Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (623 p.)

Edition: 3rd ed.

ISBN: 1-282-54012-2 , 9786612540127 , 0-08-050836-7

Content: This acclaimed text has been fully revised and updated, now incorporating issues including aging of the reproductive system, and updates on the chapters on conception and Gamete Transport and Fertilization, and Pregnancy.Human Reproductive Biology, 3rd edition emphasizes the biological and biomedical aspects of human reproduction, explains advances in reproductive science and discusses the choices and concerns of today. Generously illustrated in full color, the text provides current information about human reproductive anatomy and physiology.The ideal book for courses o

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Human Reproductive Biology; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Dedication; Preface; PART ONE: Adult Female and Male Reproductive Systems; CHAPTER ONE. Endocrinology, Brain and Pituitary Gland; Introduction; Endocrine System; Science of Endocrinology; Hormones; Receptors; Synthetic Hormones; The Pituitary Gland; Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial Connection; Adenohypophysis; Hypothalamo-Adenohypophysial Connection; Releasing and Release-Inhibiting Hormones; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; The GnRH Pulse Generator and Surge Center; Pineal Gland; Feedback Control of Gonadotropin Secretion , Control of Prolactin SecretionChapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER TWO. The Female Reproductive System; Introduction; Ovaries; Oviducts; Uterus; Vagina; Female External Genitalia; Mammary Glands; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER THREE. The Menstrual Cycle; Introduction; Reproductive Cycles in Mammals; Major Events in the Menstrual Cycle; The Menstrual Cycle in Detail; Variations in Length of Menstrual Cycle Phases; Methods for Detecting Ovulation; Premenstrual Syndrome; Menstrual Difficulties; Absence of Menstruation; Menstrual Taboos , Chapter SummaryFurther Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER FOUR. The Male Reproductive System; Introduction; Testes; Male Sex Accessory Ducts and Glands; Penis; Scrotum; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; PART TWO: Sexual Differentiation and Development; CHAPTER FIVE. Sexual Differentiation; Introduction; Chromosomal Sex; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; Development of the Reproductive System; Gonadal Sex Differentiation; Differentiation of Sex Accessory Ducts and Glands; Differentiation of External Genitalia; Summary of Sexual Determination and Development , Disorders of Sexual Determination and DevelopmentReproductive System in the Newborn; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER SIX. Puberty; Introduction; Puberty and Its Timing; Gonadal Changes from Birth to Puberty; Hormone Levels from Birth to Puberty; Environmental Factors and Puberty; Inheritance and Age of Puberty; Puberty and Psychosocial Adjustment; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER SEVEN. Reproductive Aging; Introduction; Menopause; Timing of Menopause; Female Reproductive Age; Perimenopause; Premature Menopause; Symptoms of Menopause , Endocrine Changes during MenopauseChance of Pregnancy; Osteoporosis and Other Postmenopausal Disorders; Treatments for Menopause: Benefits and Risks; Andropause; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; PART THREE: Procreation; CHAPTER EIGHT. The Human Sexual Response; Introduction; Sex Roles; Sexual Arousal; The Sexual Response Cycle; Coitus (Sexual Intercourse); Hormones and Sexual Behavior; Sexual Dysfunction; Drugs and Human Sexual Behavior; Chapter Summary; Further Reading; Advanced Reading; CHAPTER NINE. Gamete Transport and Fertilization; Introduction; Semen Release , Contents of Seminal Plasma , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-088465-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (247 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-66605-3 , 9786612666056 , 0-08-095808-7

Series Statement: Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates ; v. 2

Content: This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the vertebrates.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates Volume 2: Amphibians; Contents; Species Index; Subject Index; Color Plates , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-374931-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (411 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-10123-8 , 9786613101235 , 0-08-095804-4

Series Statement: Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates ; v. 5

