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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Getting Real? : The Uneven Burden of Inflation across Households in Turkey (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9960786830102883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Inflation is typically measured using aggregate price indices that are based on bundles of goods and services sold or consumed by the "median" agent. In the case of households, in particular, budget shares vary substantially across income and demographic groups. Assessing how inflation behaves at the household level requires understanding how heterogenous changes in consumer prices affect household choices and well-being differently. In recent years, price increases have been particularly high in Turkey, with double-digit inflation starting in 2017 and intensifying in 2018 and 2020 due to exchange rate volatility, macroeconomic instability, and the economic disruption brought about by Covid-19. This paper calculates income-decile price indices to examine the inflation experience across income groups and discusses their implications for household welfare. Households in the first decile allocate nearly 70 percent of their budget to food and housing, twice as much as the corresponding share for the typical household in the upper decile. Inflation measures that consider these heterogeneities in expenditures show a higher burden for the poor in recent inflation episodes driven by rapid increases in food prices (2013, 2015 and 2019). In 2015, for instance, 342,000 additional people would have been deemed poor (an increase of 4.2 percent) had the poverty calculations taken into account the actual inflation experience of poor and vulnerable households. A methodological extension of the World Bank's upper-middle-income poverty line (USD 5.50 2011 purchasing power parity) that takes into consideration the inflation experience of the bottom deciles yields higher poverty rates for Turkey every year between 2011 and 2020.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9869
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What are the Impacts of Syrian Refugees on Host Community Welfare in Turkey? : A Subnational Poverty Analysis (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143942002883
    Format: 1 online resource (38 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In recent years, Turkey has been host to more than two million Syrians seeking refuge. Initially concentrated in the southeastern regions, these refugees now reside throughout the country. There are many questions from policy makers regarding the impact of the population of Syrians Under Temporary Protection on the host community. This paper examines the impact of migrants on regional host communities from a poverty perspective. The paper does not find any negative impacts on poverty for the host community from the increasing population of Syrians Under Temporary Protection as of 2013, despite the high poverty rates experienced among the recent migrants.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7542
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Equitable is Access to Finance in Turkey? : Evidence from the Latest Global FINDEX (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143942102883
    Format: 1 online resource (52 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Access to finance is a key component of poverty reduction, as it enables individuals to make economic decisions that can improve their welfare. The equality of access among different groups in society is also crucial for correctly allocating the positive benefits of improved financial services. In Turkey, bank account, debit card, and credit card ownership, which can serve as the main indicators of access to finance, are at a remarkably high level. However, adjusting the coverage rate of these indicators by controlling for age, education, gender, an income reveals that gender is the main source of inequality in Turkey at the individual level. Despite the progress made in addressing the gender disparity in access to finance between 2011 and 2014, females in Turkey continue to be financially less included. Moreover, Turkey's low level of savings and high rate of informal borrowing compared with its peers diminish individuals' resilience to future shocks. Promisingly, Turkey has been able to improve its rate of savings significantly over the past few years, although it continues to be among the countries that save at a lower level.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7541
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When and Where Do We See Regional Poverty Reduction and Convergence? : Lessons from the Roof of Turkey (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958143942202883
    Format: 1 online resource (63 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In the past decade, Turkey has experienced a notable level of poverty reduction at all levels (extreme poor, poor, and vulnerable). The steady decline in poverty was also resilient to the decline in gross domestic product per capita growth during the crisis. However, although poverty convergence was strong before the financial crisis, there was an absence of regional convergence afterward. This paper analyzes poverty trends, poverty convergence, economic mobility, and the determinants of poverty reduction at the regional level over the period 2006-13. The analysis finds that agricultural growth in the east was an important contributor to Turkey's regional poverty reduction. In additionally, employment growth in the services sectors boosted poverty reduction throughout the entire country. From a fiscal perspective, the amount of per capita central spending is also linked to poverty reduction, although more strongly for regions in the west.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7540
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Many Faces of Deprivation : A Multidimensional Approach to Poverty in Armenia (2017)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_9958296081402883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: This note describes a new measure of multidimensional poverty developed for Armenia. In 2013, the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia and the World Bank began work on a national measure of multidimensional poverty to supplement the consumption poverty indicator. This measure, which was identified through consultations with many stakeholders in Armenia, reflects deprivations specific to Armenia in the areas of education, health, labor, housing conditions, and basic needs. The approach offers insights into the complexity, depth, and persistence of poverty in the country; tailoring it specifically to the country context enhances its relevance for policy. This note uses the new measure to describe national trends and regional patterns.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8179
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Fulltext
    Fulltext
    FU Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    Charité
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Many Faces of Deprivation : A Multidimensional Approach to Poverty in Armenia (2017)
    World Bank, Washington, DC
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1759638463
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Poverty and Equity Global Practice Working Paper Series No. 118
