UID:
edoccha_9960074043902883
Umfang:
1 online resource (566 pages) :
,
color illustrations
ISBN:
0-12-405919-8
Anmerkung:
Front Cover -- Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Hydrologic Exchange Flows and Their Ecological Consequences in River Corridors -- Introduction -- Origins of a Hydroecological Perspective in River Corridors -- Delineating Hydrologic Exchange Flows (HEFs) -- Ecological Relevance of HEFs -- Fluvial, Geomorphic, and Biological Influences on HEFs -- Physical Drivers of HEFs -- Hyporheic Exchange Flows -- Hydrologic Exchange with Off-Channel Surface Waters -- Bioroughness, Burrowing, and Bio-irrigation -- Temporally Dynamic HEFs -- Flood and ET-Driven Vertical Exchange with Streambed -- Bank Storage Exchange Flows -- River-Floodplain Exchanges -- Watershed Influences -- Understanding Controls and Predicting Consequences Across Scales -- Overview of Modeling Approaches -- Modeling Transport in River Corridors: From Spiraling to Transient Storage -- Water Mass Balance -- Combined Water and Chemical Mass Balance -- Reactive Chemical Transport -- The Spiraling Model -- Modeling Reactive Chemical Transport in Streams with Storage Zones -- Dynamic Reactive Transport Simulated by the Transient Storage Model -- Interpretation of HEF Parameters -- Prediction of HEFs Through Statistical Analysis of Published Data Sets -- Prediction of HEFs Using Physically Based Scaling Equations -- Hydrogeologic Modeling of HEFs -- Modeling Dynamic Exchanges with River Banks and Floodplains -- Incorporating the Multiple Scales of Exchange Flows in River Network Models -- Modeling Cumulative Effects of HEFs in River Networks -- Synthesis: From Challenges Emerge Opportunities -- Conclusions -- Topics to Stimulate Discussion -- References -- Chapter 2: Shaping the Physical Template: Biological, Hydrological, and Geomorphic Connections in Stream Channels -- Introduction.
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Range of Variability in Alluvial Channels -- Disturbance-Recovery Regimes -- Water-Sediment-Morphology Interactions -- Vegetation Interactions -- Bio-Hydro-Geomorphic Templates for Stream Ecosystems -- Hydrogeomorphic Template for SW-GW Exchange -- Hydrogeomorphic Template for Light Availability -- Channel Complexity -- Geomorphic Considerations for Environmental Flows -- Geomorphically Effective Environmental Flows -- Environmental Flow Challenges in Intensively Altered River Systems -- Looking Forward and Downstream -- Are Rivers Just Large Streams? -- What Happens When Flow is No Longer Unidirectional? -- How Do Response Times in Stream Ecology Compare to Those in Fluvial Geomorphology? -- Which New Techniques and Technologies Will Allow Us to Answer the Above Questions? -- Discussion Questions -- Should We Restore Channel Complexity? -- How Do We Disentangle the Various Urban Influences on SW-GW Exchanges? -- What Would a Fluvial Geomorphic Model for Channel-Riparian Connections Look Like? -- References -- Chapter 3: Stream Microbial Ecology in a Changing Environment -- Introduction -- Changing Scientific Capacity -- Technological Advances -- Changing Template for SME -- Conclusions -- Future Directions -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Chapter 4: Metabolism of Streams and Rivers: Estimation, Controls, and Application -- Introduction -- Approaches to Measuring Reach-Scale Metabolism -- Balance and Coupling of GPP and ER in Streams -- Primary Controls on Metabolism -- Metabolic Control of Element Cycling in Streams -- From Human Effects on Metabolism to Application -- Looking Ahead -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Chapter 5: Nutrient Spiraling and Transport in Streams -- Introduction -- STOICMOD-A Stream Model Based on Spiraling and Ecological Stoichiometry -- Specific Fluxes -- Downstream Fluxes.
