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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Capital Adjustment and the Optimal Fuel Choice (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048270101
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper analyzes the important, yet often ignored, link between capital adjustment and the choice of fuels used by manufacturing firms. A novel econometric framework, which explicitly incorporates heterogeneous fuel-using capital stocks in the estimation of optimal fuel choice, is applied to a large panel of Irish manufacturing firms. The econometric estimates show a significant variation in the optimal response of capital to changing fuel prices across different fuel-using technologies. For all the technologies, significant costs to capital adjustment are found. The costs are much larger compared with earlier estimates of adjustment costs based on lagged values of output and fuel prices. The findings imply that the path to full adjustment of capital stocks in response to changing fuel prices may be much longer than was previously thought
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Hyland, Marie Capital Adjustment and the Optimal Fuel Choice Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7857
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uncharted Waters : The New Economics of Water Scarcity and Variability (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048267018
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p)
    ISBN: 9781464811807
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The 21st century will witness the collision of two powerful forces - burgeoning population growth, together with a changing climate. With population growth, water scarcity will proliferate to new areas across the globe. And with climate change, rainfall will become more fickle, with longer and deeper periods of droughts and deluges. This report presents new evidence to advance understanding on how rainfall shocks coupled with water scarcity, impacts farms, firms, and families. On farms, the largest consumers of water in the world, impacts are channeled from declining yields to changing landscapes. In cities, water extremes especially when combined with unreliable infrastructure can stall firm production, sales, and revenue. At the center of this are families, who feel the impacts of this uncertainty on their incomes, jobs, and long-term health and welfare. Although a rainfall shock may be fleeting, its consequences can become permanent and shape the destiny of those who experience it. Pursuing business as usual will lead many countries down a 'parched path' where droughts shape destinies. Avoiding this misery in slow motion will call for fundamental changes to water policy around the globe. Building resilience to rainfall variability will require using different policy instruments to address the multifaceted nature of water. A key message of this report is that water has multiple economic attributes, each of which entail distinct policy responses. If water is not managed more prudently--from source, to tap, and back to source--the crises observed today will become the catastrophes of tomorrow
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781464811791
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1179-1
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Evolution of Maternity and Paternity Leave Policies over Five Decades : A Global Analysis (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079638
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    Content: This research analyzes the evolution of maternity and paternity leave across the world, covering 190 countries over 52 years. The data show striking differences both within and between countries in how leave distribution for parents upon the birth of a child has evolved. The study finds that, across all regions, there have been notable increases in the number of leave days a mother can take. The absolute increase in the number of leave days for mothers has been greatest in Europe and Central Asia, followed by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development high-income economies. However, apart from the high-income economies, the number of leave days allocated to fathers has increased by only a fraction of the amount for mothers. An analysis of the correlations between relative leave allocation and women's labor market outcomes suggests that where the disparity in the allocation of leave days is greater, women's participation in the labor market may be lower. However, the study finds no evidence of any association between the gender gap in leave allocation and other labor market outcomes, including the gender wage gap and women's representation at the managerial level
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Hyland, Marie The Evolution of Maternity and Paternity Leave Policies over Five Decades: A Global Analysis Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2022
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10215
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10215
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gendered Laws, Informal Origins, and Subsequent Performance (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049080988
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)
    Content: This research explores the relationship between laws that discriminate on the basis of gender and the probability that a female-owned business begins operating in the informal sector. This is achieved by tracing the origins of formal businesses surveyed in the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and merging this with information on the level of legal equality between genders as measured by the Women, Business and the Law database. In addition, the research explores whether starting a business informally has any differential effect on subsequent firm performance depending on the gender of the owner(s). The results show that gender discriminatory laws increase the likelihood that firms with female owners will begin operations in the informal sector; as expected, this does not hold for enterprises that are solely owned by men. Furthermore, the research provides evidence that firms that began operations informally have poorer performance years later-a relationship that exists both for firms with female owners and for firms fully owned by men. The results show notable variation by region
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9766
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9766
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gendered Laws and Women's Financial Inclusion (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079333
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten)
    Content: This paper documents the relationship between legal gender equality and the use of financial services, using individual-level data from 148 developed and developing economies. The analysis, which combines data from the Global Findex and Women, Business and the Law databases, highlights the existence of a significant and positive correlation between gender equality in the law and women's access to financial products. The results show that greater legal equality alleviates women's involuntary financial exclusion. The findings also suggest that prevailing adverse social norms can 0ify the beneficial effects of legal equality, and that better implementation of the law can facilitate a stronger relationship between legal frameworks and women's financial inclusion
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Perrin, Caroline Gendered Laws and Women's Financial Inclusion Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2023
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10282
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10282
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making it big : why developing countries need more large firms (2020)
    Washington : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_177428894X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (pages cm)
    ISBN: 9781464815577
