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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services in the Trans-Pacific Partnership : What Would Be Lost? (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269229
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: As the fate of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) hangs in balance, an evaluation of what it offers could inform current decisions and shape future negotiations. The TPP's services component has been hailed as one of the agreement's major accomplishments. To assess the agreement's impact on national policy in the major services sectors, we created a new public database. This database reveals that TPP commitments seldom go beyond countries' applied policies, suggesting the explicit liberalization resulting from the agreement is limited only to a few countries and a few areas. However, the TPP enhances transparency and policy certainty because parties' services commitments cover more trading partners, more sectors and are in some cases closer to applied policies than their commitments under previous agreements. Furthermore, new TPP rules, including on state-owned enterprises, government procurement and competition policy, could enhance services market access. In particular, the TPP breaks new ground in prohibiting restrictions on international data flows, while at the same time creating unprecedented obligations on all parties to protect consumers from fraud and protect privacy. These dual obligations on importing and exporting countries represent a model for regulatory cooperation that could elicit greater market opening if applied to other areas
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Gootiiz, Batshur Services in the Trans-Pacific Partnership: What Would Be Lost? Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2017
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7964
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regionalism in Services : A Study of ASEAN (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048270090
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (56 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Can regionalism do what multilateralism has so far failed to do-promote greater openness of services markets? Although previous research has pointed to the wider and deeper legal commitments under regional agreements as proof that it can, no previous study has assessed the impact of such agreements on applied policies. This paper focuses on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), where regional integration of services markets has been linked to thriving regional supply chains. Drawing on surveys conducted in 2008 and 2012 of applied policies in the key services sectors of ASEAN countries, the paper assesses the impact of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) and the ambitious ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint, which envisaged integrated services markets by 2015. The analysis finds that over this period, ASEAN did not integrate faster internally than vis-a-vis the rest of the world: policies applied to trade with other ASEAN countries were virtually the same as those applied to trade with rest of the world. Moreover, the recent commitments scheduled under AFAS did not produce significant liberalization and, in a few instances, services trade policy actually became more restrictive. The two exceptions are in areas that are not on the multilateral negotiating agenda: steps have been taken toward creating regional open skies in air transport, and a few mutual recognition agreements have been negotiated in professional services. These findings suggest that regional negotiations add the most value when they are focused on areas that are not being addressed multilaterally
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Gootiiz, Batshur Regionalism in Services: A Study of ASEAN Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7498
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services in Doha : what's on the table? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_834962837
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4903
    Content: "Services trade reform matters, but what is Doha doing about it? It has been hard to judge, because of the opaqueness of services policies and the opaqueness of the request-offer negotiating process. This paper attempts to assess what is on the table. It presents the results of the first survey of applied trade policies in the major services sectors of 56 industrial and developing countries. These policies are then compared with these countries' Uruguay Round commitments in services and the best offers that they have made in the current Doha negotiations. The paper finds that at this stage, Doha promises greater security of access to markets but not any additional liberalization. Uruguay Round commitments are on average 2.3 times more restrictive than current policies. The best offers submitted so far as part of the Doha negotiations improve on Uruguay Round commitments by about 13 percent but remain on average 1.9 times more restrictive than actual policies. The World Trade Organization's Hong Kong Ministerial had set out ambitious goals for services but the analysis here shows that much remains to be done to achieve them. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
    Additional Edition: Gootiiz, Batshur Services in Doha
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4903
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applied services trade policy : a guide to the Services Trade Policy Database and the Services Trade Restrictions Index (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group & East Asia and Pacific Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1724102338
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9264
    Content: This paper describes the Services Trade Policy Database, a joint initiative by the World Bank and the World Trade Organization Secretariat, which builds on a database developed by the World Bank nearly 10 years ago and draws on a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database. The Services Trade Policy Database offers comparable information on services trade policies for 68 economies in 23 subsectors across five broad areas - financial services, telecommunications, distribution, transportation, and professional services. The database features several improvements. First, the data are collected according to a newly developed policy classification, consistent with the earlier World Bank database and the current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database, enabling a comparison of services policies over a significant period and across a large cross-section of industrial and developing economies. Second, in addition to trade policies, the database contains information on licensing conditions and data restrictions. Third, policy restrictiveness is quantified following a more systematic approach that aggregates the information within a single consistent and transparent framework. Building on these innovations will make it possible to identify global patterns of services trade policies and secular trends in policy making over the past decade
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Borchert, Ingo Applied Services Trade Policy: A Guide to the Services Trade Policy Database and the Services Trade Restrictions Index Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9264
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Author information: Mattoo, Aaditya 1961-
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    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services in Doha : what's on the table? (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048264344
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4903
    Content: "Services trade reform matters, but what is Doha doing about it? It has been hard to judge, because of the opaqueness of services policies and the opaqueness of the request-offer negotiating process. This paper attempts to assess what is on the table. It presents the results of the first survey of applied trade policies in the major services sectors of 56 industrial and developing countries. These policies are then compared with these countries' Uruguay Round commitments in services and the best offers that they have made in the current Doha negotiations. The paper finds that at this stage, Doha promises greater security of access to markets but not any additional liberalization. Uruguay Round commitments are on average 2.3 times more restrictive than current policies. The best offers submitted so far as part of the Doha negotiations improve on Uruguay Round commitments by about 13 percent but remain on average 1.9 times more restrictive than actual policies. The World Trade Organization's Hong Kong Ministerial had set out ambitious goals for services but the analysis here shows that much remains to be done to achieve them. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009
