Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (566 pages).

ISBN: 0-12-814183-2

Series Statement: Micro and nano technologies series

Content: Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles surveys this fast growing field, including established methods for the physical and chemical characterization of nanoparticles. The book focuses on sample preparation issues (including potential pitfalls), with measurement procedures described in detail. In addition, the book explores data reduction, including the quantitative evaluation of the final result and its uncertainty of measurement. The results of published inter-laboratory comparisons are referred to, along with the availability of reference materials necessary for instrument calibration and method validation. The application of these methods are illustrated with practical examples on what is routine and what remains a challenge. In addition, this book summarizes promising methods still under development and analyzes the need for complementary methods to enhance the quality of nanoparticle characterization with solutions already in operation.

Note: Front Cover -- Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Rationale -- Context -- Relevance -- Scope -- Structure -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2.1.1: Characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy -- Introduction -- Sample preparation -- SEM image acquisition -- SEM image-based particle size measurements -- SEM image-based particle shape measurements -- The effect of slight electron beam-induced contamination -- The effect of landing energy -- The effect of primary electron beam current -- The effect of sample tilt -- The effect of the number of pixels representing particles -- References -- Chapter 2.1.2: Characterization of nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy: Measurement procedures -- Introduction -- Measuring principle of transmission electron microscopy -- Conventional bright-field TEM -- Scanning transmission electron microscopy -- Analytical TEM -- Specimen preparation for TEM analyses -- Choice of sample carriers for TEM analyses -- Tailoring TEM grids -- Sample preparation -- Drop deposition -- On-grid (ultra)centrifugation -- ESI deposition of suspensions -- Descriptive (qualitative) TEM analysis of nano-objects -- Quantitative TEM -- TEM imaging -- Aligning the microscope and calibration -- Imaging conditions -- Magnification selection and limits of quantification -- Particle detection and identification -- Number of particles to be analysed -- Data analysis and representation -- References -- Chapter 2.1.3: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) -- Introduction to NP measurements by AFM -- Measurements of nanoparticles by AFM -- Size measurements -- Mechanical measurements -- Traceability routes at the nanometre scale -- Dimensional traceability -- Mechanical traceability. , Uncertainty assessment -- Uncertainty for size measurement -- Uncertainty for mechanical measurements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.1: Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) -- Introduction -- spICP-MS principle -- Particle number concentration measurements with spICP-MS -- Transport efficiency, `η -- Number of detected particles in time scan, `N -- Particle size determination with spICP-MS -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.1.2: Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA) -- Introduction -- Principles of operation -- Optical setup -- Identification and tracking -- Theory: Size measurement -- Notable caveats in PTA size measurement capability -- Theory: Concentration -- Other measurands -- Fluorescence -- Intensity -- Zeta potential -- PTA performance -- Representativeness and repeatability -- Reproducibility and standardization -- Advantages and disadvantages of technique -- Applications -- Suitable samples -- Exosomes -- Toxicology -- Viral vaccines -- Protein aggregation -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.3: Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) -- Introduction -- ES-DMA instrumentation -- Nanoparticle size measurement -- Removal/reduction of interferences with dilution of the suspension -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on centrifugation -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on thermal treatment of the aerosol -- Salt residue corrections through coupling with ICP-MS -- Nanoparticle concentration measurement in colloidal suspensions -- Quantification of nanoparticle number concentration by UV-visible calibration -- Quantification by controlled generation of nonspecific aggregates: Dilution effect case -- Quantification by direct calculation: Transmission efficiency case -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 3.1.4: Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) -- Introduction -- TRPS -- Instrument setup -- Measurements of particle size -- Measurements of particle number concentration -- Measurements of particle zeta-potential -- Other surface properties by TRPS measurements -- Summary with recommended settings for various TRPS measurements -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.1: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) -- DLS for particle size analysis -- Understanding