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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam : A Socioeconomic Perspective (2002)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958121514802883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Baulch, Chuyen, Haughton, and Haughton examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa ("majority") households have substantially higher living standards than "minority" households from Vietnam's other 52 ethnic groups. Subdividing the population into five broad categories, the authors find that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern Highland minorities have benefited from economic growth in the 1990s, the growth of Central Highland minorities has stagnated. Disaggregating further, they find that the same ethnic groups whose living standards have risen fastest are those that have the highest school enrollment rates, are most likely to intermarry with Kinh partners, and are the least likely to practice a religion. The authors then estimate and decompose a set of expenditure regressions which show that even if minority households had the same endowments as Kinh households, this would close no more than a third of the gap in per capita expenditures. While some ethnic minorities seem to be doing well with a strategy of assimilating (both culturally and economically) with the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural identities. A third group comprising the Central Highland minorities, including the Hmong, is largely being left behind by the growth process. Such diversity in the socioeconomic development experiences of the different ethnic minorities indicates the need for similar diversity in the policy interventions that are designed to assist them. This paper-a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study household welfare and poverty reduction in Vietnam. Jonathan Haughton may be contacted at jhaughto@beaconhill.org.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-2836
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook on poverty and inequality / (2009)
    Washington, DC :World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958113580202883
    Format: xxi, 419 pages : , illustrations ; , 24 cm.
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 0-8213-7614-4
    Series Statement: World Bank e-Library.
    Content: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development Indicators 2009 presents the mos
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Contents; Preface; Foreword; About the Authors; Abbreviations; 1 What Is Poverty and Why Measure It?; 2 Measuring Poverty; Tables; Figures; Boxes; 3 Poverty Lines; 4 Measures of Poverty; 5 Poverty Indexes: Checking for Robustness; 6 Inequality Measures; 7 Describing Poverty: Poverty Profiles; 8 Understanding the Determinants of Poverty; 9 Poverty Reduction Policies; 10 International Poverty Comparisons; 11 The Analysis of Poverty over Time; 12 Vulnerability to Poverty; 13 Poverty Monitoring and Evaluation; 14 Using Regression; 15 The Effects of Taxation and Spending on Inequality and Poverty , 16 Using Survey Data: Some Cautionary TalesAppendix 1 Data Introduction; Appendix 2 Stata Preliminary; Appendix 3 Exercises; Answers to the Review Questions; Index , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-8213-7613-6
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-7613-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Surprising Effects of the Great Recession : Losers and Winners in Thailand in 2008-2009 (2012)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246419902883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In 2009, buffeted by the great recession, Thai gross domestic product fell by 2.3 percent. Using monthly data from the socio-economic surveys of 2007-2010, this paper finds, after controlling for household variables, that real consumption per capita rose in 2009 relative to 2008 for most groups, including the poor, urban and rural households, men, women, and children. The losers were residents of Bangkok, especially those aged 20-29, and those working in sales and services. During the recession year of 2009, school enrollment rates did not fall, and durable goods purchases actually rose; households probably reduced their savings, and also benefitted from the lower food prices that prevailed in 2009. A simulation exercise based on the slowdown in growth of gross domestic product would have missed these effects, as would models based solely on readily-available data series. This points to the importance of country-specific policy analysis, rooted in timely local evidence, including household survey data.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6255
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Household enterprises in Vietnam : survival, growth, and living standards (2002)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV040617409
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Edition: Also available in print.
