UID:
almahu_9949198653202882
Format:
XVI, 408 p.
,
online resource.
Edition:
1st ed. 1979.
ISBN:
9781468434972
Content:
Some seven years before Kerr's death, Larmor proposed that electric birefringence had its origin in the orientation of anisotropic molecules or elements within the apparently isotropic medium. The theory for this concept was formulated by Langevin. During the next half century, occasional measurements were made both to characterise the phenomenon and to evaluate the relevant physico-chemical parameters of pure liquids and molecular fluids. During the 1930-40 era, Staudinger and others demonstrated the existence in nature of giant molecules and colloidal particles. Since that time it has slowly but increasingly been realised that these big molecules or particles often have relatively large dipole moments, are generally anisotropic in structure and hence, in solution or suspension, give rise to significant electric birefringence signals. Furthermore, there have been three electronic innovations which have greatly eased the experimental measurement of the effect for such materials. These were the development of photomultiplier tubes for detection, of oscillo scope~ for display and of high voltage generators developing bursts or pulses of potential difference. The last mentioned enable the experi menter to study the Kerr effect not only for its amplitude but also in the time domain. The rates of molecular response to the switching of the electric field lead directly to information on the size and geo metry of the constituent molecules and particles in a dilute solution or suspension.
Note:
Theoretical Advances -- Specific Kerr Constants of Rigid, Ellipsoidal Macromolecules in Conducting Solution at Very Low Ionic Strength -- Transient Electric Birefringence of Macromolecular Solutions at Reversing Fields of Arbitrary Strength and Duration -- The Limit of the Numerical Method of Inverting the Laplace Transformation and the Uniqueness of Relaxation Distribution Function Obtained by the Method -- Low Angle Approximations to the Theory of Alternating Electric Field Light Scattering -- A Theory of Dynamic Light-Scattering by Flexible Macromolecules in a Fluctuating Electric Field -- Electro-Optical Responses of Chiral Substances -- Absorption Phenomena -- An Instrument for the Measurement of Electric Dichroism -- Simultaneous Measurement of Dichroism and Birefringence on Suspensions of Absorbing Particles -- Electric Dichroism of Purple Membrane -- Electrochromism of Organic Dyes in Polymer Matrices -- Electrically Induced Fluorescence Changes from Solutions of Dye Tagged Polyribonucleotides -- Polarized Fluorescence in an Electric Field: Theoretical Calculation at Arbitrary Fields. Experimental Comparison with Other Electrooptical Effects. Saturation of the Induced Dipole Moment in Polyelectrolytes -- Nucleic Acids and Polynucleotides -- Dielectric Properties of Low-Molecular Weight DNA in Aqueous Solutions at Low Ionic Strength -- Electro-Optic Measurement of ?-ray Induced Damage in DNA -- Physical Studies of Hg(ll) and Ag(l) DNA Complexes - Theory -- Electric-Field Induced Orientation of Polynucleotides -- The Stabilized Induced Dipole in Solutions of Polynucleotides -- Biological Systems -- Electro-Optical Properties of Nucleosomes and Nucleosomal DNA -- Polarisability Anisotropy as an Indicator of the Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Sensitive, Dependent and Resistant Strains of E. coli -- Rotational Diffusion Coefficients of Complex Macromolecules -- Determination of Rotational Diffusion Coefficients of the Bacteriophages T4B and T7 by Depolarized Dynamic Light Scattering. The Influence of Double Scattering -- Effects of Calcium and ATP on the Conformation of F-Actin in Vivo and In Vitro -- Electric Birefringence of Cartilage Proteoglycan and its Association with Hyaluronic Acid -- An Electrical Birefringence Study of the Contribution of Permanent and Induced Dipole Moments to Acid-Soluble Collagen Polarization -- Polyelectrolytes and Polymers -- Electro-Optical Changes in Biopolymers - Chemical and Rotational Contributions -- Reversal of Birefringence Sign of Natural and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes in the Presence of Metal Cations and Coordination Complexes -- Electro-Optic Study of the Conformational Changes Induced in Partially Charged Poly-4-Vinylpyridine by Ions of Heavy Metals -- Kerr Constants of Naturally-Occurring ?-Amino Acids in Aqueous Solution -- A Bridge Method for Measuring the Dielectric Relaxation of Conducting Solutions -- Photoconductivity and Dielectric Properties of Polyhexamethylene Adipamide -- Colloidal Systems -- Electro-Optic Studies of Colloids and their Stability -- Size Distributions of Rigid Colloids from Transient Birefringence Data -- Length Dependence of the Ionic Contribution to the Anisotropy of the Electrical Polarisability for Rigid Rods -- Flow Alignment of a Colloidal Solution Which Can Undergo a Transition from the Isotropic to the Nematic Phase (Liquid Crystal) -- Quasi-Crystals Produced By Colloidal Photochrome Dyes in an Applied Electric Field -- Effect of CTAB on Colloidal Suspensions of Sepiolite - A Study by Light Scattering, Electric Birefringence, Laser Line Broadening and Electrophoretic Light Scattering -- Laser and High Field Effects -- Some Evidences for a Conformational Change of Polypeptide Induced by Strong Electric Fields -- Nonlinear Dielectric Effect of PBLG in Nonpolar Medium -- Laser and Electric Field Induced Kerr Effect Studies on Nematic Liquid Crystals -- Slow Non-Critical Molecular Reorientation in the Isotropic Phases of Nematogens -- A Comparison of Optico-Optical Scattering and Birefringence Measurements on Wyoming Sodium Bentonite Suspensions -- Laser Photoinduced Changes in the High Frequency Dielectric Constant of Chloroplasts and Dyes -- Relation Between Electric Field-Induced Optical Rectification and Electro-Optic Kerr Effect in Macromolecular Solutions.
In:
Springer Nature eBook
Additional Edition:
Printed edition: ISBN 9781468434996
Additional Edition:
Printed edition: ISBN 9780306401695
Additional Edition:
Printed edition: ISBN 9781468434989
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4684-3497-2
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3497-2
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