DLS -- Measurement principle -- Technical realization -- Signal analysis -- Primary result of signal processing -- Impact of particle size distribution on the correlation function -- Method of cumulants for correlation functions -- Distribution analysis with regularized inversion -- Information content of DLS signals with respect to particle size distribution -- Brownian motion beyond Stokes-Einstein -- Impact of particle shape -- Impact of particle concentration and particle interaction -- Impact of the electric double layer in the dilute limit -- Impact of convective flow and particle migration -- Practical issues of performing DLS analyses -- Analytical chain -- Measurement range with regard to particle size and concentration -- Dispersion medium and dilution -- Dispersing procedure -- Temperature and thermal equilibration -- Duration of measurement -- Selection of scattering angle -- Signal quality -- International standards and guidelines -- Application of DLS to specific analytical tasks -- DLS for size analysis of nanoparticles with low polydispersity -- DLS for highly accurate size analysis of nanoparticles -- DLS for assessing the progress of dispersion -- DLS for simultaneous determination of particle size and concentration -- Bibliography -- Standards -- Textbooks -- References -- Chapter 3.2.2: Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) -- Introduction. , Basic principles of SAXS for nanoparticle characterization -- Instrumentation -- Mean particle size determination with SAXS -- Size distribution width determination with SAXS -- Nanoparticle concentration determination with SAXS -- Core-shell nanoparticles -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3.2.3: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry -- Introduction -- Instrumentation and calibration -- Scattering and absorption of light from particles -- Useful empirical relationships for gold NPs -- Conclusions -- Standards -- References -- Chapter 3.2.4: Acoustic spectroscopy for particle size measurement of concentrated nanodispersions -- Introduction -- Milling -- Large particle content in nanodispersions, for abrasive slurries -- Nanoparticles content in dispersions with broad particle size distribution -- Stabilizing iron nanoparticles using gels -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.5: Zeta-potential measurements -- Introduction -- Definition of zeta potential and the general model of electric double layer -- Two groups of measuring methods: Electrophoresis and electroacoustics -- Electrophoresis and optical methods -- Electroacoustics for concentrated nanodispersions -- Calculation of zeta potential and importance of surface conductivity for nanoparticles -- Experimental verification of methods -- Sample preparation -- Measurement uncertainty and sources of error -- Electrophoretic light scattering measurement: Possible problems -- Incorrect entries of parameters by the operator -- Air bubbles -- Effect of the applied electric field on susceptible samples -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.1: Analytical centrifugation -- Measurement principle of analytical centrifugation -- Instrumentationandevaluation software -- Characterization purposes and case studies. , Interaction of nanoparticles and other components: Exploited for the benefit of the analysis of nanoenabled products -- Uncertainty of assumed parameters and implication on accuracy of AUC results -- Nanomedicines and nanoparticles-protein complexes -- Standards and guidelines -- Summary and outlook -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.2: Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with various detection systems -- Introduction -- General principle of FFF -- Flow FFF -- Centrifugal FFF -- Characterization of nanomaterials using FFF -- Hyphenated flow FFF and centrifugal FFF -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4.1: Volume-specific surface area by gas adsorption analysis with the BET method -- Introduction -- Specific surface area, volume-specific surface area, and the BET method -- Relationship between particle size, shape, and volume-specific surface area -- Spherical particles -- Platelet- or flake-like particles -- Bimodal samples of platelets -- Needle or fibrelike particles -- Bimodal samples of needles/fibres -- Summary of VSSA calculation results -- Instruments, experimental methods, and standards -- Experimental procedure -- Sample preparation -- Analysis -- Evaluation of adsorption data -- Strategy for using specific surface area in the assessment of particle size -- He pycnometry -- VSSA as a tool to identify nanomaterials -- References -- Chapter 4.2: Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis -- Introduction -- Sample preparation and important information -- Nature of the sample -- Technique requirements -- The context of sample preparation: Challenges due to the inherent nature of NPs -- NP nonequality and irreproducibility -- Example equivalence issues -- Nanoparticle are dynamic (like chameleons): They can change with time, handling, and environmental conditions -- Observed dynamic effects. , Implications of dynamic behaviours for sample preparation.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-814182-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)

