UID:
almafu_9960117957802883
Format:
1 online resource (xxx, 600 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
ISBN:
1-108-50560-0
,
1-108-51454-5
,
0-511-89556-9
Series Statement:
Cambridge manuals in archaeology
Content:
Applied Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology provides the most up-to-date information on soil science and its applications in archaeology. Based on more than three decades of investigations and experiments, the volume demonstrates how description protocols and complimentary methods (SEM/EDS, microprobe, micro-FTIR, bulk soil chemistry, micro- and macrofossils) are used in interpretations. It also focuses on key topics, such as palaeosols, cultivation, and occupation surfaces, and introduces a range of current issues, such as site inundation, climate change, settlement morphology, herding, trackways, industrial processes, funerary features, and site transformation. Structured around important case studies, Applied Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology is thoroughly-illustrated, with color plates and figures, tables and other ancillary materials on its website (www.cambridge.org/9781107011380); chapter appendices can be accessed separately using the web (www.geoarchaeology.info/asma). This new book will serve as an essential volume for all archaeological inquiry about soil.
Note:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Jan 2018).
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Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Background Approach and Methods -- 1 Applied Principles from Geology and Soil Science -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Sediment Types and Geological Processes -- 1.3 Facies and Microfacies -- 1.4 Examples of Sedimentary Geology -- 1.4.1 Calcium Carbonate Features and Inclusions -- 1.5 Coastal and Terrestrial Soil-Sediments Examples -- 1.6 Soils -- 1.7 Soils and Experiments, Including Archaeological Reconstructions and History of Research -- 1.8 Reference Materials and Their Study -- 1.9 Fieldwork, Sampling and Laboratory Processing -- 1.10 Conclusions -- 2 Complementary Analyses -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Macro- and Microfossil Studies (Including In Situ Identifications) -- 2.2.1 In Situ Thin Section Identifications -- 2.3 Soil Micromorphology and Associated Chemical, Macro-, and Microfossil Studies -- 2.3.1 Combined Soil Micromorphology and Bulk Samples Studies -- 2.4 Use of Instrumental Methods -- 2.4.1 SEM/EDS, X-Ray Microprobe, and Image Analysis -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Systematic Soil Micromorphology Description -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development of Soil Micromorphology Description -- 3.3 Sample Listing and Organization -- 3.4 Observational Steps -- 3.4.1 Macro-Observations -- 3.4.2 Microscopic Studies -- 3.4.3 Systematic Description and Analysis -- 3.4.3.1 Organizing and Recording a Systematic Description -- 3.4.3.2 Data Presentation -- 3.4.3.3 Description Subheadings (Column 3) -- Homogeneity and Heterogeneity -- Structure and Microstructure -- Coarse and Fine Components (Including Anthropogenic Materials) -- Pedofeatures -- 3.5 Estimations and Numerical Data -- 3.6 Recording Soil Micromorphology -- 3.6.1 Photomicrographs.
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3.7 Conclusions -- Part II Soils and Sediments -- 4 Soils and Burial (Horizon Types and Effects of Burial in the Temperate and Boreal Regions) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Mull Humus Horizons and their Variants, and Effects of Burial -- 4.2.1 Rendzinas from Archaeological Sites -- 4.2.2 Poorly Drained Soil with Mull Humus Horizons -- 4.2.3 Mull Horizons and Effects of Burial - Conclusions -- 4.3 Moder and Mor Humus Topsoils, and Effects of Burial -- 4.3.1 Archaeological Examples (Lowland Heath) -- 4.3.2 Moder Humus under Boreal Conifer Forest (Umeå, North Sweden) -- 4.3.3 Mor Humus and Surface Peat Formed in Upland Grassland Moors -- 4.4 Upper Subsoils -- 4.4.1 A2/E (Ea) Upper Subsoils of Podzols -- 4.4.2 A2/E (Eb) Upper Subsoils of Argillic Soils (Alfisols, Luvisols) -- 4.5 Subsoils -- 4.5.1 Argillic Bt Horizons -- 4.5.2 Spodic Bh/Bs Horizons -- 4.5.3 Gleyed Bg Horizons (and Some Effects of Gleying on Archaeological Deposits) -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 5 Soil-Sediments -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Alluvium and Alluvial Soils -- 5.2.1 Examples from England -- 5.2.2 Alluvial Gley Soil Formation in South-West England -- Soil Formation in Fine Alluvium(Bristol, UK) -- 5.2.3 Alluvial examples from Norway, China, Korea, and Djibouti -- Imjin and Hantan Rivers, Korea, with Special Reference to Chongokni -- Alluvial "Sheet Wash -- " Djibouti, Horn of Africa -- 5.3 Colluvium -- 5.3.1 Pleistocene Colluvium -- 5.3.2 Examples from Early Pleistocene Gorge, Tanzania and Middle Pleistocene Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK -- Olduvai Gorge -- Boxgrove -- Unit 5c - A Narrow Area of Colluvium Containing Artifacts -- Unit 8, the Chalk Pellet Gravel "Chipping Surface" -- Unit 11, Head Gravels and Silt Beds - Further "Chipping Surfaces" -- 5.4 Colluvial Palaeosols - Examples from Last Late Glacial Windermere (~Allerød) Interstadial, UK -- 5.4.1 White Horse Stone, Kent.
