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  • 1
    UID:
    almafu_9958246489102883
    Format: 1 online resource (28 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper investigates the determinants of primary school enrollment, attendance and child labor in Bolivia from 1999 to 2007. The analysis also aims at identifying the substitution and complementary relationships between schooling and working. Although enrollment rates show a significant improvement, lack of attendance remains an issue. The empirical results reveal that the increase in enrollment is led by indigenous children and those living in urban areas. Moreover, contrary to common belief, being extremely poor and indigenous are the main determinants of school attendance. Although extremely poor children increased their school attendance, they were not able to reduce child labor. However, for indigenous children school attendance and child labor were substitutes, increasing schooling and reducing child labor.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almafu_9958143959602883
    Format: 1 online resource (27 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper aims to identify the nexus between the excess of liquidity in the United States and commodity prices over the 1983-2006 period. In particular, it assesses whether commodity prices react more powerfully than consumer goods' prices to changes in real money balances. Within a cointegrated vector autoregressive framework, the author investigates whether consumer prices and commodity prices react to excess liquidity, and if the different price elasticities of supply for goods and commodities allow for differences in the dynamic paths of price adjustment to a liquidity shock. The results show a positive relationship between real money and real commodity prices and provide empirical evidence for a stronger response of commodity prices with respect to consumer goods' prices. This could imply that, if the magnitude of the reaction is due the fact that consumer goods' prices are slower to react, then their long-run value can be predicted with the help of commodity prices. The findings support the view that the latter should be considered as a valid monetary indicator.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    almafu_9958246470202883
    Format: 1 online resource (45 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper investigates the impact of institutional quality on public investment levels over the period 1984-2008. Moreover, it studies how the volatility of public investment and the quality of infrastructure are affected by institutional quality, and explores the contribution of other critical factors. The findings suggest an inverse relationship between public investment levels and institutional quality, supporting the idea that governments use public investment as a vehicle for rent-seeking or to compensate for the fall in private investment due to the poor business environment. In addition, aid flows, revenues and abundance of natural resources contribute positively to the level of capital spending. The author also finds that high volatility of public investment is associated with a lower quality of governance. An increase in revenues is associated with a reduction in the volatility of capital spending, suggesting that proper macroeconomic management smoothes the investment cycle. Finally, the paper provides some tentative evidence of a positive relationship between institutional quality and the quality of infrastructure.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    almafu_9958246426102883
    Format: 1 online resource (44 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In the last two decades more than 120 countries have adopted a version of a Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). These are budget institutions whose rationale it is to enable the central government to make credible multi-year fiscal commitments. This paper analyzes a newly-collected dataset of worldwide MTEF adoptions during 1990-2008. It exploits within-country variation in MTEF adoption in a dynamic panel framework to estimate their impacts. The analysis finds that MTEFs strongly improve fiscal discipline, with more advanced MTEF phases having a larger impact. Higher-phase MTEFs also improve allocative efficiency. Only top-phase MTEFs have a significantly positive effect on technical efficiency.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    almafu_9958093835502883
    Format: 1 online resource (35 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4755-8187-4 , 1-4755-3923-1
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; 12/173
    Content: Good practice suggests that budget allocations should reflect spending priorities and that spending should provide cost-effective delivery of public goods and services. This paper analyzes the composition of public expenditure in the Slovak Republic. It also assesses the relative efficiency of spending in education and health. The Slovak Republic spends more on social benefits and less on wages compared to the EU and OECD average. While it manages to translate the low expenditures into outcomes in an efficient manner in the education sector, this is not true for health. Moreover, the recent increases in expenditure levels have not improved outcomes, suggesting that significant budgetary savings could be achieved through increases in efficiency.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Literature Review: An EU-OECD Perspective; III. Features of the Slovak Republic's Public Expenditure; Figures; 1. Government Size across EU-OECD Countries; 2. Slovak Government Size; 3. Public Spending During the Crisis; A. Public Expenditure Composition; 4. Expenditure Composition, 2009; 5. Expenditure Composition in Real Terms; 6. Expenditure Categories; B. Spending Agencies; Tables; 1. Uncommitted Expenditures; 2. Public Expenditure by Agency, 2009; IV. Technical Efficiency; A. Education; 7. Education Expenditure across EU-OECD countries , 8. Education Expenditure3. Selected Indicators of the Education System; 9. Efficiency of Education Expenditure; B. Health; 10. Health Expenditure across EU-OECD countries; 11. Health Expenditure; 4. Selected Indicators of the Health System; 12. Efficiency of Health Expenditure-Life Expectancy; 13. Efficiency of Health Expenditure-Infant Mortality; V. Concluding Remarks; Appendices; 1. The DEA Approach; Appendix Figures; 1. DEA Production Possibility Frontier; References , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-0708-9