Content: Luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) allow to obtain renewable energy from building integrated photovoltaic systems. As promising efficient and long-term stable LSC fluorophores semiconductor nanocrystals like quantum dots (QDs) with size and composition tunable optoelectronic properties have recently emerged. The most popular II/VI or IV/VI semiconductor QDs contain, however, potentially hazardous cadmium or lead ions, which is a bottleneck for commercial applications. A simple aqueous based, microwave-assisted synthesis for environmentally friendly and highly emissive AgInS2/ZnS QDs is developed using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and glutathione (GSH) and their incorporation into polylaurylmethacrylate (PLMA) polymer slabs integrable in LSC devices (10.4 × 10.4 × 0.2 cm3, G = 12.98). With this simple approach, optical power efficiencies (OPE) of 3.8% and 3.6% and optical quantum efficiencies (OQE) of 24.1% and 27.4% are obtained, which are among the highest values yet reported.

Content: Peer Reviewed

In: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 9,17

Language: English

DOI: 10.1002/adom.202100587

DOI: 10.18452/24702

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/25369-4

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Content: Electrochemical methods offer great promise in meeting the demand for user-friendly on-site devices for monitoring important parameters. The food industry often runs own lab procedures, for example, for mycotoxin analysis, but it is a major goal to simplify analysis, linking analytical methods with smart technologies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, with photometric detection of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), form a good basis for sensitive detection. To provide a straightforward approach for the miniaturization of the detection step, we have studied the pitfalls of the electrochemical TMB detection. By cyclic voltammetry it was found that the TMB electrochemistry is strongly dependent on the pH and the electrode material. A stable electrode response to TMB could be achieved at pH 1 on gold electrodes. We created a smartphone-based, electrochemical, immunomagnetic assay for the detection of ochratoxin A in real samples, providing a solid basis for sensing of further analytes.

Content: Peer Reviewed

In: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 8,13, Seiten 2597-2606

Language: English

DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100446

DOI: 10.18452/23568

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24224-8

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (566 pages).

ISBN: 0-12-814183-2

Series Statement: Micro and nano technologies series

Content: Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles surveys this fast growing field, including established methods for the physical and chemical characterization of nanoparticles. The book focuses on sample preparation issues (including potential pitfalls), with measurement procedures described in detail. In addition, the book explores data reduction, including the quantitative evaluation of the final result and its uncertainty of measurement. The results of published inter-laboratory comparisons are referred to, along with the availability of reference materials necessary for instrument calibration and method validation. The application of these methods are illustrated with practical examples on what is routine and what remains a challenge. In addition, this book summarizes promising methods still under development and analyzes the need for complementary methods to enhance the quality of nanoparticle characterization with solutions already in operation.