Content: This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the vertebrates.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates?Volume 5: Mammals; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates Preface to the Series; Preface to Hormones and Reproduction, Vol. 5 Mammals; Contributors; Chapter 1 Sexual Differentiation of the Mammalian Brain; 1 Introduction; 2 Historical Overview; 3 The Organizational/Activational Hypothesis of Sexual Differentiation; 4 Advances in Mechanisms; 5 Summary and Future Directions; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 2 Neuroendocrine Control of Gonadotropins in Mammals; 1 Introduction to Gonadotropins , 2 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)3 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptors; 4 Conclusions; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 3 Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation ofMammalian Spermatogenesis; 1 Overview of Spermatogenesis; 2 Regulation of Stem Spermatogonia Via Growth Factors and Paracrine Interactions; 3 Endocrine Regulation of Spermatogenesis; 4 Future Directions; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 4 The Endocrinology of the Mammalian Ovary; 1 Introduction; 2 Embryogenesis of the ovary; 3 The ovarian cycle; 4 Ovarian lifespan and reproductive aging , 5 Ovarian events and reproductive cycles of selected mammals6 Future research needs; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 5 Hormones and Pregnancy in Eutherian Mammals; 1 Introduction; 2 The Menstrual Cycle, Luteolysis, and Pregnancy in Primates (Homo Sapiens and Macaca Mulatta); 3 Estrous Cycles, Luteolysis, Pseudopregnancy, Delayed Implantation, and Pregnancy in Subprimate Mammals; 4 Summary and Conclusions; 5 Future Research; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 6 The Comparative Physiology of Parturition in Mammals: Hormones and Parturition inMammals; 1 Introduction , 2 What determines gestation length?3 How are fetal maturation andnbspparturition synchronized?; 4 How does the fetus signal thenbspinitiation of labor?; 5 How are the uterotonic mechanisms activated?; 6 Conclusions; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 7 Stress and Reproduction in Mammals; 1 Introduction; 2 Effects of Food Restriction; 3 Effects of Stress on Immunity and Reproduction; 4 Effects of Other Stressors; 5 Role of HPA Activation (Glucocorticoids and CRH); 6 Implications for Wildlife; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; References , Chapter 8 Behavioral Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction in Mammals1 Introduction; 2 Description of Male and Female Sexual Behavior (MSB/FSB); 3 The Role of Gonadal Steroids in Sexual Behavior; 4 Neural Circuitry Regulating Sexual Behavior; 5 Steroid Receptors and Sexual Behavior; 6 Ligand-Independent Activation of Steroid Receptors; 7 Relevant Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides; 8 Gonad-Independent Sexual Behavior; 9 Genetics of Sexual Behavior; 10 Neuroendocrinology of Human Sexual Behavior; 11 Summary; Abbreviations; References; Chapter 9 Pheromones and Reproduction in Mammals , 1 Introduction , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-374928-X

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (297 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-95441-5 , 0-08-096229-7

Series Statement: Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates ; v. 1

