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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vitenskapelig (u)redelighet (2016)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1778610374
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (208 p.)
    ISBN: 9788202522063
    Content: Since the 1980’s, there has been a marked increase in disclosures of fraud in research. Cases of scientific fraud and misconduct do not only damage society’s confidence in research, they also contribute to reduce the trustworthiness in research in itself. Research ethics, however, involve much more than investigations of misconduct. How can we encourage good scientific practice? What does honest research entail? Which gray areas exist, and when is the limit to misconduct crossed? How should allegations of misconduct be handled? What are the consequences of fraud, and what sanctions should follow? In this anthology, Norwegian researches contribute to the discussion of various perspectives on scientific integrity and misconduct. The purpose of this book is not to give unequivocal or definitive answers to what scientific misconduct is, but to convey a diversity of positions and perspectives. Some of these are overlapping, others contradictory - which also reflects the field internationally. This anthology is an important resource for students and researchers, particularly in education and training. In addition, it will also provide insights for others involved in the prevention of misconduct and the promotion of good scientific practice
    Note: Uncoded languages
    Language: Miscellaneous languages
    URL: kostenfrei
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vagueness in the Exact Sciences : Impacts in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Engineering and Computing (2021)
    Berlin ; : De Gruyter,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9959941231502883
    Format: 1 online resource (X, 186 p.)
    ISBN: 9783110704303
    Series Statement: De Gruyter STEM
    Content: The book starts with the assumption that vagueness is a fundamental property of this world. From a philosophical account of vagueness via the presentation of alternative mathematics of vagueness, the subsequent chapters explore how vagueness manifests itself in the various exact sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, computer science, and engineering.
    Note: Frontmatter -- , Preface -- , Contents -- , List of Contributing Authors -- , 1 Vagueness from the philosophical point of view -- , 2 Vague mathematics -- , 3 Vague theory of computation -- , 4 Fuzzy hypotheses tests with crisp data using nonasymptotic fuzzy estimators -- , 5 Fuzzy sets in quantum mechanics -- , 6 Vagueness in chemistry -- , 7 Vagueness in medicine: on indistinct phenomena, vague concepts, and uncertain knowledge -- , 8 Vagueness in technology -- , 9 The semiotic topos of vagueness -- , Index of notation -- , Index of people , In English.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110704372
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783110704181
    Language: English
    Subjects: Natural Sciences
    RVK:
    TB 6500
    DOI: 10.1515/9783110704303
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110704303
    URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110704303
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110704303
    URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110704303
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110704303
    URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9783110704303
    URL: Cover
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    HU Berlin
    FU Berlin
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Ethical Frameworks for the Assessment of Human Cognitive Enhancement Applications / (2017)
    Cham :Springer,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_BV044257376
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 62 p).
    ISBN: 978-3-319-53823-5
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Ethics
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-53822-8
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53823-5
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    Charité
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethics in health technology assessments (HTA) / (2008)
    Oslo :Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9961517059802883
    Format: 1 online resource (5 pages)
    Content: Background Since the heyday of HTA it has been claimed that ethics is an integral part of HTA. However, few HTA reports have addressed moral issues, and there has been little agreement on methods for implementing ethics in HTA. Therefore, there is a need to develop a standard methodology for addressing ethical issues in HTA in the same manner as there is a methodology for systematic reviews and economic analysis. Accordingly, the purpose of this report is to present a practical method for addressing moral issues in HTA. The method has to be applicable without special knowledge in ethics, and when applied, the method shall result in a broad basis for an open and transparent decision process. Accordingly, it shall only highlight the moral issues, and not lead to specific recommendations. Method On the basis of analyses and assessments of existing methods in ethics in general and in HTA in particular, a practical procedure for addressing moral issues in HTA is to be developed and presented. Results A practical method for addressing moral issues in HTA is presented. The method consists of a procedure in six steps:1. Identify and analyze the moral challenges with the health technology2. Identify involved persons, groups, and stakeholders3. Identify relevant moral questions (from a list of questions) and justify the selection4. Perform literature search in accordance with the identified moral questions5. Analyze and discuss the moral questions identified (in step 3) on the basis of1.1. The literature search1.2. Hearings of involved parties or qualitative studies6. Wrap up and summarize the process. The core set of moral questions in step 3 belong to the following main groups: 1. General moral issues. 2. Moral issues related to stakeholders 3. Moral issues related to the health technology. 4. Moral issues related to methodological choices in HTA. 5. Moral issues related to HTA itself. Addressing the moral issues shall result in a broad basis for an open and transparent decision process. Conclusion A practical procedure has been developed for ethical analysis in HTA, based on an analysis of existing methods. The procedure is based on six steps and a selection of 32 moral issues to be addressed.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 82-8121-223-3
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Charité
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethical challenges with implementing prophylactic vaccines against human papilloma virus (HPV) / (2008)
    Oslo :Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9961517059902883
    Format: 1 online resource (page 6)
    Content: Background About 300 women get cervical cancer and about 100 die from cervical cancer every year in Norway. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by continuous infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), and over 120 strains of HPV have been identified. About 14 of these are are oncogenic. HPV-16 and HPV-18 can be found in about 70% of of the women with cervical cancer. Most HPV infections will cease by themselves, but where the infections persist, there is an increased risk for cellular changes. There exist vaccines against HPV 16/18, but there is yet no evidence that the vaccine is effective against cervical cancer. This has incited fierce debates on whether to introduce the HPV vaccine in national or statewide vaccination programs. This report aims at highlighting and discussing the moral aspects that are relevant for the decision making process with regards to HPV vaccine. Method The report uses a method developed for addressing ethical issues in health technology assessments (HTAs) that discusses central moral questions related to health interventions. The aim is not to give unequivocal answers to the questions, but rather to elucidate arguments and aspects that are important for decision makers and stake holders. Results The potential utility of HPV-16/18 vaccination is considerable, but morally challenging, as the real impact of HPV vaccination on cervical cancer is not known, and the vaccine is costly. Vaccination is an intervention towards healthy people, calling for special attention, especially as there is considerable uncertainty about its effects and side effects. It is challenging to assess future utility of potential prophylactic interventions against the utility of health interventions today. HPV vaccine of children is also challenging with respect to informed consent. Informing the public and potential persons to receive the vaccine appears to be a considerable challenge. Conclusion HPV vaccination can potentially save 40 women from getting cervical cancer every year and 13 from dying, but there is no evidence for this, and vaccination is costly. That raises a series of morally challenging issues that are important to address when deciding whether to implement the vaccine or not (and how to implement it).