Note: Front Cover -- Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Rationale -- Context -- Relevance -- Scope -- Structure -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2.1.1: Characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy -- Introduction -- Sample preparation -- SEM image acquisition -- SEM image-based particle size measurements -- SEM image-based particle shape measurements -- The effect of slight electron beam-induced contamination -- The effect of landing energy -- The effect of primary electron beam current -- The effect of sample tilt -- The effect of the number of pixels representing particles -- References -- Chapter 2.1.2: Characterization of nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy: Measurement procedures -- Introduction -- Measuring principle of transmission electron microscopy -- Conventional bright-field TEM -- Scanning transmission electron microscopy -- Analytical TEM -- Specimen preparation for TEM analyses -- Choice of sample carriers for TEM analyses -- Tailoring TEM grids -- Sample preparation -- Drop deposition -- On-grid (ultra)centrifugation -- ESI deposition of suspensions -- Descriptive (qualitative) TEM analysis of nano-objects -- Quantitative TEM -- TEM imaging -- Aligning the microscope and calibration -- Imaging conditions -- Magnification selection and limits of quantification -- Particle detection and identification -- Number of particles to be analysed -- Data analysis and representation -- References -- Chapter 2.1.3: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) -- Introduction to NP measurements by AFM -- Measurements of nanoparticles by AFM -- Size measurements -- Mechanical measurements -- Traceability routes at the nanometre scale -- Dimensional traceability -- Mechanical traceability. , Uncertainty assessment -- Uncertainty for size measurement -- Uncertainty for mechanical measurements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.1: Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) -- Introduction -- spICP-MS principle -- Particle number concentration measurements with spICP-MS -- Transport efficiency, `η -- Number of detected particles in time scan, `N -- Particle size determination with spICP-MS -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.1.2: Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA) -- Introduction -- Principles of operation -- Optical setup -- Identification and tracking -- Theory: Size measurement -- Notable caveats in PTA size measurement capability -- Theory: Concentration -- Other measurands -- Fluorescence -- Intensity -- Zeta potential -- PTA performance -- Representativeness and repeatability -- Reproducibility and standardization -- Advantages and disadvantages of technique -- Applications -- Suitable samples -- Exosomes -- Toxicology -- Viral vaccines -- Protein aggregation -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.3: Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) -- Introduction -- ES-DMA instrumentation -- Nanoparticle size measurement -- Removal/reduction of interferences with dilution of the suspension -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on centrifugation -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on thermal treatment of the aerosol -- Salt residue corrections through coupling with ICP-MS -- Nanoparticle concentration measurement in colloidal suspensions -- Quantification of nanoparticle number concentration by UV-visible calibration -- Quantification by controlled generation of nonspecific aggregates: Dilution effect case -- Quantification by direct calculation: Transmission efficiency case -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 3.1.4: Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) -- Introduction -- TRPS -- Instrument setup -- Measurements of particle size -- Measurements of particle number concentration -- Measurements of particle zeta-potential -- Other surface properties by TRPS measurements -- Summary with recommended settings for various TRPS measurements -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.1: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) -- DLS for particle size analysis -- Understanding DLS -- Measurement principle -- Technical realization -- Signal analysis -- Primary result of signal processing -- Impact of particle size distribution on the correlation function -- Method of cumulants for correlation functions -- Distribution analysis with regularized inversion -- Information content of DLS signals with respect to particle size distribution -- Brownian motion beyond Stokes-Einstein -- Impact of particle shape -- Impact of particle concentration and particle interaction -- Impact of the electric double layer in the dilute limit -- Impact of convective flow and particle migration -- Practical issues of performing DLS analyses -- Analytical chain -- Measurement range with regard to particle size and concentration -- Dispersion medium and dilution -- Dispersing procedure -- Temperature and thermal equilibration -- Duration of measurement -- Selection of scattering angle -- Signal quality -- International standards and guidelines -- Application of DLS to specific analytical tasks -- DLS for size analysis of nanoparticles with low polydispersity -- DLS for highly accurate size analysis of nanoparticles -- DLS for assessing the progress of dispersion -- DLS for simultaneous determination of particle size and concentration -- Bibliography -- Standards -- Textbooks -- References -- Chapter 3.2.2: Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) -- Introduction. , Basic principles of SAXS for nanoparticle characterization -- Instrumentation -- Mean particle size determination with SAXS -- Size distribution width determination with SAXS -- Nanoparticle concentration determination with SAXS -- Core-shell nanoparticles -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3.2.3: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry -- Introduction -- Instrumentation and calibration -- Scattering and absorption of light from particles -- Useful empirical relationships for gold NPs -- Conclusions -- Standards -- References -- Chapter 3.2.4: Acoustic spectroscopy for particle size measurement of concentrated nanodispersions -- Introduction -- Milling -- Large particle content in nanodispersions, for abrasive slurries -- Nanoparticles content in dispersions with broad particle size distribution -- Stabilizing iron nanoparticles using gels -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.5: Zeta-potential measurements -- Introduction -- Definition of zeta potential and the general model of electric double layer -- Two groups of measuring methods: Electrophoresis and electroacoustics -- Electrophoresis and optical methods -- Electroacoustics for concentrated nanodispersions -- Calculation of zeta potential and importance of surface conductivity for nanoparticles -- Experimental verification of methods -- Sample preparation -- Measurement uncertainty and sources of error -- Electrophoretic light scattering measurement: Possible problems -- Incorrect entries of parameters by the operator -- Air bubbles -- Effect of the applied electric field on susceptible samples -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.1: Analytical centrifugation -- Measurement principle of analytical centrifugation -- Instrumentationandevaluation software -- Characterization purposes and case studies. , Interaction of nanoparticles and other components: Exploited for the benefit of the analysis of nanoenabled products -- Uncertainty of assumed parameters and implication on accuracy of AUC results -- Nanomedicines and nanoparticles-protein complexes -- Standards and guidelines -- Summary and outlook -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.2: Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with various detection systems -- Introduction -- General principle of FFF -- Flow FFF -- Centrifugal FFF -- Characterization of nanomaterials using FFF -- Hyphenated flow FFF and centrifugal FFF -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4.1: Volume-specific surface area by gas adsorption analysis with the BET method -- Introduction -- Specific surface area, volume-specific surface area, and the BET method -- Relationship between particle size, shape, and volume-specific surface area -- Spherical particles -- Platelet- or flake-like particles -- Bimodal samples of platelets -- Needle or fibrelike particles -- Bimodal samples of needles/fibres -- Summary of VSSA calculation results -- Instruments, experimental methods, and standards -- Experimental procedure -- Sample preparation -- Analysis -- Evaluation of adsorption data -- Strategy for using specific surface area in the assessment of particle size -- He pycnometry -- VSSA as a tool to identify nanomaterials -- References -- Chapter 4.2: Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis -- Introduction -- Sample preparation and important information -- Nature of the sample -- Technique requirements -- The context of sample preparation: Challenges due to the inherent nature of NPs -- NP nonequality and irreproducibility -- Example equivalence issues -- Nanoparticle are dynamic (like chameleons): They can change with time, handling, and environmental conditions -- Observed dynamic effects. , Implications of dynamic behaviours for sample preparation.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-814182-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (566 pages).

