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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_896040909
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9781513511931
    Series Statement: IMF working paper WP/15, 257
    Content: This paper examines how debt maturity affects the debt limit, defined as the maximum amount of debt a government can afford without defaulting. We develop a model where investors are risk neutral, the primary balance is stochastic but exogenous, and default occurs solely due to the government's inability to pay. We find that debt limit is higher for long-term debt. Underlying this finding is the intrinsic advantage of long-term debt to price in future upside potential in fiscal outcomes in its current price. Such advantage makes long-term debt effectively cheaper than short-term debt at the margin, and leads to a higher debt limit. Simulation results suggest that the effect of debt maturity on debt limit could be substantial-particularly, if fiscal outcomes are subject to large uncertainty
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kim, Jun Debt Maturity: Does It Matter for Fiscal Space? Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2015 ISBN 9781513511931
    Language: English
    Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_1067480277
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9781484385876
    Series Statement: IMF working paper WP/18, 265
    Content: This paper studies the effect of demographic change on national saving, global interest rates, and international capital flows, focusing on the role of the public pension system. We develop a small open economy overlapping generations model to illustrate the channels through which demographic variables and pension system generosity interact to affect both private and public saving behavior. We then extend this framework to a two-country setting and simulate scenarios of demographic change and pension reform. We find that the generosity of the pension system plays an important role in determining the movement of the global interest rate and patterns of international capital flows
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Chai, Hua Demographics, Pension Systems and the Saving-Investment Balance Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2018 ISBN 9781484385876
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_1015245773
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9781484329931
    Series Statement: IMF working paper WP/17, 260
    Content: Korea is facing mounting economic challenges. Productivity growth has been on a trend decline amid demographic headwinds, while the societal demand for inclusive growth has been on a steep rise. Furthermore, the government-led unbalanced growth model-which served Korea well in the past-has become less effective and politically palatable in recent years. As such, Korea needs a major paradigm shift to embark on a new sustainable and inclusive growth path. But policy response has been modest at best with no major reforms being implemented over the past two decades. We propose a paradigm shift in Korea's economic framework, involving a simultaneous big push for greater economic freedom and stronger social protection within the parameters set by long-run fiscal sustainability. We also provide a detailed account of structural reforms to boost economic freedom and sustainable funding plans for stronger social protection
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Byeon, Yangho Korea's Paradigm Shift for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth: A Proposal Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2017 ISBN 9781484329931
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845871773
    Format: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451866682 , 9781451866681
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 07/104
    Content: This paper develops a simple model of international lending, and calibrates it to assess quantitatively the effects of contingent IMF financial support on the risk premiums and the crisis probability. In the model, the country borrows in both short and long term; market (coordination) failure triggers a liquidity run and inefficient default; and the IMF lends unconditionally under a preferred creditor status. The model shows that IMF financial support can help prevent a liquidity crisis without causing investor moral hazard by helping to remove a distortion-effectively subsidizing ex post short-term investors (who run for the exit) at the expense of long-term investors (who are locked in). The resulting equilibrium is welfare enhancing as both the country''s borrowing costs and the likelihood of a crisis are lower. The calibration exercises suggest that IMF-induced investor moral hazard-which occurs if the IMF lends at a subsidized rate-is unlikely to be a concern in practice, particularly if the country''s economic fundamentals are strong and short-term debt is small
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kim, Jun Unconditional IMF Financial Support and Investor Moral Hazard Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2007 ISBN 9781451866681
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845875221
    Format: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451865910 , 9781451865912
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 07/27
    Content: By using a simple intertemporal model of the current account, I show that the exchange rate elasticity of the trade balance would ceteris paribus be smaller for countries with higher government spending ratios (relative to GDP) and with more limited scope for private consumption smoothing. This finding may have important implications for the design of adjustment programs and for resolving current global imbalances. It could also help explain and reconcile mixed empirical findings on trade elasticities
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kim, Jun Fiscal Policy and the Exchange Rate-Current Account Nexus Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2007 ISBN 9781451865912
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845882856
    Format: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451870027 , 9781451870022
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 08/144
    Content: This paper presents a simple model of optimal reserves that can be easily calibrated to compute optimal reserves as well as the implied probability of a sudden stop for given reserves. The model builds upon the global games framework of Morris and Shin to establish a unique relationship between the probability of a sudden stop and the level of reserves. The calibration results for 15 selected emerging market countries in Latin America, Asia and other regions over the sample period of 1993-2006 suggest that the risk of sudden stops may have declined to a low level in recent years in all countries in the sample. The results also suggest that Asia and Russia may have been significantly over insured since early 2000s with estimated excess reserves of US$ 1 trillion in total at end-2006