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5.4.2 Westhampnett, West Sussex -- An in situ "Allerød" (Lake Windermere Interstadial) Palaeosol - King Arthur's Cave, Herefordshire -- 5.5 Examples of Colluvia Resulting from Clearance and Agriculture (e.g., Hillwash) -- 5.5.1 Clearance Colluvium -- 5.5.2 Arable Colluvium (e.g., "Hillwash") -- 5.6 Ponds, Lakes and Associated Wetland -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 6 Inundated Freshwater and Coastal Marine Sites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Inundation by Freshwater (Upper Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic Three Ways Wharf, Uxbridge... -- 6.3 Inundation by Freshwater at Sites Later Affected by Marine Alluviation (Lower Thames Valley and the Fens, UK) -- 6.4 Experimental Marine Inundation at Wallasea Island, Essex -- 6.4.1 Soil Micromorphology -- 6.5 General Effects of Marine Inundation (Archaeological Sites on the River Blackwater and River Severn) -- 6.6 Sediment Ripening and Freshwater Inundation at Boxgrove (Units 4b, 4c, and 5a) -- 6.6.1 Unit 4b (Unit 4 is an Overall 0.6 m Thick at GTP 13) -- 6.6.2 Unit 4c (Mainly 40 mm Thick with Rare Areas 90-120 mm Thick) -- 6.6.3 Unit 5a (Normally Approximately 10 mm Thick, Rarely 20 mm Thick -- Exceptionally 100 mm Thick at Borehole Site BH5) -- 6.6.4 Unit 5a at Borehole BH5 (Slindon) -- 6.7 The Middle Pleistocene Kirkhill Quarry Palaeosol, Buchan, Scotland -- 6.8 Conclusions -- Part III Archaeological Materials -- 7 Archaeological Materials and Deposits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Constructional Materials -- 7.2.1 The Use of Natural Building Materials -- Natural Soils and Sediments Employed in Construction -- Turf -- Investigating the History of Monuments -- 7.2.2 Ground-Raising Constructional Materials -- Soil Slabs, Leveling Dumps, and Earth Mounds (Including Tells) -- Earth Mounds -- 7.2.3 "Earth" and "Clay" Floors, Surfaces, and Walls (Adobe and Daub) -- Organic Floor Coverings (e.g., Mats and Planks).