Content: This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the vertebrates.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates Volume 1: Fishes; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Preface; Contributors; Chapter 1 Sex Determination in Fishes; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 SEX DETERMINATION; 3 SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION; 4 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON SEX DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION; 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 2 Conserved and Divergent Features of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology in Teleost Fishes; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 THE UNIQUE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL (HPG) AXIS OF TELEOSTS , 3 GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)4 OTHER BRAIN FACTORS STIMULATING GTH RELEASE; 5 DOPAMINE (DA), A BRAIN INHIBITOR OF REPRODUCTION; 6. KISS, A NEW ACTOR IN THE BRAIN'SCONTROL OF REPRODUCTION; 7 SEX STEROIDS IN THE BRAIN OF FISHES; 8 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 3 Testicular Function and Hormonal Regulation in Fishes; 1 Introduction; 2. TESTIS STRUCTURE ANDSPERMATOGENESIS: AN OVERVIEW; 3.TESTICULAR HORMONES; 4. ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF TESTISSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION; 5. TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF TESTICULARFUNCTION; 6. ACCESSORY GONADAL STRUCTURES , 7. INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN SPERMCHARACTERISTICS AND TESTICULARFUNCTION8. CONCLUSIONS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4 Regulation of Ovarian Development and Function in Teleosts; 1. INTRODUCTION: FISH MODELSOF REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; 2. MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THETELEOST OVARY AND STAGES OF OOCYTEDEVELOPMENT; 3. DIFFERENTIATION OF PRIMORDIALGERM CELLS INTO OOGONIA; 4. OOGENESIS, OOCYTE GROWTH,AND DEVELOPMENT; 5. OOCYTE MATURATIONAND OVULATION; 6. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 5 Thyroid Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes; 1. INTRODUCTION , 2. THYROID HORMONE DELIVERY3. THE THYROID TISSUE OF FISHES; 4. THYROID HORMONE (TH)AND REPRODUCTION IN FISHES; 5. CONCLUSIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 6 Stress and Reproduction; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. EFFECTS OF STRESS ON THEHYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-GONADAL(HPG) AXIS; 3. LIFE STAGE-SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF STRESSON REPRODUCTION; 4. EFFECTS OF SEX AND REPRODUCTIONON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-INTERRENAL (HPI) AXIS; 5. REPRODUCTION AND RESISTANCETO STRESS; 6. CONCLUSIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 7 Hormones and Sexual Behavior of Teleost Fishes , 1. THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS:APPETITIVE AND CONSUMMATORYPHASES2. PATTERNS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; 3. ENDOCRINE MECHANISMSREGULATING SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; 4. BRAIN CIRCUITS UNDERLYING SEXUALBEHAVIOR IN FISHES; 5. PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 8 Neuroendocrine Regulation in Sex-changing Fishes; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. HERMAPHRODITISM IN FISHES; 3. HYPOTHESES OF NATURAL SEXREVERSAL; 4. SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTINGSEX REVERSAL; 5. NEUROENDOCRINE FACTORSAFFECTING SEX REVERSAL; 6. STUDIES ON THE SADDLEBACKWRASSE; 7. FUTURE RESEARCH; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES , Chapter 9 Hormonally Derived Sex Pheromones in Fishes , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-375009-1

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (524 pages)

