa have led Lowe and Byerly to propose a protracted continuation of the Late Heavy Bombardment (~3.95-3.85 Ga) in the Earth-Moon system. Given the difficulty in identifying asteroid impact ejecta units and buried impact structures, it is likely new discoveries of impact signatures are in store, which would further profoundly alter models of terrestrial evolution.
    Note: 1. A paradigm shift in Earth science -- 2. Encounters in space --  3. Lunar impacts and the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) in the Earth-Moon system -- 4. Impact cratering and ejecta dynamics -- 5. Identification of impact structures --  6. Impact ejecta and fallout units --   7. Extraterrestrial geochemical, isotopic and mineralogical signatures --  8. Precambrian asteroid impacts -- 9. Very large impact structures -- 10. Asteroid impact clusters and isotopic age peaks -- 11. Australian large asteroid impact and possible impact structures -- 12. Impacts and mass extinctions -- 13. Uniformitarian models and the role of asteroid impacts in Earth evolution -- 14. The current danger -- Index.
    In: Springer eBooks
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789400763296
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789400763272
    Language: English
    URL: Cover
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham, Switzerland :Springer,
    UID:
    edoccha_BV046975078
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 134 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme.
    ISBN: 978-3-030-54734-9
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-54733-2
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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