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7.3 Prepared Constructional Materials -- 7.3.1 Little-Altered Materials -- 7.3.2 Prepared "Clay" Floors and Earth-Based Constructional Materials (Including Daub and Adobe) -- Lime and Gypsum Plasters and Mortar -- 7.4 Some Effects of Fire on Building Materials and Archaeological Deposits in General -- 7.5 Industrial, Material Processing and Artisan Activity Traces -- 7.5.1 Two Sites (Numbers Nine and Eleven) along the E18 Highway Project, Vestfold, Norway -- 7.5.2 Salt Working -- 7.5.3 Metal Working Remains -- 7.5.4 Non-Ferrous Metal Working Traces -- 7.5.5 Food Processing -- 7.6 Fecal Waste (Coprolites, Dung, Excrement, and Cess) -- 7.6.1 Introduction -- 7.6.2 Herbivores -- 7.6.3 Ominivores -- 7.6.4 Canids (Dogs -- with Coyote, Fox, and Wolves?) -- 7.6.5 Carnivores -- 7.6.6 Bat and Bird Guano -- 7.6.7 Human Waste -- Identification of Human Coprolites -- Cess (Cess Pit and Latrine Deposits) -- 7.7 Conclusions -- Part IV Features and Activities in the Landscape -- 8 First Records of Human Activity -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sampling Strategies in Sites Where Natural Processes Predominate ... -- 8.3 The Freshwater Occupation Pond Sediments at Boxgrove, UK (e.g., Units 3 4.3c and 8ac at Quarry 1B) -- 8.4 Southfleet Elephant site, Ebbsfleet, Kent -- 8.5 Open Air Sites (Camps and Middens) -- 8.5.1 Inferred Occupation Impact -- 8.5.2 Burnt Mounds, Cooking Pits, "Kitchen Middens," and Hearths -- 8.6 Conclusions -- 9 Clearance and Cultivation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Clearance -- 9.2.1 Introduction -- 9.2.2 Examples of Atlantic Period Natural Tree-Throw ("Blow-Downs") -- 9.2.3 Slash-and-Burn Experiment (Bagböle Experimental Farm, Umeå, North Sweden) and Boreal Woodland Clearance -- 9.2.4 Clearance on Flatland and Low Slope Sites -- 9.2.5 Clearance on Sloping and Receiving Sites -- 9.3 Cultivation -- 9.3.1 Introduction.
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9.3.2 Microfabric and Pedofeatures Resulting from Cultivation -- 9.4 Experiments in Ancient Cultivation -- 9.5 Cultivation Without (Evident) Manuring -- 9.5.1 Strathallan Neolithic Mound and Henge (North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire, Scotland) -- 9.5.2 Neolithic Long Barrow at Kilham (North Yorkshire) and Hazleton Long Cairn (Oxfordshire) -- 9.6 Cultivation with Manuring, Including Horticulture -- 9.6.1 Manured Sandy Soils (Including Plaggens) -- Manured Loams and Clayey Soils (with Special Reference to Modern Wallasea ... -- 9.6.2 Whitefriars, Canterbury -- Roman Soils at Whitefriars Canterbury -- Soil Micromorphology -- Medieval Manured Cultivation (AD 1050-1250) at Whitefriars Canterbury -- Soil Micromorphology -- Chemical and Magnetic Properties by John Crowther -- 9.7 Worldwide Cultivation -- 9.7.1 Colluvial Examples -- Gardens -- Roman Horticulture, UK -- Gardening and Dark Earth (Early Medieval Tours, France) -- Ornamental Garden Soil, Pompeii, AD 79 -- Historic Ornamental Gardens in Europe, UK, and France -- Ridge and Furrow -- Water Management and Soil Cultivation -- Paddy Soils -- Irrigation in South-West USA -- 9.8 Conclusions -- 10 Occupation Surfaces and Use of Space -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Models -- 10.2 Ethnoarchaeological Studies and Experiments -- 10.2.1 Bedouin Tent Studies (Near Beer Sheva, Israel) -- 10.2.2 Butser Ancient Farm, Hampshire, UK -- 10.3 Stabling and Semi-Intact Stabling/Byre Waste Deposits -- Roman and Medieval Urban Animal Management in England -- 10.4 Domestic Space Including Hearths (Low Status, High Status -- Rural, Urban -- Europe, Middle East, USA) -- 10.4.1 Middle Neolithic Domestic Space at Arene Candide -- 10.4.2 Roman and Medieval Domestic Floor Constructions and Use Accumulations in the UK -- 10.4.3 Constructed Floors -- 10.4.4 Beaten Floor Accumulations -- 10.4.5 Other Examples.
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10.4.6 Floor Coverings.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-107-01138-8
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-107-64868-8
Language:
English
URL:
Volltext
(lizenzpflichtig)
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511895562
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