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-443-15985-8

Note: Intro -- Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 5: Mammals -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the series -- Preface to Volume 5: Mammals -- Chapter 1: Sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Overview -- 3. The Essential Role of Steroid Hormones -- 3.1. Phoenix, Goy, Gerall and Young 1959 -- 3.2. Masculinization, feminization, and defeminization of rodent brain and behavior -- 3.3. Critical and sensitive periods -- 3.4. Steroid action -- 3.5. The role of aromatization -- 3.6. Transcriptomics of brain masculinization -- 4. Crossing the Divide From Development to Adulthood -- 4.1. Cell death and proliferation -- 4.1.1. The SDN set the stage for differential cell death as the dominant mechanism -- 4.1.2. There is a critical role for non-neuronal cells in SDN differentiation -- 4.1.3. Understanding mechanism revealed the function of the SDN -- 4.1.4. Other reproductively relevant nuclei are also differentiated by cell death -- 4.2. Cell proliferation -- 4.2.1. More cells proliferate in the newborn male hippocampus -- 4.2.2. Microglia mediate a sex difference in the number of astrocytes in the medial amygdala (mAMG) -- 4.3. Wiring -- 4.3.1. Projections between hypothalamic regions regulate later reproductive function -- 4.3.2. Microglia promote synaptogenesis via cell-to-cell communication -- 4.4. Epigenetics -- 5. Sex Chromosome Complement and Brain Development -- 6. The Nature and Meaning of Sex Differences in the Brain -- 6.1. Context matters to the outcomes of brain sexual differentiation -- 6.2. Sex and gender are not the same but they are entwined -- 6.3. Sex and gender are sources of vulnerability and resilience -- References -- Chapter 2: Neuroendocrine control of gonadotropins in mammals -- 1. Hypothalamic Control of Gonadotropins. , 1.1. Discovery of the hypothalamic-releasing hormones -- 1.2. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron development -- 1.2.1. Embryonic origins -- 1.2.2. Cell fate specification -- 1.2.3. Neuronal migration -- 1.2.4. Axonal targeting -- 1.3. GnRH peptide is structurally conserved -- 1.4. Regulation of GnRH gene expression -- 1.5. GnRH release is pulsatile -- 2. The Organization of the Mammalian Pituitary Gland -- 2.1. The hypophysial portal system -- 2.2. Gonadotropic cells: GnRH receptors -- 2.2.1. GnRH receptor structure -- 2.2.2. GnRH receptor regulation in gonadotropes -- 2.2.3. GnRH receptor signaling in gonadotropes -- 3. Introduction to Gonadotropins -- 3.1. LH and FSH physiological functions -- 3.2. Intracellular trafficking of LH and FSH -- 3.3. GnRH pulsatility differentially regulates LH and FSH -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Endocrine and paracrine regulation of mammalian spermatogenesis -- 1. Overview of Spermatogenesis and Its Regulation -- 2. Endocrine Regulation of Spermatogenesis -- 2.1. Testosterone -- 2.2. FSH -- 3. Paracrine Regulation of Spermatogenesis -- 3.1. Stem spermatogonia -- 3.2. Sertoli cell function: Regulation by germ cells -- 4. Future Directions -- 4.1. Hormone-based contraception in males -- 4.2. Male infertility -- 4.3. Hypogonadism -- References -- Chapter 4: Endocrinology of the mammalian ovary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Embryogenesis of the Ovary -- 2.1. Oogenesis -- 2.2. Folliculogenesis -- 2.2.1. Ovarian steroidogenesis -- 2.3. Sexual maturation/puberty -- 3. The Ovarian Cycle -- 3.1. The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle -- 3.2. Ovulation -- 3.3. The luteal phase of the ovarian cycle -- 4. Ovarian Lifespan and Reproductive Aging -- 5. Ovarian Events and Reproductive Cycles of Selected Mammals -- 5.1. The 4-day cycling rat -- 5.2. The ewe -- 5.3. Women -- 5.4. The elephant. , 6. Future Research Needs -- References -- Chapter 5: Evolution of viviparity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reproductive Modes -- 3. Taxonomic Distribution of Viviparity -- 3.1. Invertebrates -- 3.2. Examples of viviparity in extinct taxa -- 3.3. Chondrichthyes -- 3.4. Actinopterygii (teleostei) -- 3.5. Coelacanthiformes -- 3.6. Lissamphibia -- 3.7. Squamata -- 3.8. Mammalia -- 4. Why Does Viviparity Evolve? -- 4.1. Costs and benefits of oviparity and viviparity -- 4.2. Hypotheses for the transition from oviparity to viviparity -- 4.2.1. Cold climate hypothesis (Squamata) -- 4.2.2. Hypoxia hypothesis (Squamata) -- 4.2.3. Maternal manipulation hypothesis (Squamata) -- 4.2.4. Selfish mothers (Squamata, but broadly applicable) -- 4.2.5. Environmental predictability (Squamata, but broadly applicable) -- 4.2.6. Nest availability/dry-climate hypothesis (amphibians, invertebrates, squamates) -- 4.2.7. Predation (fishes, squamates, but broadly applicable) -- 4.3. Evolution of matrotrophic