    Additional Edition: Gootiiz, Batshur Services in Doha
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4903
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guide to the Services Trade Restrictions Database (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265543
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p)
    Content: A new Services Trade Restrictions Database collects and makes publicly available information on services trade policy assembled in a comparable manner across 103 countries, five sectors (telecommunications, finance, transportation, retail and professional services) and the key modes of service supply. It contains richly textured policy information as well as a preliminary quantification of policy measures. This paper is a guide to the database, and provides a description of the data, how it was collected, how policy information was quantified, and how the data are presented in the publicly available, interactive Web database. The database is best seen as a first response to the strong demand for better information from policy-makers, negotiators, researchers and the private sector. Even in its present version, the database can play an important role in advancing policy reform by facilitating the analysis of services policies, informing international negotiations by providing data on actual policies, and provoking dialogue and refinements by making information on policies publicly available. Through feedback from various interested parties, the database may evolve into a collectively created public good
    Additional Edition: Ingo Borchert Guide to the Services Trade Restrictions Database
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6108
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Policy Barriers to International Trade in Services : Evidence from a New Database (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265544
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Content: Surprisingly little is known about policies that affect international trade in services. Previous analyses have focused on policy commitments made by countries in international agreements but these commitments do not in many cases reflect actual policy. This paper describes a new initiative to collect comparable information on services trade policies for 103 countries, across a range of service sectors and the relevant modes of service delivery. The resultant database reveals interesting patterns in policy. Across regions, some of the fastest growing countries in Asia and the oil-rich Gulf states have the most restrictive policies in services, whereas some of the poorest countries are remarkably open. Across sectors, professional and transportation services are among the most protected in both industrial and developing countries, while retail, telecommunications and even finance tend to be more open. An illustrative set of results suggests that trade policies matter for investment flows and access to services. In particular, restrictions on foreign acquisitions, discrimination in licensing, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings and lack of legal recourse all have a significant and sizable negative effect, reducing the expected value of sectoral foreign investment by
    Additional Edition: Ingo Borchert Policy Barriers to International Trade in Services
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6109
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Landlocked or Policy Locked? : How Services Trade Protection Deepens Economic Isolation (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265379
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Content: A new cross-country database on services policy reveals a perverse pattern: many landlocked countries restrict trade in the very services that connect them with the rest of the world. On average, telecommunications and air-transport policies are significantly more restrictive in landlocked countries than elsewhere. The phenomenon is most starkly visible in Sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with lower levels of political accountability. This paper finds evidence that these policies lead to more concentrated market structures and more limited access to services than these countries would otherwise have, even after taking into account the influence of geography and incomes, and the possibility that policy is endogenous. Even moderate liberalization in these sectors could lead to an increase of cellular subscriptions by 7 percentage points and a 20-percent increase in the number of flights. Policies in other countries, industrial and developing alike, also limit competition in international transport services. Hence, "trade-facilitating" investments under various "aid-for-trade" initiatives are likely to earn a low return unless they are accompanied by meaningful reform in these services sectors
    Additional Edition: Borchert, Ingo Landlocked or Policy Locked?
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5942
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applied Services Trade Policy : A Guide to the Services Trade Policy Database and the Services Trade Restrictions Index (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048274704
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (67 Seiten)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper describes the Services Trade Policy Database, a joint initiative by the World Bank and the World Trade Organization Secretariat, which builds on a database developed by the World Bank nearly 10 years ago and draws on a recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database. The Services Trade Policy Database offers comparable information on services trade policies for 68 economies in 23 subsectors across five broad areas - financial services, telecommunications, distribution, transportation, and professional services. The database features several improvements. First, the data are collected according to a newly developed policy classification, consistent with the earlier World Bank database and the current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database, enabling a comparison of services policies over a significant period and across a large cross-section of industrial and developing economies. Second, in addition to trade policies, the database contains information on licensing conditions and data restrictions. Third, policy restrictiveness is quantified following a more systematic approach that aggregates the information within a single consistent and transparent framework. Building on these innovations will make it possible to identify global patterns of services trade policies and secular trends in policy making over the past decade
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Borchert, Ingo Applied Services Trade Policy: A Guide to the Services Trade Policy Database and the Services Trade Restrictions Index Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9264
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    EUV Frankfurt
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services in the Trans-Pacific Partnership : What Would Be Lost? (2017)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958246226902883
    Format: 1 online resource (46 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: As the fate of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) hangs in balance, an evaluation of what it offers could inform current decisions and shape future negotiations. The TPP's services component has been hailed as one of the agreement's major accomplishments. To assess the agreement's impact on national policy in the major services sectors, we created a new public database. This database reveals that TPP commitments seldom go beyond countries' applied policies, suggesting the explicit liberalization resulting from the agreement is limited only to a few countries and a few areas. However, the TPP enhances transparency and policy certainty because parties' services commitments cover more trading partners, more sectors and are in some cases closer to applied policies than their commitments under previous agreements. Furthermore, new TPP rules, including on state-owned enterprises, government procurement and competition policy, could enhance services market access. In particular, the TPP breaks new ground in prohibiting restrictions on international data flows, while at the same time creating unprecedented obligations on all parties to protect consumers from fraud and protect privacy. These dual obligations on importing and exporting countries represent a model for regulatory cooperation that could elicit greater market opening if applied to other areas.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7964
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    Charité
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