ISBN: 0-12-814183-2

Series Statement: Micro and nano technologies series

Content: Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles surveys this fast growing field, including established methods for the physical and chemical characterization of nanoparticles. The book focuses on sample preparation issues (including potential pitfalls), with measurement procedures described in detail. In addition, the book explores data reduction, including the quantitative evaluation of the final result and its uncertainty of measurement. The results of published inter-laboratory comparisons are referred to, along with the availability of reference materials necessary for instrument calibration and method validation. The application of these methods are illustrated with practical examples on what is routine and what remains a challenge. In addition, this book summarizes promising methods still under development and analyzes the need for complementary methods to enhance the quality of nanoparticle characterization with solutions already in operation.

Note: Front Cover -- Characterization of Nanoparticles: Measurement Processes for Nanoparticles -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Rationale -- Context -- Relevance -- Scope -- Structure -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2.1.1: Characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy -- Introduction -- Sample preparation -- SEM image acquisition -- SEM image-based particle size measurements -- SEM image-based particle shape measurements -- The effect of slight electron beam-induced contamination -- The effect of landing energy -- The effect of primary electron beam current -- The effect of sample tilt -- The effect of the number of pixels representing particles -- References -- Chapter 2.1.2: Characterization of nanomaterials by transmission electron microscopy: Measurement procedures -- Introduction -- Measuring principle of transmission electron microscopy -- Conventional bright-field TEM -- Scanning transmission electron microscopy -- Analytical TEM -- Specimen preparation for TEM analyses -- Choice of sample carriers for TEM analyses -- Tailoring TEM grids -- Sample preparation -- Drop deposition -- On-grid (ultra)centrifugation -- ESI deposition of suspensions -- Descriptive (qualitative) TEM analysis of nano-objects -- Quantitative TEM -- TEM imaging -- Aligning the microscope and calibration -- Imaging conditions -- Magnification selection and limits of quantification -- Particle detection and identification -- Number of particles to be analysed -- Data analysis and representation -- References -- Chapter 2.1.3: Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) -- Introduction to NP measurements by AFM -- Measurements of nanoparticles by AFM -- Size measurements -- Mechanical measurements -- Traceability routes at the nanometre scale -- Dimensional traceability -- Mechanical traceability. , Uncertainty assessment -- Uncertainty for size measurement -- Uncertainty for mechanical measurements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.1: Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) -- Introduction -- spICP-MS principle -- Particle number concentration measurements with spICP-MS -- Transport efficiency, `η -- Number of detected particles in time scan, `N -- Particle size determination with spICP-MS -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.1.2: Particle Tracking Analysis (PTA) -- Introduction -- Principles of operation -- Optical setup -- Identification and tracking -- Theory: Size measurement -- Notable caveats in PTA size measurement capability -- Theory: Concentration -- Other measurands -- Fluorescence -- Intensity -- Zeta potential -- PTA performance -- Representativeness and repeatability -- Reproducibility and standardization -- Advantages and disadvantages of technique -- Applications -- Suitable samples -- Exosomes -- Toxicology -- Viral vaccines -- Protein aggregation -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.1.3: Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) -- Introduction -- ES-DMA instrumentation -- Nanoparticle size measurement -- Removal/reduction of interferences with dilution of the suspension -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on centrifugation -- Removal/reduction of interferences based on thermal treatment of the aerosol -- Salt residue corrections through coupling with ICP-MS -- Nanoparticle concentration measurement in colloidal suspensions -- Quantification of nanoparticle number concentration by UV-visible calibration -- Quantification by controlled generation of nonspecific aggregates: Dilution effect case -- Quantification by direct calculation: Transmission efficiency case -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 3.1.4: Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) -- Introduction -- TRPS -- Instrument setup -- Measurements of particle size -- Measurements of particle number concentration -- Measurements of particle zeta-potential -- Other surface properties by TRPS measurements -- Summary with recommended settings for various TRPS measurements -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.1: Dynamic light scattering (DLS) -- DLS for particle size analysis -- Understanding