viviparity -- 4.3.1. Resource-allocation hypothesis (fishes, squamates) -- 4.3.2. Locomotor-cost hypothesis (fishes, squamates) -- 4.3.3. Conflict-driven hypothesis (all taxa) -- 4.4. Can ``reversals´´ to oviparity occur? -- 4.4.1. Evidence for reversals to oviparity in vertebrates -- 5. Physiological Changes Associated With Viviparity and Requirements for Embryonic Development -- 5.1. Internal fertilization -- 5.2. Increasing duration of egg retention -- 5.3. Respiratory gas exchange -- 5.3.1. Reduction in egg coverings -- 5.3.2. Maternal tissue remodeling -- 5.3.3. Modifications of embryonic biochemistry and morphology -- 5.3.4. Behavioral adaptations -- 5.4. Maternal-embryonic nutrient transport -- 5.4.1. Histotrophy/histophagy -- 5.4.2. Oophagy -- 5.4.3. Embryophagy -- 5.4.4. Matrophagy -- 5.4.5. Placentotrophy -- 5.5. Immune regulation -- 6. Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 6: Hormones and pregnancy in eutherian mammals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Generalized Mammalian Pregnancy -- 2.1. The major endocrine organs of gestation: The ovary, the uterus, and the placenta -- 2.2. The major hormones of pregnancy -- 2.2.1. Sex steroids (progestogens and estrogens) -- 2.2.2. Relaxin -- 2.2.3. Placental lactogens -- 2.3. Putting the pieces together: Gestation as a dynamic physiological state -- 2.4. A note on pseudo-pregnancy -- 3. Comparative Endocrinology of Pregnancy in Eutherian Mammals -- 3.1. Primates -- 3.2. Rodentia -- 3.3. Lagomorpha -- 3.4. Cetartiodactyla -- 3.5. Perissodactyla -- 3.6. Carnivora -- 3.7. Chiroptera -- 3.8. Eulipotyphla -- 3.9. Afrotheria -- 3.10. The understudied groups -- 3.10.1. Dermoptera -- 3.10.2. Scandentia -- 3.10.3. Pholidota -- 3.10.4. Xenarthra -- 4. Future Directions and Opportunities -- References -- Chapter 7: Hormones and the comparative physiology of parturition in mammals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What Determines Gestation Length? -- 3. How Are Fetal Maturation and Parturition Synchronized? -- 4. How Does the Fetus Signal the Initiation of Labor? -- 4.1. A more complicated case: The corpus luteum-dependent species -- 4.2. The role of the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the initiation of parturition -- 4.3. Signals from the fetal lungs -- 5. How Are the Uterotonic Mechanisms Activated? -- 5.1. The sex steroids: Progesterone (P4) and estrogens -- 5.2. Inflammatory mediators: Prostaglandins (PGs) and cytokines -- 5.3. Oxytocin (OXY) -- 5.4. Electrical conductivity of the myometrium -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Supplemental references from the Editors -- Chapter 8: Hormones and lactation in mammals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lactation Across Mammalia: Origins and Diversity -- 2.1. Evolutionary origins of lactation. , 2.2. Evolution of hormones associated with lactation -- 2.3. Diversity of lactation strategies -- 2.4. Capital versus income breeding -- 2.5. Male lactation -- 3. Integrative Organismal Physiology of Lactation -- 3.1. Energetics of lactation -- 3.1.1. The energetic demands of supporting lactation -- 3.1.2. Constraints on milk synthesis -- 3.2. Lactation as a performance trait -- 3.3. Effects of lactation on other body systems -- 4. Mammary Anatomy -- 4.1. Variation in external anatomy -- 4.2. Organization, tissues, and cells -- 4.3. Milk components and biosynthesis -- 5. Mammary Physiology -- 5.1. Mammogenesis -- 5.1.1. Embryonic and fetal mammogenesis -- 5.1.2. Prepubertal and pubertal mammogenesis -- 5.1.3. Mammogenesis during gestation -- 5.1.4. Mammogenesis during lactation -- 5.2. Lactogenesis -- 5.3. Galactopoiesis -- 5.4. Milk ejection -- 5.5. Lactation curves and mammary gland involution -- 6. Maternal Effects and Lactation -- References -- Chapter 9: Stress and reproduction in mammals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stress -- 2.1. What is stress? -- 2.2. Is stress ``bad´´? -- 2.3. How do we operationalize stress? -- 2.3.1. Levels of analysis -- 2.3.2. Stress mediators -- 3. The HPA Axis and the Glucocorticoids -- 3.1. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis -- 3.2. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors -- 4. Reproduction-Scope and Point of View -- 4.1. Sex and reproduction in mammals -- 5. The Stress and Reproduction Relationship-Existing Frameworks -- 5.1. How does stress relate to reproduction? -- 5.2. What does the HPA axis have to do with female reproduction? -- 5.3. What does the HPA axis have to do with male reproduction? -- 5.4. Stress and reproductive hypotheses -- 6. Stress and Reproduction-Outstanding Questions -- 7. Tackling Stress and Reproduction Questions-Considerations for Experimental Design and Methodology. , References.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-15986-6