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Firms of different sizes play different roles in organized markets and societies. This report focuses on the particular role that larger firms - firms with 100 employees or more - play in this ecosystem. It shows that larger firms in developing countries have distinct features that set them apart from the rest. These features are closely associated with productivity advantages - their ability not only to lower costs of production through economies of scale and scope, but also to invest in quality and reach demand. These distinct features of large firms translate into improved outcomes for their owners as well as for workers and smaller enterprises in their value chains. The fundamental challenge for economic development, however, is that production often does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. What is missing are larger, more productive, and outward-oriented firms. The scarcity of larger firms raises the question of how they are created in lower income contexts, and where frictions lie in this process. This report shows that four types of sponsors are often behind large firms: foreign firms creating new affiliates; domestic sponsors having experience with other large firms; governments; and entrepreneurs. Growth paths of large firms also show that distinguishing features of large firms are often in place from the time they are established. Therefore, supporting small firms to grow large is one means for creating large firms, but not sufficient on its own. To fill the 'missing top', governments should support the creation of new large firms from different sources, improve market contestability, and address operational barriers that disproportionally affect larger firms. The challenge lies in balancing the desire for efficiency and welfare benefits of large firms, while avoiding the inefficiencies that result when large firms acquire monopoly power. For development finance institutions seeking to promote a dynamic and competitive private sector, taking a value chain perspective and partnering with larger firms in each indutry - both incumbent firms and new challengers - can benefit firms across the size spectrum--
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781464815584
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781464815577
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781464815577
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1557-7
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The drivers and impacts of water infrastructure reliability : a global analysis of manufacturing firms (2018)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1665269812
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8637
    Content: Inadequate infrastructure impedes the productivity of manufacturing firms, with negative consequences for the wider economy. This study examines how water infrastructure copes with severe weather fluctuations and analyzes the effect of unreliable water supplies on the productivity of manufacturing firms, focusing predominately on firms in developing economies. This is achieved using firm-level data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering more than 16,000 manufacturing firms in a cross-section of 103 countries between 2009 and 2015. The study finds that periods of significantly low rainfall lead to higher water outages, and that the overall impact is driven by the effects of drought on low-income and lower-middle-income economies, with upper-middle-income and high-income economies benefitting from more resilient water infrastructure. Furthermore, the study finds that incidents of water outages lead to lower firm productivity for firms in less developed economies. For the average firm located in a low-income or lower-middle-income economy, one additional water outage incident per day in a typical month can lead to losses of approximately 8.2 percent of annual sales. This finding calls for increased policy focus on water infrastructure services, particularly in poorer countries where water infrastructure and firms seem to be particularly vulnerable to the vagaries of rainfall
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Islam, Asif The Drivers And Impacts of Water Infrastructure Reliability: A Global Analysis of Manufacturing Firms Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8637
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are management practices failing or aiding the private sector in South America? (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1666286583
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8783
    Content: An expanding body of literature has shown that better management practices can offer significant boosts to firms' productivity; this research illustrates that firms in South America are no exception. Using recent Enterprise Survey data from seven countries in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay), the paper explores the various dimensions and drivers of management practices and analyzes how they are related to productivity. This is an important topic to investigate, given the lagging levels of productivity growth in the region. If management practices can boost firms' productivity, this may be a cost-effective way to accelerate economic growth. The results show that improved management practices are associated with higher levels of productivity in all countries, and it is the impact of improved management specifically in larger firms that is driving the overall results. Indeed, in some countries, specifically Argentina, Paraguay, and Peru, it is only among larger firms that there is a positive link between management practices and productivity
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Hyland, Marie Caitriona Are Management Practices Failing or Aiding the Private Sector in South America? Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8783
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gendered laws (2019)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics Vice Presidency (DEC) & Office of the Chief Economist
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1691177822
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9080
    Content: This paper offers for the first time a global picture of gender discrimination by the law as it affects women's economic opportunity and charts the evolution of legal inequalities over five decades. Using the World Bank's newly extended Women, Business and the Law database, the paper documents large and persistent gender inequalities, especially with regard to equal pay and treatment of parenthood. The paper finds positive associations between improvements in the law and several labor market outcomes, and establishes a small, but over time increasing, causal impact of more equal laws on higher female labor force participation
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Marie Caitriona Hyland Gendered Laws Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2019
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9080
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discriminatory environment, firms’ discriminatory behavior, and women’s employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1713910241
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9224
    Content: This paper contributes to better understanding firms' discriminatory behavior in the presence of gender-based legal discrimination and its linkages with labor market outcomes for women in a developing country setting. Using data collected through the World Bank Enterprise Surveys in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the paper documents the existence of nonnegligible employer discrimination and limitations in women's autonomy in the presence of a discriminatory environment. Interestingly, these are more pervasive outside the capital city, Kinshasa, which suggests that cultural norms or differences in regulation enforcement may be at play. The paper also finds that firms' discriminatory behavior harms women's labor market outcomes, in their representation among the upper echelons of management and participation in the overall workforce. The negative relationship between restrictions from discriminatory behaviors and female employment is particularly strong in the manufacturing sector
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Hyland, Marie Discriminatory Environment, Firms' Discriminatory Behavior, and Women's Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2020
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9224
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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