    Content: This note describes a new measure of multidimensional poverty developed for Armenia. In 2013, the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia and the World Bank began work on a national measure of multidimensional poverty to supplement the consumption poverty indicator. This measure, which was identified through consultations with many stakeholders in Armenia, reflects deprivations specific to Armenia in the areas of education, health, labor, housing conditions, and basic needs. The approach offers insights into the complexity, depth, and persistence of poverty in the country; tailoring it specifically to the country context enhances its relevance for policy. This note uses the new measure to describe national trends and regional patterns
    Note: Armenia , Europe and Central Asia , English , en_US
    Language: Undetermined
    URL: kostenfrei
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Stabi Berlin
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Equitable is Access to Finance in Turkey? : Evidence from the Latest Global FINDEX (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958143942102883
    Format: 1 online resource (52 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Access to finance is a key component of poverty reduction, as it enables individuals to make economic decisions that can improve their welfare. The equality of access among different groups in society is also crucial for correctly allocating the positive benefits of improved financial services. In Turkey, bank account, debit card, and credit card ownership, which can serve as the main indicators of access to finance, are at a remarkably high level. However, adjusting the coverage rate of these indicators by controlling for age, education, gender, an income reveals that gender is the main source of inequality in Turkey at the individual level. Despite the progress made in addressing the gender disparity in access to finance between 2011 and 2014, females in Turkey continue to be financially less included. Moreover, Turkey's low level of savings and high rate of informal borrowing compared with its peers diminish individuals' resilience to future shocks. Promisingly, Turkey has been able to improve its rate of savings significantly over the past few years, although it continues to be among the countries that save at a lower level.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7541
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Equitable is Access to Finance in Turkey? : Evidence from the Latest Global FINDEX (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9958143942102883
    Format: 1 online resource (52 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Access to finance is a key component of poverty reduction, as it enables individuals to make economic decisions that can improve their welfare. The equality of access among different groups in society is also crucial for correctly allocating the positive benefits of improved financial services. In Turkey, bank account, debit card, and credit card ownership, which can serve as the main indicators of access to finance, are at a remarkably high level. However, adjusting the coverage rate of these indicators by controlling for age, education, gender, an income reveals that gender is the main source of inequality in Turkey at the individual level. Despite the progress made in addressing the gender disparity in access to finance between 2011 and 2014, females in Turkey continue to be financially less included. Moreover, Turkey's low level of savings and high rate of informal borrowing compared with its peers diminish individuals' resilience to future shocks. Promisingly, Turkey has been able to improve its rate of savings significantly over the past few years, although it continues to be among the countries that save at a lower level.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7541
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When and Where Do We See Regional Poverty Reduction and Convergence? : Lessons from the Roof of Turkey (2016)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edocfu_9958143942202883
    Format: 1 online resource (63 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: In the past decade, Turkey has experienced a notable level of poverty reduction at all levels (extreme poor, poor, and vulnerable). The steady decline in poverty was also resilient to the decline in gross domestic product per capita growth during the crisis. However, although poverty convergence was strong before the financial crisis, there was an absence of regional convergence afterward. This paper analyzes poverty trends, poverty convergence, economic mobility, and the determinants of poverty reduction at the regional level over the period 2006-13. The analysis finds that agricultural growth in the east was an important contributor to Turkey's regional poverty reduction. In additionally, employment growth in the services sectors boosted poverty reduction throughout the entire country. From a fiscal perspective, the amount of per capita central spending is also linked to poverty reduction, although more strongly for regions in the west.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7540
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Getting Real? : The Uneven Burden of Inflation across Households in Turkey (2021)
    Washington, D.C. :The World Bank,
    Details
    UID:
    edoccha_9960786830102883
    Format: 1 online resource (32 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Inflation is typically measured using aggregate price indices that are based on bundles of goods and services sold or consumed by the "median" agent. In the case of households, in particular, budget shares vary substantially across income and demographic groups. Assessing how inflation behaves at the household level requires understanding how heterogenous changes in consumer prices affect household choices and well-being differently. In recent years, price increases have been particularly high in Turkey, with double-digit inflation starting in 2017 and intensifying in 2018 and 2020 due to exchange rate volatility, macroeconomic instability, and the economic disruption brought about by Covid-19. This paper calculates income-decile price indices to examine the inflation experience across income groups and discusses their implications for household welfare. Households in the first decile allocate nearly 70 percent of their budget to food and housing, twice as much as the corresponding share for the typical household in the upper decile. Inflation measures that consider these heterogeneities in expenditures show a higher burden for the poor in recent inflation episodes driven by rapid increases in food prices (2013, 2015 and 2019). In 2015, for instance, 342,000 additional people would have been deemed poor (an increase of 4.2 percent) had the poverty calculations taken into account the actual inflation experience of poor and vulnerable households. A methodological extension of the World Bank's upper-middle-income poverty line (USD 5.50 2011 purchasing power parity) that takes into consideration the inflation experience of the bottom deciles yields higher poverty rates for Turkey every year between 2011 and 2020.
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9869
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    Charité
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