Format:
Online-Ressource
Edition:
Online-Ausg. Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
ISBN:
1280793791
,
9781461422396
,
9781280793790
Series Statement:
SERDP ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology 4
Content:
This volume describes the principles of chemical delivery and mixing systems and their design and implementation for effective in situ remediation. The intended audiences include the decision makers, practicing engineers and hydrogeologists who will select, design and operate remedial systems, as well as the researchers seeking to improve the current state of the science and technology. Our hope is that this volume will serve as a useful resource to assist remediation professionals in designing, applying and developing remedial technologies as effectively as possible. Topics addressed in this volume include: ·¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ An overview of the current state of understanding related to in situ chemical delivery and mixing, including a brief review of some of the remaining challenges and ongoing research. ·¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ A tutorial on the reactions and processes of importance in groundwater remediation. Chapter 2 focuses on chemical and biological processes, while Chapter 3 focuses on transport and mixing. ·¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ A discussion of available hydrogeochmicalmodeling approaches, including a detailed discussion of the travel-time approach to modeling. Protocols for practical implementation for design and monitoring of processes are included. ·¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ Design issues and principles for introducing and mixing chemicals with groundwater contaminants are discussed, including: {u00A7}¡ Recirculation systems, where mixing is controlled through and takes place mostly in wells is presented. The challenges of operating and maintaining injection-extraction wells, the non-uniform distribution of biomass, plugging issues, and strategies such as pulsing are discussed. Case studies are provided. {u00A7}¡ The use and design of reactive barriers{u2014}where contaminants are brought through normal groundwater advection to the reacting chemicals contained within permeable barrier walls through which the groundwater passes{u2014}are discussed. {u00A7}¡ Technologies such as air sparging used for introducing and mixing gaseous reactants as well as for removing volatile contaminants are discussed. Ageneral background on processes for mixing of gases is provided along with design issues forair sparging. Case studies are included. {u00A7}¡ Intrinsic remediation in natural-gradient systems, where the kinetics are controlled through mixing of contaminant plumes with ambient species, such as dissolved oxygen, over long periods of times is covered. Issues includi ...
Content:
This volume sets out the principles of chemical delivery and mixing systems and their design and implementation in on-site remediation. It is aimed at the decision makers, engineers and hydrogeologists who will select, design and operate these in situ systems
Note:
Includes bibliographical references and index
,
Delivery and Mixing in the Subsurface: Processes and Design Principles for In Situ Remediation; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; REFERENCES; Preface; About the Editors; About the Authors; External Reviewers; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; CHAPTER 1: Introduction; BACKGROUND; OVERVIEW OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME; ONGOING RESEARCH AND OUTSTANDING CHALLENGES; CHAPTER 2: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES: THE NEED FOR MIXING; INTRODUCTION; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINANTS; REACTION AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES
,
OverviewStoichiometry; Reaction and Mass-Transfer Processes; Reaction Kinetics; Summary; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; Biological Processes; Chlorinated Solvents; Biological Reaction Kinetics; Mass Transfer Limitations; Bioaugmentation; Organic Bioremediation Example: Edwards AFB, California; CHEMICAL PROCESSES; Oxidative Chemical Processes; Reductive Chemical Processes; Precipitation; pH Control; Example; Chemicals for pH Control; COSOLVENT AND SURFACTANT FLUSHING; Cosolvent Flushing; Surfactant Flushing; INORGANIC BIOREMEDIATION EXAMPLE: OAK RIDGE FIELD RESEARCH CENTER; SUMMARY
,
CHAPTER 3: TRANSPORT AND MIXINGINTRODUCTION; MIXING; Mass Transfer from Separate Phases; Transverse Mixing; Longitudinal Mixing and Chromatographic Mixing; SCALE DEPENDENCY; PORE SCALE; Flow; Advection; Molecular Diffusion; LABORATORY-SCALE PROCESSES; Darcy´s Law; Diffusion; Advection-Dispersion Equation; Dual-Porosity Models; Sorption; FIELD-SCALE PROCESSES; CONCLUDING REMARKS; CHAPTER 4: HYDROGEOCHEMICAL MODELS; INTRODUCTION; MIXING AND REACTION PROCESSES; Overview; Example Remediation Technologies; HYDROGEOCHEMICAL MODEL GOVERNING EQUATIONS; Solution of Governing Equations
,
SURVEY OF AVAILABLE HYDROCHEMICAL MODELSAnalytical Models; Numerical Models; CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION; CASE STUDIES OF MODEL APPLICATIONS; Natural Attenuation of Organic Pollutants; Enhanced In Situ Cometabolic Degradation of TCE; In Situ Chemical Oxidation of TCE by Potassium Permanganate; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; CHAPTER 5: TRAVEL-TIME BASED REACTIVE TRANSPORT MODELING FOR IN SITU SUBSURFACE REACTOR; INTRODUCTION; RESIDENCE-TIME THEORY; TRAVEL-TIME BASED REACTIVE TRANSPORT; ESTIMATION OF TRAVEL-TIME DISTRIBUTION; AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE; DISCUSSION AND EXTENSIONS; Spatial Mapping
,
Multiple-Reactor SystemMixing Within Reactor; Chemical Heterogeneities; Reaction Rate Estimation; SUMMARY; CHAPTER 6: RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS; INTRODUCTION; TYPES OF RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS; Injection-Extraction; Groundwater Circulation Wells (GCWs); Tandem Recirculating Wells (TRWs); System Cost Comparisons; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; Effect of Remediation Goal; Environmental Factors to Consider in Design; Physical; Hydrogeology; Hydraulic Conductivity; Regional Hydraulic Head and Flow Field; Dispersion; Chemical/Biological; Groundwater Chemistry; Sorption; Reaction Kinetics
,
Engineering Factors to Consider in Design
,
Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9781461422389
Language:
English
Keywords:
Grundwassersanierung
;
Mikrobieller Abbau
;
In situ
;
Selbstreinigung
;
Methode
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-2239-6
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