UID:
almafu_9960118927002883
Format:
1 online resource (xix, 697 pages) :
,
digital, PDF file(s).
ISBN:
1-316-09413-8
,
1-316-09383-2
,
1-139-34276-2
Content:
This book is focused primarily on polymer nanocomposites, based on the author's research experience as well as open literature. The environmental health and safety aspects of nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites, risk assessment and safety standards, and fire toxicity of polymer nanocomposites, are studied. In the final chapter, a brief overview of opportunities, trends, and challenges of polymer nanocomposites are included. Throughout the book, the theme is developed that polymer nanocomposites are a whole family of polymeric materials whose properties are capable of being tailored to meet specific applications. This volume serves as a general introduction to students and researchers just entering the field and to scholars from other subfields seeking information.
Note:
Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 31 Jan 2017).
,
Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Part one Fundamentals, Processing, and Characterization -- 1 Introduction to Nanotechnology -- 1.1 Definition of Nanotechnology -- 1.2 Brief History of Nanotechnology -- 1.3 What Is the Significance of "Nanoscale Materials"? -- 1.4 Why Is This "Nanoscale" So Special and Unique? -- 1.5 How Polymer Nanocomposite Works? -- 1.6 Strengths and Weaknesses of Nanoparticles -- 1.7 Safety of Nanoparticles -- 1.8 Overview of the Book -- 1.9 Summary -- 1.10 Questions and Problems -- References for Future Reading -- 2 An Overview of Nanomaterials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of Nanomaterials/Nanoparticles -- 2.2.1 One Nanoscale Dimension in the Form of Lamellar -- 2.2.1.1 Montmorillonite (MMT) Clays -- 2.2.1.2 Nanographene Platelets (NGPs) -- 2.2.1.3 Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) -- 2.2.2 Two Nanoscale Dimensions in the Form of Fibers -- 2.2.2.1 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) - Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers (VGCFs) -- 2.2.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) -- 2.2.2.3 Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) -- 2.2.2.4 Nickel Nanostrands (NiNs) -- 2.2.2.5 Aluminum Oxide Nanofibers -- 2.2.3 Three Nanoscale Dimensions in the Form of Particulates -- 2.2.3.1 Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS®) -- 2.2.3.2 Nano-silica (n-silica) -- 2.2.3.3 Nano-alumina (n-alumina) -- 2.2.3.4 Nano-titanium Dioxide (n-TiO2) -- 2.2.3.5 Nano-magnesium Hydroxide (n-Mg(OH)< -- sub> -- 2< -- /sub> -- ) -- 2.2.3.6 Nano-silicon Carbides (n-SiC) -- 2.2.3.7 Nano-silver (n-Ag) -- 2.2.3.8 Nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO) -- 2.2.3.9 Others Nanoparticles -- 2.3 Summary -- 2.4 Questions and Problems -- References -- 3 Basics of Polymer Matrices and Composites -- 3.1 Classification of Materials -- 3.2 Types of Polymers -- 3.2.1 Thermoplastics -- 3.2.2 Thermosets -- 3.2.3 Elastomers -- 3.2.4 Fillers.
,
3.2.5 Reinforcements -- 3.3 Polymer Structure and Synthesis -- 3.4 Processing of Polymers -- 3.4.1 Basic Processing Operations -- 3.4.2 Extrusion -- 3.4.3 Calendaring -- 3.4.4 Sheet Forming -- 3.4.5 Stamping -- 3.4.6 Casting -- 3.4.7 Solution Casting -- 3.4.8 Blow Molding -- 3.4.9 Reinforced Thermoset Molding -- 3.4.10 Fiber Spinning -- 3.5 Mechanical Behavior of Polymers -- 3.5.1 Stress-Strain Behavior -- 3.5.2 Strength -- 3.5.3 Elongation -- 3.5.4 Fracture -- 3.5.5 Modulus -- 3.5.6 Toughness -- 3.5.7 Crazing -- 3.6 Aging of Polymers -- 3.7 Polymers for Aerospace Composites -- 3.8 Polymer Foams -- 3.9 Shape-Memory Polymers -- 3.10 Summary -- 3.11 Questions and Problems -- References -- 4 Selecting Resin Matrix and Nanomaterials for Applications -- 4.1 Characteristics of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 4.2 Different Types of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 4.2.1 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites -- 4.2.1.1 Nylon 6 Nanocomposites -- 4.2.2 Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites -- 4.2.2.1 Epoxy Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3 Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3.1 Thermoplastic Olefin (TPO) Nanocomposites -- 4.3 Summary -- 4.4 Questions and Problems -- References -- 5 Processing of Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites -- 5.1 Synthesis Methods -- 5.2 Solution Intercalation -- 5.2.1 Solution Intercalation from Polymers in Solution -- 5.2.2 Solution Intercalation from Prepolymers in Solution -- 5.3 Melt Intercalation -- 5.3.1 Thermoplastic Nanocomposites -- 5.3.2 Elastomer Nanocomposites -- 5.4 Three-Roll Milling -- 5.5 Centrifugal Processing -- 5.6 In Situ Polymerization -- 5.6.1 Thermoplastic Nanocomposites -- 5.6.2 Thermoset Nanocomposites -- 5.6.3 Rubber-Modified Epoxy Nanocomposites -- 5.7 Emulsion Polymerization -- 5.8 High-Shear Mixing -- 5.9 Ultrasonic Mixing -- 5.10 Summary -- 5.11 Questions and Problems -- References -- 6 Structures and Properties Characterization.
