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  • 1
    UID:
    b3kat_BV043447145
    Format: 1 DVD (12 cm)
    Series Statement: Sterne und Weltraum 46.2007,12
    Note: CD-Version (Stand 10/2007) der Webseite http://www.tempolimit-lichtgeschwindigkeit.de
    Language: German
    Keywords: Relativitätstheorie ; Unterricht ; CD-ROM
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  • 2
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27216
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Content: Background In environmental health research, sex and gender are not yet adequately considered. There is a need to improve data collection in population-based environmental health studies by comprehensively surveying sex/gender-related aspects according to gender theoretical concepts. Thus, within the joint project INGER we developed a multidimensional sex/gender concept which we aimed to operationalize and to test the operationalization for feasibility. Methods In an iterative process, we created questionnaire modules which quantitatively captured the requirements of the INGER sex/gender concept. We deployed it in the KORA cohort (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg, Germany) in 2019 and evaluated response and missing rates. Results The individual sex/gender self-concept was surveyed via a two-step approach that asked for sex assigned at birth and the current sex/gender identity. Additionally, we used existing tools to query internalized sex/gender roles and externalized sex/gender expressions. Adapted to the KORA population, we asked for discrimination experiences and care and household activities contributing to explain structural sex/gender relations. Further intersectionality-related social categories (e.g., socio-economic position), lifestyle and psychosocial factors were covered through data available in KORA. We could not identify appropriate tools to assess the true biological sex, sexual orientation and ethnic/cultural identity, which have yet to be developed or improved. The response-rate was 71%, the evaluation of 3,743 questionnaires showed a low missing rate. Prevalence of marginalized groups regarding sex/gender identity and definable by experiences of discrimination was very low. Conclusion We have shown how the multidimensional INGER sex/gender concept can be operationalized according to an European and North American understanding of sex/gender for use in quantitative research. The questionnaire modules proved feasible in an epidemiologic cohort study. Being a balancing act between theoretical concepts and its quantitative implementation our operationalization paves the way for an adequate consideration of sex/gender in environmental health research.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 11
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27186
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Content: During the last years the need to integrate sex and gender in health-related research for better and fairer science became increasingly apparent. Various guidelines and checklists were developed to encourage and support researchers in considering the entangled dimensions of sex/gender in their research. However, a tool for the assessment of sex/gender consideration and its visualization is still missing. We aim to fill this gap by introducing an assessment matrix that can be used as a flexible instrument for comprehensively evaluating the sex/gender consideration in quantitative health-related research. The matrix was developed through an iterative and open process based on the interdisciplinary expertise represented in our research team and currently published guidelines. The final matrix consists of 14 different items covering the whole research process and the publication of results. Additionally, we introduced a method to graphically display this evaluation. By developing the matrix, we aim to provide users with a tool to systematically compare sex/gender consideration qualitatively between different publications and even different fields of study. This way, the assessment matrix represents a tool to identify research gaps and a basis for future research. In the long term, the implementation of this tool to evaluate the consideration of sex/gender should contribute to more sex/gender equitable health-related research.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 11
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27696
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    ISSN: 1436-9990 , 1436-9990
    Content: Hintergrund Lärmbelästigung geht mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung und reduziertem Wohlbefinden einher. Die subjektive Lärmbelästigung steht im Zusammenhang mit der objektiven Lärmbelastung sowie individuellen und regionalen Faktoren. Fragestellung Wie viele Teilnehmende der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie fühlen sich durch nächtlichen Verkehrslärm belästigt und welche Faktoren stehen damit im Zusammenhang? Material und Methoden Diese Querschnittsanalyse basiert auf Daten von 86.080 NAKO-Teilnehmenden aus 18 Studienzentren, die von 2014 bis 2017 untersucht wurden. Um die Beziehungen zwischen individuellen und regionalen Faktoren und Verkehrslärmbelästigung in den Kategorien nicht belästigt, leicht/mittel und stark/sehr stark belästigt zu untersuchen, wurden multinomiale logistische Regressionsmodelle mit wechselseitiger Adjustierung der Faktoren verwendet. Ergebnisse Zwei Drittel der Teilnehmenden fühlten sich nicht durch Verkehrslärm belästigt; jeder Zehnte berichtete von starker/sehr starker Belästigung, mit den höchsten Anteilen in Berlin-Mitte und Leipzig. Die stärksten Assoziationen mit Lärmbelästigung wurden für Faktoren der individuellen Wohnsituation beobachtet, wie z. B. die Position des Schlafraums zur Hauptstraße (OR für leicht/mittel belästigt: 4,26 [95 % KI: 4,01; 4,52]; OR für stark/sehr stark belästigt: 13,36 [95 % KI: 12,47; 14,32] im Vergleich zu Garten/Innenhof). Teilnehmende im Alter von 40–60 Jahren oder der mittleren und niedrigen Einkommensklasse fühlten sich eher durch Verkehrslärm belästigt als jüngere bzw. ältere Teilnehmende oder solche mit hoher Einkommensklasse. Diskussion Teilnehmende der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie wiesen Unterschiede in der Belästigung durch nächtlichen Verkehrslärm in Bezug auf individuelle und regionale Faktoren auf.
