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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    UID:
    edochu_18452_23579
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (10 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1016-6262 , 1016-6262
    Content: Während in der somatischen Medizin mittlerweile eine Vielzahl von biologischen Markern für die Diagnostik und Therapieplanung vorliegen, gibt es keine vergleichbaren bio­logischen oder psychologischen Marker für psychische Störungen. Hier sind die Pathogenese und Wirkung psychotherapeutischer Interventionen durch eine Vielzahl mitei­nander interagierender Faktoren determiniert. Die prädiktive Analytik verfügt mit dem maschinellen Lernen über eine aussichtsreiche Methode, komplexe Muster und Interaktionen zwischen verschiedenen Variablen in Aussagen für den individuellen Patienten zu übersetzen. Diese Methoden bestimmen (“lernen”) aus bereits vorhandenen Daten die Beziehung zwischen Prädiktoren und Ergebnissen und können anschließend das entwickelte Modell auf neue Daten, bei denen das Ergebnis noch offen ist, anwenden. Zuvor muss aber zwingend geprüft werden, ob das Gelernte tatsächlich bedeutungsvoll ist. Zur Illustration des Ansatzes stellen wir eine Reihe von Studien vor, die das Paradigma der prädiktiven Analytik für diagnostische Fragestellungen, Vorhersage von Risikoverläufen sowie zur Prognose von Psychotherapieergebnissen genutzt haben. Die Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend; vor einem Einsatz in der klinischen Praxis muss die Vorhersagegenauigkeit jedoch weiter gesteigert und in verschiedenen Settings und Populationen überprüft werden. Zur Verbesserung der Vorhersagegüte scheinen insbesondere die Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Datenmodalitäten wie klinische Maße, (f)MRT-Daten und genetische Daten sowie der Fokus auf Variablen, die Mechanismen von Psychopathologie und Veränderungsmechanismen gut abbilden, sinnvoll. Darüber hinaus sollte eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit Vertretern von Praktikern und Betroffenen stattfinden, um die Akzeptanz solcher Marker zu gewährleisten. Wenn dies gelingt, bieten derartige Marker das Potenzial, die Diagnosesicherheit insbesondere in ­schwierigen Fällen deutlich zu erhöhen, mögliche Risikoverläufe früh zu identifizieren und die Zuweisung von Patienten zu den für sie bestmöglichen Behandlungen zu unterstützen.
    Content: While there is a plethora of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment selection in somatic medicine, no comparable biological or psychological markers are available in mental health. Following the bio-psycho-social model, both the pathogenesis and treatment effects are determined by many concurring factors. With machine learning, predictive analytics offer a promising set of tools for translating patterns and interactions in and between a variety of variables into a conclusion for the individual patient. These methods “learn” the association between predictors and outcomes from already available data and can then apply the resulting model on new data, for which the outcome is still open. However, it is crucial to evaluate beforehand whether the learned model is meaningful. To illustrate this approach, we present a number of studies that used predictive analytics for diagnostics, for predicting risk trajectories and for predicting psychotherapy treatment outcomes (“theranostics”). Their results are promising, but prior to clinical practice the prediction accuracy has to be increased and tested in different settings and populations. For increasing prediction performance, combining several data modalities, such as clinical, neurostructural, -functional and genetic data, and focusing on variables that map mechanisms of psychopathology and change, are reasonable. Moreover, teaming up with clinician and patient representatives is recommended for increasing the acceptance of such markers and discussing the ethical and societal implications of predictive analytics in mental health. If successful, predictive analytics bear the potential to increase diagnostic reliability particularly in challenging cases, to identify potentially negative trajectories early on and to support allocating patients to their individually optimal treatment.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : Karger, 30,1, Seiten 8-17, 1016-6262
    Language: German
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27390
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Content: Introduction Personalization is a much-discussed approach to improve adherence and outcomes for Digital Mental Health interventions (DMHIs). Yet, major questions remain open, such as (1) what personalization is, (2) how prevalent it is in practice, and (3) what benefits it truly has. Methods We address this gap by performing a systematic literature review identifying all empirical studies on DMHIs targeting depressive symptoms in adults from 2015 to September 2022. The search in Pubmed, SCOPUS and Psycinfo led to the inclusion of 138 articles, describing 94 distinct DMHIs provided to an overall sample of approximately 24,300 individuals. Results Our investigation results in the conceptualization of personalization as purposefully designed variation between individuals in an intervention's therapeutic elements or its structure. We propose to further differentiate personalization by what is personalized (i.e., intervention content, content order, level of guidance or communication) and the underlying mechanism [i.e., user choice, provider choice, decision rules, and machine-learning (ML) based approaches]. Applying this concept, we identified personalization in 66% of the interventions for depressive symptoms, with personalized intervention content (32% of interventions) and communication with the user (30%) being particularly popular. Personalization via decision rules (48%) and user choice (36%) were the most used mechanisms, while the utilization of ML was rare (3%). Two-thirds of personalized interventions only tailored one dimension of the intervention. Discussion We conclude that future interventions could provide even more personalized experiences and especially benefit from using ML models. Finally, empirical evidence for personalization was scarce and inconclusive, making further evidence for the benefits of personalization highly needed. Systematic Review Registration Identifier: CRD42022357408.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 5
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    edochu_18452_23100