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-0521-3
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    almafu_9958059016002883
    Format: 1 online resource (22 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4755-7597-1 , 1-4755-2349-1
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; 12/182
    Content: It is generally acknowledged that the government’s output is difficult to define and its value is hard to measure. The practical solution, adopted by national accounts systems, is to equate output to input costs. However, several studies estimate significant inefficiencies in government activities (i.e., same output could be achieved with less inputs), implying that inputs are not a good approximation for outputs. If taken seriously, the next logical step is to purge from GDP the fraction of government inputs that is wasted. As differences in the quality of the public sector have a direct impact on citizens’ effective consumption of public and private goods and services, we must take them into account when computing a measure of living standards. We illustrate such a correction computing corrected per capita GDPs on the basis of two studies that estimate efficiency scores for several dimensions of government activities. We show that the correction could be significant, and rankings of living standards could be re-ordered as a result.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Cover; Abstract; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Measuring Living Standards; III. Corrected GDP; Tables; 1. GDP Losses Associated with Wasted Public Resources; Figures; 1. GDP Loss Due to Health and Education Waste vs. Per Capita GDP; 2. GDP Loss Due to Health Waste vs. Per Capita GDP; 3. Technical Efficiency Scores, per Capita GDP, and Total Loss; 4. Technical Efficiency Scores, WGI's Government Effectiveness, GDP Loss Due to Health Waste, and Per Capita GDP; IV. Concluding Remarks; References , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-1430-1
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-0530-2
    Language: English
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  • 7
    UID:
    edoccha_9958120571602883
    Format: 1 online resource (39 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-9711-5 , 1-4527-0060-5 , 1-282-84600-0 , 9786612846007 , 1-4552-0081-6
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/10/122
    Content: This paper identifies and documents the properties of output gap recessions and recoveries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan (MENAP) during the 1980 to 2008 period. It goes on to investigate the key determinants of the recoveries. The duration of MENAP countries’ recessions and recoveries has increased from the 1990s to the 2000s. MENAP hydrocarbon exporting countries’ recessions were on average more pronounced in the 2000s, and hydrocarbon importing countries’ recessions milder. Fiscal policy is found to have played a key role during the recoveries to potential output, although with weaker effects for MENAP countries that are more open to trade. Monetary policy is found to have been less effective. This is likely to be related to the fact that many of the MENAP countries have fixed exchange rate regimes and hence have limited room for active monetary policy.
    Note: "May 2010". , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Determinants Of The Strength Of Recoveries; III. Empirical Analysis; A. Identifying Turning Points in Economic Activity; 1. Real Non-oil GDP Growth rates and HP-based Output Gaps; 2. Recessions and Recoveries; B. Empirical Strategy and Data; C. Data and Descriptive Statistics; 1. Properties of Non-Oil Output Growth Rates; 2. Descriptive Statistics on Filtered Non-Oil Output; 3. Recovery Years; D. Basic Facts on Episodes of Recessions and Recoveries in the MENAP Region , 4. Average Duration, Amplitude, and Steepness of the Phases for Non-Oil Real GDP by Decade and Group of CountriesE. Estimation Results; 5. Summary Statistics of all the Variable; 6. Regressions of Non-Oil Output Growth in the First Year of Recovery, 1980-2008; IV. Conclusions; Appendix: Variable Definitions and Data Sources; References; Footnotes
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_1886455430
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research DP18954
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, District of Columbia] :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    almafu_9959402885202883
    Format: 1 online resource (34 pages) : , illustrations (some color), graphs, tables.
    ISBN: 1-4755-6904-1 , 1-4755-6906-8
    Series Statement: IMF Working Paper ; WP/16/244
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4755-6052-4
    Language: English
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  • 10
    UID:
    edocfu_9958143959602883
    Format: 1 online resource (27 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper aims to identify the nexus between the excess of liquidity in the United States and commodity prices over the 1983-2006 period. In particular, it assesses whether commodity prices react more powerfully than consumer goods' prices to changes in real money balances. Within a cointegrated vector autoregressive framework, the author investigates whether consumer prices and commodity prices react to excess liquidity, and if the different price elasticities of supply for goods and commodities allow for differences in the dynamic paths of price adjustment to a liquidity shock. The results show a positive relationship between real money and real commodity prices and provide empirical evidence for a stronger response of commodity prices with respect to consumer goods' prices. This could imply that, if the magnitude of the reaction is due the fact that consumer goods' prices are slower to react, then their long-run value can be predicted with the help of commodity prices. The findings support the view that the latter should be considered as a valid monetary indicator.
    Language: English
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