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Lateral and Upstream Nutrient Input -- Allochthonous Input -- Leaf Decay by Miners -- Direct Mineralization -- Leaf Decay and Nutrient Uptake by Immobilizers -- Respiration and Indirect Mineralization -- Microbial Death -- Detritus and FBOM Entrainment and Algal Soughing -- Seston Entrainment and Deposition -- Primary Production and Algal Nutrient Uptake -- Algal Mineralization -- Model Parameterization and Programming -- Simulations -- Simulations With Autotrophic Model Components Only -- Simulations With Heterotrophic Model Components Only -- Simulations With Both Autochthonous and Allochthonous Energy Inputs -- Climate Change Experiments -- Results of Elevated Temperature -- Response to Elevated Dissolved Nutrients -- Conclusions -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Chapter 6: Dissolved Organic Matter in Stream Ecosystems: Forms, Functions, and Fluxes of Watershed Tea -- Introduction -- DOM Sources -- Autochthonous Inputs -- Allochthonous Inputs -- Hydrologic Connections -- The Impact of Landscapes and Topography -- Molecular Characterization of DOM -- Quantitative Geochemistry -- Optical Methods -- DOM Composition and Structure -- DOM Chemogeography and Chemodiversity -- DOM Transformations and Fates -- Oxidative Reactivity of DOM -- Bio-Reactivity of DOM -- Conceptual Models of DOM Diagenesis and Substances -- Pathways and Products of Photooxidation -- Interactions Between Photochemistry and Biological Degradation -- Rates of Photooxidation in Waters -- DOM Contributions to Ecosystem Metabolism -- DOM Uptake -- Instream Hydrologic Forcing and DOM Export -- DOM in the Anthropocene -- Altering Ecosystems -- Urbanization -- Impacts of a Changing Environment -- Summary of Impacts of the Anthropocene on DOM Sources and Processing -- Future Research Challenges -- Discussion Topics -- Acknowledgments -- References.
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Chapter 7: Stream-Lake Interaction: Understanding Coupled Hydro-Ecological Systems -- Introduction -- Conceptual Frameworks in Stream and Lake Ecology -- The Physical Template of Coupled Stream-Lake Systems -- Implications of Stream-Lake Interactions for Nutrient Spiraling -- Effects of Stream-Lake Interaction on Benthic Invertebrates and Fishes -- Stream-Lake Interactions in a Changing Environment and Future Directions -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Chapter 8: From Headwaters to Rivers to River Networks: Scaling in Stream Ecology -- Introduction -- Problem Addressed in This Chapter/Objectives -- Scaling Defined -- Mathematical Framework -- Scaling Physical Characteristics -- Scaling Chemical Characteristics: The Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkage -- Scaling Biological Characteristics -- Type of Reaction Rate for Broad Scale Modeling -- Reaction Rate Kinetics -- Controls of Reaction Rate Parameters -- New Sources and Coupled Processes -- Scaling Heterogeneity and Connectivity -- Aquatic Ecosystem Heterogeneity and Connectivity in the River Network -- Impacts of a Changing Environment -- Supply -- Discharge -- Concentrations -- Connectivity ( α) -- Demand -- Width, Length, and A s / A -- Uptake -- Forward Looking -- Opportunities -- Hypotheses of Changing Role of River Network in a Changing Environment -- Challenges -- Discussion Topics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Landscape and Regional Stream Ecology -- Introduction -- Historic Context -- Streams as Landscapes -- Gradients and Streams -- Patches and Hierarchies and Streams -- Issues of Scale -- Patch Size, Shape, Composition, Configuration, and Connectivity -- Final Comments on Streams as Landscapes -- Streams in Landscapes -- Streams Across Landscapes -- Regional Frameworks -- Cross-Site Studies -- Conclusion -- Discussion Topics -- References.
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Chapter 10: Global Models of River Biogeochemical Functioning -- Introduction -- Challenges in Examining Current and Future Material Fate and Transport Across Regions and Continents -- River Geomorphic Template -- Hydrologic Stationarity -- Land Use Change -- Climate Departure From Normal Conditions to Extremes -- Modeling Approaches and Limitations to Quantifying River Processing and Export Across Regions -- Introduction -- Biogeochemical Simulations in Current Watershed Models -- Hyporheic and Shallow Subsurface Flow -- River-Floodplain Connectivity -- Process-Based Nutrient Cycling and Sediment Transport Models -- Process-Based Nitrogen Cycling and Ecological Stoichiometry -- Recent Progress in Integrative Models -- Summarizing the Challenges -- Final Thoughts -- Future Generation of Models -- Thought Activities and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 11: Human Impacts on Stream Hydrology and Water Quality -- Introduction -- Human Impacts on Stream Environments -- Modes of Modification of the Landscape by Humans -- Physical Modifications -- Changing Soil Surfaces -- Rates of Erosion -- Enhanced Drainage -- Channel Modifications -- Ecological Modification -- Interception -- Transpiration -- Grazing -- Biogeochemical Modifications -- Fertilizers -- Pesticides -- Impacts of Landscape Modifications on the Stream Environment -- Hydrological Impacts -- Physical Impacts -- Water Quality -- Temperature -- Nutrients -- Pesticides -- Habitat and Biodiversity -- Unifying Themes Across Intensively Managed Landscapes -- The "Homogenization" Hypothesis -- Landscape Homogenization -- Homogenization of Hydrologic Response -- Agricultural Streams -- Urban Streams -- Homogenization of Biogeochemical Responses -- Ecological Homogenization -- Time Lags and Legacy -- Physical Legacy -- Nutrient Legacies and Time Lags -- Hydrologic Time Lag.
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Biogeochemical Legacy and Time Lag.
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-12-405890-6
Sprache:
Englisch
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