,
6.1 Global Characterization Methods -- 6.2 Optical Microscopy -- 6.3 X-Ray Diffraction -- 6.4 Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy -- 6.4.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) -- 6.4.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 6.4.3 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) -- 6.5 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) -- 6.6 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) -- 6.6.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) -- 6.6.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 6.7 Raman Spectroscopy -- 6.8 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) -- 6.9 Other Techniques -- 6.10 Mechanical Properties -- 6.11 Thermal Properties -- 6.11.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) -- 6.11.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) -- 6.11.3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) -- 6.11.4 Thermal Conductivity -- 6.11.5 Other Thermal Properties -- 6.12 Flammability Properties -- 6.12.1 Cone Calorimetry (CC) -- 6.12.2 Mass Loss Calorimetry (MLC) -- 6.12.3 Microscale Combustion Calorimetry (MCC) -- 6.12.4 Oxygen Index (Limiting Oxygen Index - LOI) -- 6.12.5 UL 94 -- 6.12.6 Steiner Tunnel Test (ASTM E 84) -- 6.13 Ablation Properties -- 6.13.1 Simulated Solid Rocket Motor (SSRM) -- 6.13.2 Subscale Solid Rocket Motor (Char Motor) -- 6.13.3 Oxyacetylene Test Bed (OTB) -- 6.13.4 Char Strength Sensor -- 6.13.5 In Situ Ablation Recession and Thermal Sensors -- 6.13.5.1 The 0.25 mm Diameter TC Ablation Sensor [80, 81] -- 6.13.5.2 The 0.55 mm Diameter TC Ablation Sensor [82-88] -- 6.14 Electrical Properties -- 6.15 Optical Properties [91] -- 6.15.1 UV-Visible Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy [91] -- 6.15.1.1 Operating Principle: Beer's Law -- 6.15.1.2 UV-Visible Spectrometer -- 6.15.2 Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Spectroscopy [91] -- 6.15.2.1 Operating Principle -- 6.15.2.2 Spectrofluorometer -- 6.15.2.3 Other Optical Properties -- 6.16 Other Properties.
,
6.17 Summary, Future Needs, and Assessments -- 6.18 Questions and Problems -- References -- Part two Multifunctional Properties and Applications -- 7 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.2.1 Nanoclay-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites -- 7.2.1.1 Glass Fiber/MMT Thermoplastic Bio-Nanocomposites -- 7.2.1.2 Maximizing Exfoliation and Properties for Starch-Based MMT Nanocomposites -- 7.2.2 Carbon-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites -- 7.2.2.1 MWNT Added to Polypropylene with Electron Irradiation Treatments -- 7.2.2.2 Forming Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes into Buckypaper -- 7.2.2.3 Graphene-Reinforced Thermoplastics for Strain Sensors in Structural Health Monitoring -- 7.2.3 Other Nanomaterial-Based Thermoplastic Nanocomposites -- 7.2.3.1 Using Electrospinning to Process the Mixed Nanocomposite into Fibers -- 7.2.3.2 Thermoplastics Modified with Nanodiamonds -- 7.2.3.3 Microhardness and Indentation Effects when Adding POSS to Polyurethane -- 7.2.4 Summary of Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.3.1 Nanoclay-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites -- 7.3.1.1 High-Performance Elastomeric Nanocomposites via Solvent-Exchange Processing -- 7.3.1.2 Morphology and Properties Of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Effect of Organoclay Structure -- 7.3.1.3 Tunable Properties of Self-Assembled Polyurethane Using Two-Dimensional Nanoparticles: Potential Nano-Biohybrid -- 7.3.2 Carbon-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites -- 7.3.2.1 A Nanostructured Carbon-Reinforced Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer -- 7.3.2.2 Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polyurethane Composite Fibers -- 7.3.2.3 Micromechanics and Macromechanics of Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Elastomers.
,
7.3.2.4 High-Shear Processing Induced Homogenous Dispersion of Pristine Multi-Walled... -- 7.3.3 Other Nanomaterial-Based Thermoplastic Elastomer Nanocomposites -- 7.3.3.1 Mechanical and Fracture Behaviors of Elastomer-Rich Thermoplastic Polyolefin/SiC Nanocomposites -- 7.3.3.2 The Influence of Surface Modification on the Structure and Properties... -- 7.3.3.4 Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(ether ester)-Based Thermoplastic... -- 7.3.4 Summary of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.4 Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.4.1 Epoxy Nanocomposites -- 7.4.1.1 Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites -- 7.4.1.2 Epoxy Carbon-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.4.1.3 Epoxy with Other Nanomaterials -- 7.4.2 Other Thermosetting Polymer Nanocomposites -- 7.4.2.1 Polyester-Clay Nanocomposite -- 7.4.2.2 Polyimide-Ceramic Nanocomposites -- 7.4.3 Special Types of CNT-Based Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.4.3.1 CNT-Modified Interlaminar Surfaces -- 7.4.4 Summary of Thermoset-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.5 Overall Summary -- 7.6 Questions and Problems -- References -- 8 Thermal Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.2.1 Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites -- 8.2.2 PEEK-Carbon Nanofibers Nanocomposites -- 8.2.3 PMMA-Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites -- 8.2.4 PVC-Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposites -- 8.2.5 Hybrid Systems -- 8.2.6 Summary of Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Nanocomposites -- 8.3.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane-MMT Clay -- 8.3.2 Thermoplastic Polyurethane-MWNT Nanocomposite -- 8.3.3 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Mixed with Organo-Modified Layered Silicates (OMLSs) -- 8.3.4 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Mixed with Laponite and Cloisite -- 8.3.5 Polyisobutylene-Based TPE Mixed with Carbon Black.
,
8.3.6 Poly(dimethyl Siloxane)/Boron Nitride.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-107-02996-1
Language:
English
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139342766
Bookmarklink