DLS -- Measurement principle -- Technical realization -- Signal analysis -- Primary result of signal processing -- Impact of particle size distribution on the correlation function -- Method of cumulants for correlation functions -- Distribution analysis with regularized inversion -- Information content of DLS signals with respect to particle size distribution -- Brownian motion beyond Stokes-Einstein -- Impact of particle shape -- Impact of particle concentration and particle interaction -- Impact of the electric double layer in the dilute limit -- Impact of convective flow and particle migration -- Practical issues of performing DLS analyses -- Analytical chain -- Measurement range with regard to particle size and concentration -- Dispersion medium and dilution -- Dispersing procedure -- Temperature and thermal equilibration -- Duration of measurement -- Selection of scattering angle -- Signal quality -- International standards and guidelines -- Application of DLS to specific analytical tasks -- DLS for size analysis of nanoparticles with low polydispersity -- DLS for highly accurate size analysis of nanoparticles -- DLS for assessing the progress of dispersion -- DLS for simultaneous determination of particle size and concentration -- Bibliography -- Standards -- Textbooks -- References -- Chapter 3.2.2: Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) -- Introduction. , Basic principles of SAXS for nanoparticle characterization -- Instrumentation -- Mean particle size determination with SAXS -- Size distribution width determination with SAXS -- Nanoparticle concentration determination with SAXS -- Core-shell nanoparticles -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3.2.3: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry -- Introduction -- Instrumentation and calibration -- Scattering and absorption of light from particles -- Useful empirical relationships for gold NPs -- Conclusions -- Standards -- References -- Chapter 3.2.4: Acoustic spectroscopy for particle size measurement of concentrated nanodispersions -- Introduction -- Milling -- Large particle content in nanodispersions, for abrasive slurries -- Nanoparticles content in dispersions with broad particle size distribution -- Stabilizing iron nanoparticles using gels -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3.2.5: Zeta-potential measurements -- Introduction -- Definition of zeta potential and the general model of electric double layer -- Two groups of measuring methods: Electrophoresis and electroacoustics -- Electrophoresis and optical methods -- Electroacoustics for concentrated nanodispersions -- Calculation of zeta potential and importance of surface conductivity for nanoparticles -- Experimental verification of methods -- Sample preparation -- Measurement uncertainty and sources of error -- Electrophoretic light scattering measurement: Possible problems -- Incorrect entries of parameters by the operator -- Air bubbles -- Effect of the applied electric field on susceptible samples -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.1: Analytical centrifugation -- Measurement principle of analytical centrifugation -- Instrumentationandevaluation software -- Characterization purposes and case studies. , Interaction of nanoparticles and other components: Exploited for the benefit of the analysis of nanoenabled products -- Uncertainty of assumed parameters and implication on accuracy of AUC results -- Nanomedicines and nanoparticles-protein complexes -- Standards and guidelines -- Summary and outlook -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3.2: Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with various detection systems -- Introduction -- General principle of FFF -- Flow FFF -- Centrifugal FFF -- Characterization of nanomaterials using FFF -- Hyphenated flow FFF and centrifugal FFF -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4.1: Volume-specific surface area by gas adsorption analysis with the BET method -- Introduction -- Specific surface area, volume-specific surface area, and the BET method -- Relationship between particle size, shape, and volume-specific surface area -- Spherical particles -- Platelet- or flake-like particles -- Bimodal samples of platelets -- Needle or fibrelike particles -- Bimodal samples of needles/fibres -- Summary of VSSA calculation results -- Instruments, experimental methods, and standards -- Experimental procedure -- Sample preparation -- Analysis -- Evaluation of adsorption data -- Strategy for using specific surface area in the assessment of particle size -- He pycnometry -- VSSA as a tool to identify nanomaterials -- References -- Chapter 4.2: Preparation of nanoparticles for surface analysis -- Introduction -- Sample preparation and important information -- Nature of the sample -- Technique requirements -- The context of sample preparation: Challenges due to the inherent nature of NPs -- NP nonequality and irreproducibility -- Example equivalence issues -- Nanoparticle are dynamic (like chameleons): They can change with time, handling, and environmental conditions -- Observed dynamic effects. , Implications of dynamic behaviours for sample preparation.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-814182-4

Language: English