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Content: Cigarette smoking increases the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders, among them panic disorder (PD). While brain structures altered by smoking partly overlap with morphological changes identified in PD, the modulating impact of smoking as a potential confounder on structural alterations in PD has not yet been addressed. In total, 143 PD patients (71 smokers) and 178 healthy controls (62 smokers) participated in a multicenter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. T1-weighted images were used to examine brain structural alterations using voxel-based morphometry in a priori defined regions of the defensive system network. PD was associated with gray matter volume reductions in the amygdala and hippocampus. This difference was driven by non-smokers and absent in smoking subjects. Bilateral amygdala volumes were reduced with increasing health burden (neither PD nor smoking 〉 either PD or smoking 〉 both PD and smoking). As smoking can narrow or diminish commonly observed structural abnormalities in PD, the effect of smoking should be considered in MRI studies focusing on patients with pathological forms of fear and anxiety. Future studies are needed to determine if smoking may increase the risk for subsequent psychopathology via brain functional or structural alterations.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 15,8, Seiten 849-859
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26530
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Content: The COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures are affecting mental health, especially among patients with pre-existing mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the first wave and its aftermath of the pandemic in Germany (March–July) on psychopathology of patients diagnosed with panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobia who were on the waiting list or in current treatment at a German university-based outpatient clinic. From 108 patients contacted, forty-nine patients (45.37%) completed a retrospective survey on COVID-19 related stressors, depression, and changes in anxiety symptoms. Patients in the final sample (n = 47) reported a mild depression and significant increase in unspecific anxiety (d = .41), panic symptoms (d = .85) and specific phobia (d = .38), while social anxiety remained unaltered. Pandemic related stressors like job insecurities, familial stress and working in the health sector were significantly associated with more severe depression and increases in anxiety symptoms. High pre-pandemic symptom severity (anxiety/depression) was a risk factor, whereas meaningful work and being divorced/separated were protective factors (explained variance: 46.5% of changes in anxiety and 75.8% in depressive symptoms). In line with diathesis-stress models, patients show a positive association between stressors and symptom load. Health care systems are requested to address the needs of this vulnerable risk group by implementing timely and low-threshold interventions to prevent patients from further deterioration.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS, 17,8
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26544
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Content: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying restrictions are associated with substantial psychological distress. However, it is unclear how this increased strain translates into help-seeking behavior. Here, we aim to characterize those individuals who seek help for COVID-19 related psychological distress, and examine which factors are associated with their levels of distress in order to better characterize vulnerable groups. Methods: We report data from 1269 help-seeking participants subscribing to a stepped-care program targeted at mental health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sample characteristics were compared to population data, and linear regression analyses were used to examine which risk factors and stressors were associated with current symptom levels. Results: Seeking for help for COVID-19 related psychological distress was characterized by female gender, younger age, and better education compared to the general population. The majority reported mental health problems already before the pandemic. 74.5% of this help-seeking sample also exceeded clinical thresholds for depression, anxiety, or somatization. Higher individual symptom levels were associated with higher overall levels of pandemic stress, younger age, and pre-existing mental health problems, but were buffered by functional emotion regulation strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest a considerable increase in demand for mental-healthcare in the pandemic aftermath. Comparisons with the general population indicate diverging patterns in help-seeking behavior: while some individuals seek help themselves, others should be addressed directly. Individuals that are young, have pre-existing mental health problems and experience a high level of pandemic stress are particularly at-risk for considerable symptom load. Mental-healthcare providers should use these results to prepare for the significant increase in demand during the broader aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as allocate limited resources more effectively.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This article was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
    In: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS, 17,7
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    UID:
    edochu_18452_28734
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Content: Objectives: Machine learning models predicting treatment outcomes for individual patients may yield high clinical utility. However, few studies tested the utility of easy to acquire and low-cost sociodemographic and clinical data. In previous work, we reported significant predictions still insufficient for immediate clinical use in a sample with broad diagnostic spectrum. We here examined whether predictions will improve in a diagnostically more homogeneous yet large and naturalistic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) sample. Methods: We used sociodemographic and clinical data routinely acquired during CBT treatment of n = 533 OCD subjects in a specialized outpatient clinic. Results: Remission was predicted with 65% (p = 0.001) balanced accuracy on unseen data for the best model. Higher OCD symptom severity predicted non-remission, while higher age of onset of first OCD symptoms and higher socioeconomic status predicted remission. For dimensional change, prediction achieved r = 0.31 (p = 0.001) between predicted and actual values. Conclusions: The comparison with our previous work suggests that predictions within a diagnostically homogeneous sample, here OCD, are not per se superior to a more diverse sample including several diagnostic groups. Using refined psychological predictors associated with disorder etiology and maintenance or adding further data modalities as neuroimaging or ecological momentary assessments are promising in order to further increase prediction accuracy.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: London [u.a.] : Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group, 31,1, Seiten 52-62
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 7
    UID:
    almahu_BV048381987
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource.
    Edition: [Zweitveröffentlichung]
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Hilbert, Kevin, 1987-,
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  • 8
    UID:
    almahu_BV049883044
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource.
    Edition: [Zweitveröffentlichung]
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: Lüken, Ulrike, 1976-
    Author information: Hilbert, Kevin, 1987-
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