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2773
    Content: Two-fifths of the household enterprises that operated in Vietnam in 1993 were still in business in 1998, after five years of rapid economic growth. Constrained by lack of education, credit, and effective demand in poor areas, and squeezed by the lure of wage labor in rich areas, household enterprises are most prominent when agriculture is declining in importance but before the formal sector becomes established
    Note: "February 2002. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27). - Title from title screen as viewed on June 4, 2002 , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:[2002] , Weitere Ausgabe: Vijverberg, Wim P. M: Household enterprises in Vietnam
    Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Vijverberg, Wim P. M. Household enterprises in Vietnam 2002
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Household Coping and Response to Government Stimulus in an Economic Crisis : Evidence from Thailand (2012)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246443402883
    Format: 1 online resource (46 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The crash of global financial markets in 2008 caused a ripple effect on economic demand and growth worldwide. Export-oriented economies were hit particularly hard, and many governments stepped in quickly with broad-ranging stimulus programs to lessen the effects on households of rising unemployment and falling income. To better understand the role that stimulus policy might play in softening the effects of these shocks, this paper examines recent nationally-representative data from Thailand, an export-dependent economy where a large-scale stimulus program was introduced in 2009. Using monthly data spanning 2006-2010, the paper uses sub-province-level community panel data to examine the effects of major components of the stimulus on household consumption, income, borrowing, and debt repaid. To address simultaneity of changes in government spending and household outcomes, the analysis estimates a dynamic panel regression, instrumenting the stimulus effect with second-order lagged outcome variables, and estimating the model using the Generalized Method of Moments. The results suggest that household participation in these programs helped smooth consumption. This increase in monthly consumption was not supported from household receipts from the government stimulus, but more likely through a reallocation of consumption and savings that included greater debt repayment. The paper typically finds stronger effects in urban compared with rural areas.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6016
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does the Village Fund Matter in Thailand? / (2009)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958112274602883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of the Thailand Village and Urban Revolving Fund on household expenditure, income, and assets. The revolving fund was launched in 2001 when the Government of Thailand promised to provide a million baht (about USD 22,500) to every village and urban community in Thailand as working capital for locally-run rotating credit associations. The money - about USD 2 billion in total - was quickly disbursed to locally-run committees in almost all of Thailand's 74,000 villages and more than 4,500 urban (including military) communities. By May 2005, the committees had lent a total of about USD 8 billion, with an average loan of USD 466. Using data from the Thailand Socioeconomic Surveys of 2002 and 2004, each of which surveys almost 35,000 households, the authors find that the borrowers were disproportionately poor and agricultural. A propensity score matching model finds that Fund borrowing in 2004 was associated with, on average, 1.9 percent more income, 3.3 percent more expenditure, and about 5 percent more ownership of durable goods. These results are broadly consistent with the results from instrumental variables models (where the identifying instrument was the inverse of village size), which however show a smaller (marginal) effect. Households that borrowed both from the revolving fund and from the Bank of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives gained substantially more in terms of higher income than those who borrowed from either one or the other or from neither.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5011
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the Impact of Egyptian Social Fund for Development Programs / (2009)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958112277202883
    Format: 1 online resource (38 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The Egyptian Social Fund for Development was established in 1991 with a mandate to reduce poverty. Since its inception, it has disbursed about USD 2.5 billion, of which nearly two-fifths was devoted to supporting microcredit and financing community development and infrastructure. This paper investigates the size of the impact of the Fund's interventions, whether the benefits have been commensurate with the costs, and whether the programs have been targeted successfully to the poor. The core of the impact evaluation applies propensity-score matching to data from the 2004/2005 national Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey. The authors find that Egypt's Social Fund for Development programs have had clear and measurable effects, in the expected direction, for all of the programs considered: educational interventions have reduced illiteracy, health and potable water programs have lowered household spending on health, sanitation interventions have cut household spending on sanitation and lowered poverty, and road projects have reduced household transportation costs by 20 percent. Microcredit is associated with higher household expenditures in metropolitan areas and urban Upper Egypt, but not elsewhere. The Social Fund for Development's road projects generate benefits that, by some estimates, exceed the costs, as do health and potable water interventions; this is less evident for interventions in education and sanitation. The Fund argues that its mission is primarily social, and so should not be judged using a cost-benefit analysis. The Fund support for microcredit is strongly pro-poor; the other programs analyzed have a more modest pro-poor orientation.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4993
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Appraising the Thailand Village Fund / (2012)
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958246445202883
    Format: 1 online resource (51 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: The Thailand Village Fund is the second-largest microcredit scheme in the world. Nearly 80,000 elected local Village Fund committees administer loans that reach 30 percent of all households. The value of Village Fund loans has remained steady since 2006, even without new infusions of government funds, and loans go disproportionately to the poor. Based mainly on a custom-built survey of more than 3,000 Village Funds conducted in 2010, this paper evaluates the performance of Village Funds, which it argues are best modeled as altruistic, and do not appear to be subject to elite capture. As expected, profit rates are difficult to model, but the regression analysis shows that loan recovery rates, total lending, credit ratings, and the proportion of loans going to the poor are all higher when a Village Fund borrows additional funds from a formal bank and on-lends to households, as was done by one in five Village Funds. An economic analysis suggests that Village Fund benefits exceed the costs. Most Village Funds are social rather than financial intermediaries; they have little incentive to take risks or to innovate, which explains why Village Fund lending has not kept pace with the growth of the Thai economy.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5998
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Handbook on poverty and inequality / (2009)
    Washington, DC :World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almahu_BV035438149
    Format: XXI, 419 S. : , zahlr. graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 978-0-8213-7613-3
    Note: Incl. bibliogr. references and indexes
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-8213-7614-0
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Sociology
    RVK:
    MS 6440
    RVK:
    QG 020
    RVK:
    QX 040
    Keywords: Armut ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Graue Literatur
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Cover
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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  • 10
    Book
    Book
    Living standards analytics : development through the lens of household survey data (2011)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV042214245
    Format: XXII, 314 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    ISBN: 9781461403845
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-1-4614-0385-2
    Language: English
    Subjects: Mathematics
    RVK:
    SK 980
    Keywords: Datenanalyse ; Haushalt ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Autorenbiografie
    URL: Verlagsangaben
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Cover
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