    Content: Background Noise annoyance is associated with adverse health-related conditions and reduced wellbeing. Thereby, subjective noise annoyance depends on the objective noise exposure and is modified by personal and regional factors. Objective How many participants of the German National Cohort Study (GNC; NAKO Gesundheitsstudie) were annoyed by transportation noise during nighttime and what factors were associated with noise annoyance? Materials and methods This cross-sectional analysis included 86,080 participants from 18 study centers, examined from 2014 to 2017. We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate associations of personal and regional factors to noise annoyance (slightly/moderately or strongly/extremely annoyed vs. not annoyed) mutually adjusting for all factors in the model. Results Two thirds of participants were not annoyed by transportation noise during nighttime and one in ten reported strong/extreme annoyance with highest percentages for the study centers Berlin-Mitte and Leipzig. The strongest associations were seen for factors related to the individual housing situation like the bedroom being positioned towards a major road (OR of being slightly/moderately annoyed: 4.26 [95% CI: 4.01;4.52]; OR of being strongly/extremely annoyed: 13.36 [95% CI: 12.47;14.32]) compared to a garden/inner courtyard. Participants aged 40–60 years and those in low- and medium-income groups reported greater noise annoyance compared to younger or older ones and those in the high-income group. Conclusion In this study from Germany, transportation noise annoyance during nighttime varied by personal and regional factors.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Heidelberg : Springer, 63,3, Seiten 332-343, 1436-9990
    Language: German
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    UID:
    edochu_18452_24780
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Content: There is a growing awareness about the need to comprehensively integrate sex and gender into health research in order to enhance the validity and significance of research results. An in-depth consideration of differential exposures and vulnerability is lacking, especially within environmental risk assessment. Thus, the interdisciplinary team of the collaborative research project INGER (integrating gender into environmental health research) aimed to develop a multidimensional sex/gender concept as a theoretically grounded starting point for the operationalization of sex and gender in quantitative (environmental) health research. The iterative development process was based on gender theoretical and health science approaches and was inspired by previously published concepts or models of sex- and gender-related dimensions. The INGER sex/gender concept fulfills the four theoretically established prerequisites for comprehensively investigating sex and gender aspects in population health research: multidimensionality, variety, embodiment, and intersectionality. The theoretical foundation of INGER’s multidimensional sex/gender concept will be laid out, as well as recent sex/gender conceptualization developments in health sciences. In conclusion, by building upon the latest state of research of several disciplines, the conceptual framework will significantly contribute to integrating gender theoretical concepts into (environmental) health research, improving the validity of research and, thus, supporting the promotion of health equity in the long term.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI AG, 18,22
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV006372444
    Format: [3], 83 S. , graph. Darst.
    Note: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1992
    Language: German
    Keywords: Röntgenpulsar ; Akkretionssäule ; Strahlungscharakteristik ; Numerisches Verfahren ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 7
    UID:
    almafu_BV006372444
    Format: [3], 83 S. : graph. Darst.
    Note: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1992
    Language: German
    Keywords: Röntgenpulsar ; Akkretionssäule ; Strahlungscharakteristik ; Numerisches Verfahren ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 8
    UID:
    almahu_BV006372444
    Format: [3], 83 S. : graph. Darst.