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (398 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-443-16023-6

Note: Intro -- Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 3: Reptiles -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the series -- Preface to Volume 3: Reptiles -- Chapter 1: Sex determination and differentiation in reptiles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Distribution -- 2.1. Chelonian and squamate sex determination -- 3. Diversity of SDMS and patterns -- 3.1. Patterns of genotypic sex determination -- 3.2. Patterns of temperature-dependent sex determination -- 4. Proximate Mechanisms -- 4.1. Gonadal differentiation and gene expression -- 4.2. Steroid signaling and TSD -- 5. Endocrine Disruptions -- 5.1. Estrogenic EDCs -- 5.2. Nonestrogenic EDCs -- 6. Ecology and Evolution -- 6.1. Ecological relevance: TSD under natural temperatures -- 6.2. Adaptive significance of sex-determining mechanisms -- 7. Future Research and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Neuroendocrinology of reptilian reproductive behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Behavioral Displays in Ecological Context -- 2.1. Anolis lizards and the ecology of visual reproductive displays -- 2.2. Reproductive communication in other reptilian taxa -- 2.2.1. Differences between males and females -- 2.2.2. Variation within sexes: Alternative reproductive strategies -- 2.3. Summary -- 3. Hormonal Control of Reproductive Behaviors in Adulthood -- 3.1. Hormonal control of anole reproduction -- 3.2. Hormonal control in species with alternative reproductive strategies -- 3.3. Hormonal control of reproduction in other reptilian taxa -- 3.4. Evolution of hormones and reproductive behavior -- 3.5. Summary -- 4. Neural Control of Reproductive Behaviors -- 4.1. Neural and muscular control of anole reproduction -- 4.2. Neural control of whiptail lizard reproduction -- 4.3. Neural control of reproduction in other reptiles -- 4.4. Summary. , 5. Development of Reproductive Traits -- 5.1. Development of sex differences in anoles and whiptail lizards -- 5.2. Development in reptiles with alternative reproductive morphs -- 5.3. Development in reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination -- 5.4. Summary -- 6. Adult Plasticity -- 6.1. Effects of season and hormone manipulation in anoles -- 6.2. Effects of season and hormone manipulation in other reptiles -- 6.3. Summary -- 7. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: Hormonal regulation of testicular functions in reptiles* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Testicular structure -- 2.1. Tubular compartment of the testis -- 2.2. Interstitial compartment -- 3. Testicular functions -- 3.1. Spermatogenesis -- 3.2. Steroidogenesis -- 4. Regulation of testicular functions -- 4.1. Environmental factors -- 4.2. Extragonadal factors -- 4.2.1. Hypothalamic hormones -- 4.2.2. Pituitary hormones -- 4.2.3. Other hormones -- 4.3. Intratesticular factors -- 4.3.1. Androgens -- 4.3.2. Estrogens -- 4.3.3. Other paracrine factors -- 4.3.3.1. Testicular factors -- 4.3.3.2. Cellular factors -- 4.3.3.2.1. Sertoli cell-secreted factors -- 4.3.3.2.2. Testicular macrophage-secreted factor -- 4.3.3.2.3. Histamine -- 