    Additional Edition: ISBN 82-8121-217-9
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Charité
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethical challenges with implementing prophylactic vaccines against human papilloma virus (HPV) / (2008)
    Oslo :Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9961517059902883
    Format: 1 online resource (page 6)
    Content: Background About 300 women get cervical cancer and about 100 die from cervical cancer every year in Norway. Cervical cancer is primarily caused by continuous infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), and over 120 strains of HPV have been identified. About 14 of these are are oncogenic. HPV-16 and HPV-18 can be found in about 70% of of the women with cervical cancer. Most HPV infections will cease by themselves, but where the infections persist, there is an increased risk for cellular changes. There exist vaccines against HPV 16/18, but there is yet no evidence that the vaccine is effective against cervical cancer. This has incited fierce debates on whether to introduce the HPV vaccine in national or statewide vaccination programs. This report aims at highlighting and discussing the moral aspects that are relevant for the decision making process with regards to HPV vaccine. Method The report uses a method developed for addressing ethical issues in health technology assessments (HTAs) that discusses central moral questions related to health interventions. The aim is not to give unequivocal answers to the questions, but rather to elucidate arguments and aspects that are important for decision makers and stake holders. Results The potential utility of HPV-16/18 vaccination is considerable, but morally challenging, as the real impact of HPV vaccination on cervical cancer is not known, and the vaccine is costly. Vaccination is an intervention towards healthy people, calling for special attention, especially as there is considerable uncertainty about its effects and side effects. It is challenging to assess future utility of potential prophylactic interventions against the utility of health interventions today. HPV vaccine of children is also challenging with respect to informed consent. Informing the public and potential persons to receive the vaccine appears to be a considerable challenge. Conclusion HPV vaccination can potentially save 40 women from getting cervical cancer every year and 13 from dying, but there is no evidence for this, and vaccination is costly. That raises a series of morally challenging issues that are important to address when deciding whether to implement the vaccine or not (and how to implement it).
    Additional Edition: ISBN 82-8121-217-9
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    FU Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethics in health technology assessments (HTA) / (2008)
    Oslo :Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9961517059802883
    Format: 1 online resource (5 pages)
    Content: Background Since the heyday of HTA it has been claimed that ethics is an integral part of HTA. However, few HTA reports have addressed moral issues, and there has been little agreement on methods for implementing ethics in HTA. Therefore, there is a need to develop a standard methodology for addressing ethical issues in HTA in the same manner as there is a methodology for systematic reviews and economic analysis. Accordingly, the purpose of this report is to present a practical method for addressing moral issues in HTA. The method has to be applicable without special knowledge in ethics, and when applied, the method shall result in a broad basis for an open and transparent decision process. Accordingly, it shall only highlight the moral issues, and not lead to specific recommendations. Method On the basis of analyses and assessments of existing methods in ethics in general and in HTA in particular, a practical procedure for addressing moral issues in HTA is to be developed and presented. Results A practical method for addressing moral issues in HTA is presented. The method consists of a procedure in six steps:1. Identify and analyze the moral challenges with the health technology2. Identify involved persons, groups, and stakeholders3. Identify relevant moral questions (from a list of questions) and justify the selection4. Perform literature search in accordance with the identified moral questions5. Analyze and discuss the moral questions identified (in step 3) on the basis of1.1. The literature search1.2. Hearings of involved parties or qualitative studies6. Wrap up and summarize the process. The core set of moral questions in step 3 belong to the following main groups: 1. General moral issues. 2. Moral issues related to stakeholders 3. Moral issues related to the health technology. 4. Moral issues related to methodological choices in HTA. 5. Moral issues related to HTA itself. Addressing the moral issues shall result in a broad basis for an open and transparent decision process. Conclusion A practical procedure has been developed for ethical analysis in HTA, based on an analysis of existing methods. The procedure is based on six steps and a selection of 32 moral issues to be addressed.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 82-8121-223-3
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    FU Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Ethical Frameworks for the Assessment of Human Cognitive Enhancement Applications / (2017)
    Cham :Springer,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_BV044257376
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 62 p).
    ISBN: 978-3-319-53823-5
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Ethics
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-319-53822-8
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53823-5
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Charité
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