    Note: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1992
    Language: German
    Keywords: Röntgenpulsar ; Akkretionssäule ; Strahlungscharakteristik ; Numerisches Verfahren ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_1015759394
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (170 Seiten, 4,83 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Series Statement: Umwelt & Gesundheit 01/2018
    Content: Im Rahmen des Vorhabens wurde eine flächendeckende Erfassung der Hintergrund-Stickstoffdioxid (NO2)-Exposition der Bevölkerung in Deutschland mit anschließender Quantifizierung der einhergehenden Krankheitslasten durchgeführt. Im ersten Schritt wurden dazu NO2-Belastungskarten, die die Belastungssituation im Hintergrundniveau abbilden, für den Zeitraum der Jahre 2007 bis 2014 basierend auf den NO2-Modelldaten des Umweltbundesamtes und den NO2-Messdaten des Bundes und der Länder ausgewertet. Nachfolgend wurde die Verteilung der Bevölkerung auf NO2-Belastungsklassen für ganz Deutschland ermittelt. Die berechnete durchschnittliche bevölkerungsgewichtete NO2-Konzentration in den jeweiligen Belastungsklassen diente als Grundlage zur Berechnung der Krankheitslast für alle NO2-spezifischen Gesundheitsendpunkte. Es wurden Analysen zur zeitlichen Entwicklung der Belastung sowie der gesundheitlichen Effekte als auch zu den Unsicherheiten der erzielten Ergebnisse durchgeführt. Die für die Berechnung relevanten Gesundheitsendpunkte wurden im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche identifiziert. Diese waren natürliche und ursachenspezifische Mortalität (Kurzzeit und Langzeiteffekte), ursachenspezifische Krankenhauseinweisungen, Diabetes Typ 2, Bluthochdruck, Herzinsuffizienz, Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall, ischämische Herzkrankheit, Lungenkrebs, Asthma, chronische Bronchitis, COPD (Chronisch Obstruktive Lungenerkrankung), Frühgeburt und geringes Geburtsgewicht. Um die Evidenz des Zusammenhangs von NO2-Belastung und den aufgeführten Endpunkten bewerten zu können, wurde im Projekt ein Kriterienkatalog erarbeitet. Darauf basierend ergab sich starke Evidenz in Bezug auf Langzeiteffekte für die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität. In Bezug auf die Kurzzeiteffekte wiesen die Endpunkte Gesamtmortalität und respiratorische Mortalität starke Evidenz auf. Der in letzter Zeit stark an Bedeutung gewinnende Endpunkt Diabetes mellitus wurde mit moderater Evidenz bewertet. Unter Verwendung einer unteren Quantifizierungsgrenze von 10 µg/m³ NO2 wurden für das Jahr 2014 für die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität durch NO2-Langzeitexposition (basierend auf Jahresmittelwerten) 5.966 (95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 2.031 bis 9.893) attributable vorzeitige Todesfälle und 49.726 (16.929 bis 82.456) verlorene Lebensjahre geschätzt. Zwischen den Jahren 2007 und 2014 zeigte sich insgesamt ein leicht abnehmender Trend in Bezug auf die attributablen vorzeitigen Todesfälle. Wichtig ist dabei hervorzuheben, dass sich die hier vorgelegte Abschätzung der Krankheitslast ausschließlich auf die Hintergrund-Konzentrationen für NO2 stützt und somit höhere Konzentrationen, die sich vor allem in städtisch verkehrsnahen Gebieten finden, nicht berücksichtigt werden konnten.
    Content: Within the framework of this project a nationwide estimation of the background nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure for the population in Germany was performed with a subsequent quantification of the related burden of disease for mortality and morbidity. In a first step, NO2 exposure maps which display the level of background exposure for the years 2007 to 2014 were analyzed based on modelled NO2 data of the German Environment Agency and measured NO2 data of the federal government and the federal states. Hereafter, the distribution of the population into NO2-concentration classes for Germany was established. The calculated averaged population weighted NO2 concentrations for the considered concentration classes provided the basis for the calculation of the burden of disease of all NO2 specific health outcomes. Analyses regarding the temporal development of the exposure and of the health effects as well as of the uncertainties of the results were conducted. The relevant health outcomes were identified in a systematic literature review. Considered outcomes were natural and cause-specific mortality (short-term and long-term effects), cause-specific hospital admission, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), premature birth and low birth weight. To assess the evidence of the association between NO2 exposure and the health endpoints, a set of criteria was developed within the project. Based on this evaluation, strong evidence with regard to long-term effects was found for cardiovascular mortality. Regarding short-term effects, the endpoints total natural mortality and respiratory mortality showed strong evidence. The emerging endpoint diabetes was rated with moderate evidence. Using a counterfactual value of 10 µg/m³ NO2, based on NO2 annual mean concentrations 5,966 (95 %-confidence interval: 2,031 to 9,893) premature deaths and 49,726 (16,929 to 82,456) Years of Live Lost (YLLs) due to cardiovascular mortality attributable to NO2 long-term exposure were estimated for the year 2014. Between 2007 and 2014 an overall slightly decreasing trend was seen regarding attributable premature deaths. It is important to point out that the estimates of the burden of disease in this project are solely based on background concentrations for NO2 and thus do not account for the higher concentrations which are found particularly in urban areas close to traffic.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
    Language: German
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Stickstoffdioxid ; Belastung ; Krankheit ; Sterblichkeit
    Author information: Breitner, Susanne 1977-
    Author information: Schneider, Alexandra
    Author information: Peters, Annette
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