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kim, Jun Sudden Stops and Optimal Self-Insurance Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2008 ISBN 9781451870022
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845887734
    Format: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1451864167 , 9781451864168
    Series Statement: IMF Working Papers Working Paper No. 06/156
    Content: This paper presents an analytical framework for considering the role of IMF-supported programs in preventing crises, particularly capital account crises. The model builds upon the global games framework to establish a unique relationship between the crisis probability and the parameters of the program, which is assumed to be negotiated between the IMF and the member country, taking explicit account of each party''s interests. In the model, from the perspective of the borrowing country, IMF financing and policy adjustment are (perfect) substitutes inasmuch as they both contribute to the country''s liquidity and thus reduce the likelihood of a crisis. In equilibrium, however, IMF financing promotes stronger policies, implying that financing and adjustment are strong complements in crisis prevention. Conditionality plays a crucial role in sustaining the program, providing mutual assurances-to the member country that, if it undertakes the agreed policies, financing will indeed be forthcoming, and to the IMF that the country will implement the agreed policies as the IMF disburses its resources. The model helps explain how liquidity crises may come about, how IMF support can reduce the likelihood of a crisis by providing liquidity and sustaining stronger policies, and why the observed mix between financing and adjustment may vary across programs
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Kim, Jun IMF-Supported Programs and Crisis Prevention: An Analytical Framework Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2006 ISBN 9781451864168
    Language: English
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_845900870
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 153 pages) , diagrams
    ISBN: 1589061934 , 9781589061934
    Series Statement: Occasional papers Occasional paper no. 241
    Content: This collection of papers examines IMF-supported programs over the period 1995-2000 in both middle-income and low-income countries. In order to seek insights from a comparison across different types of programs, the sections entitled""Objectives and Outcomes,"" ""Policy Formulation and Analytical Frameworks,"" and ""Macroeconomic and Structural Policies"" address a number of questions regarding the economic programs for which national authorities seek the IMF’s financial support: the specific goals of IMF-supported programs, and the challenges they face; how programs are formulated; the components of programs; and how program success should be judged
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe The design of IMF-supported programs Washington, DC : International Monetary Fund, 2005 ISBN 1589061934
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Internationaler Währungsfonds ; Entwicklungsprojekt
    Author information: Ghosh, Atish R.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : International Monetary Fund
    UID:
    gbv_845894390
    Format: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 145522801X , 9781455228010
    Series Statement: IMF Staff Position Notes Staff Position Note No. 2010/11
    Content: In this note, the authors reexamine the issue of debt sustainability in a large group of advanced economies. Their hypothesis is that, when debt is in a moderate range, its dynamics are sustainable in the sense that increases in debt elicit sufficient increases in primary fiscal balances to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio. At high debt levels, however, the dynamics may turn unstable, and the debt ratio may not converge to a finite level. Such a framework allows the authors to define a “debt limit” that is consistent with a country’s historical track record of adjustment in the sense that, without an extraordinary fiscal effort, any debt increment beyond this limit would cause debt to increase without bound. This debt limit is not an absolute and immutable barrier, however, but rather defines a critical point above which a country’s normal fiscal response to rising debt becomes insufficient to maintain debt sustainability. Nor should this debt limit be interpreted as being in any sense the optimal level of public debt. Indeed, since this limit delineates the point at which fiscal solvency is called into question—and the analysis abstracts entirely from liquidity/rollover risk—prudence dictates that countries will typically want to be well below their debt limit. Given a country’s normal pattern of adjustment, “fiscal space” is then simply the difference between its debt limit and its current level of debt
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Ostry, Jonathan Fiscal Space Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2010 ISBN 9781455228010
    Language: English
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_845820133
    Format: Online-Ressource (78 p)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 1616354127 , 9781616354121
    Series Statement: Occasional Papers
    Content: Low-income countries routinely experience exogenous disturbances—sharp swings in the terms of trade, export demand, natural disasters, and volatile financial flows—that contribute to higher volatility in aggregate output and consumption compared with other countries. Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Low-Income Countries presents the findings of an analysis of a range of external shocks faced by these countries, beginning with a discussion of the impact of external shocks on macroeconomic growth, volatility, and welfare. Although sound macroeconomic and prudential policy frameworks are the first line of defense for limiting vulnerability, international reserves constitute the main form of self-insurance against such shocks. The evidence suggests that low-income countries with reserve coverage above three months of imports were better able to smooth consumption and absorption in the face of external shocks compared with those with lower reserve holdings. The analysis also points to the importance of country characteristics and vulnerabilities in assessing reserve adequacy
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Crispolti, Valerio Assessing Reserve Adequacy in Low-Income Countries Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 2013 ISBN 9781616354121
    Language: English
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