4.3.3.2.4. Leydig cell-secreted factor -- 5. Regulation of testicular immune functions -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Hormonal regulation of ovarian function in reptiles -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ovarian structure -- 1.2. Ovarian development -- 1.2.1. Hormonal control of ovarian development -- 1.3. Major ovarian hormones -- 1.4. Hypophysial regulation of ovarian function -- 2. Ovarian Steroids -- 2.1. Steroid synthesis -- 2.2. Tissue receptors -- 2.3. Steroid-binding proteins in plasma -- 2.4. Peripheral metabolism of steroids -- 3. Follicular Development -- 3.1. Recruitment -- 3.2. Follicular development. , 3.2.1. Roles of hormones in recruitment and folliculogenesis -- 3.2.2. Determinants of clutch size -- 3.2.3. Follicular atresia -- 3.3. Vitellogenesis -- 3.3.1. Mechanisms of vitellogenesis -- 3.3.2. Hormones and vitellogenesis -- 3.3.3. Yolk steroids -- 4. Ovulation -- 4.1. Mechanisms of ovulation in reptiles -- 4.2. Hormonal control of ovulation -- 4.3. Oocyte maturation -- 5. The Postovulatory Ovary: The Corpus Luteum -- 5.1. Morphological changes in the reptilian corpus luteum -- 5.2. Steroid production by the corpus luteum -- 5.3. Relaxin -- 5.4. Hormones and luteolysis -- 6. Future Directions: Application of Reproductive Endocrinology to Conservation -- References -- Chapter 5: Hormones and the sex ducts and sex accessory structures of reptiles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Oviparity -- 3. Reproductive Cycles and Sex Hormones -- 4. The Male -- 4.1. Efferent ductules -- 4.2. Ductus epididymis -- 4.3. Ductus deferens -- 4.4. Reproductive cycles and hormonal dependence -- 4.5. Epididymis -- 4.6. Renal sex segment -- 4.7. Femoral glands -- 4.8. Unresolved questions -- 5. The Female -- 5.1. Infundibulum -- 5.2. Uterine tube -- 5.3. Isthmus -- 5.4. Uterus -- 5.5. Vagina -- 5.6. Reproductive cycles and hormonal dependence -- 5.7. Oviduct -- 5.8. Oviposition -- 5.9. Unresolved questions -- 6. Sperm Storage -- 6.1. Unresolved questions -- References -- Chapter 6: Pheromones and reproduction in reptiles -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Pheromones of vertebrates -- 1.2. Chemosensory abilities of reptiles: The vomeronasal organ -- 1.3. Pheromones and reproduction in reptiles -- 2. Testudines -- 2.1. Terrestrial tortoises -- 2.2. Freshwater turtles -- 2.3. Sea turtles -- 3. Rhynchocephalia -- 4. Crocodylia -- 5. Squamata: Amphisbaenians -- 6. Squamata: Lizards -- 6.1. Secretory glands and potential pheromones -- 6.1.1. Skin. , 6.1.2. Femoral, precloacal, and preanal glands -- 6.1.3. Cloacal glands and feces -- 6.1.4. Urodeal glands -- 6.2. Chemosensory recognition -- 6.2.1. Sex and individual recognition -- 6.2.2. Trailing -- 6.2.3. Kin recognition -- 6.3. Pheromones in mate choice -- 6.3.1. Evolutionary mechanisms -- 6.4. Pheromones in agonistic interactions and dominance between males -- 7. Squamata: Snakes -- 7.1. Secretory glands and potential pheromones -- 7.1.1. Skin -- 7.1.2. Cloacal scent glands -- 7.1.3. Nasal glands -- 7.2. Chemosensory recognition -- 7.2.1. Sex discrimination and trailing -- 7.2.2. Mate assessment -- 7.2.3. Pheromonal female mimicry -- 8. Suggestions for Future Research -- References -- Chapter 7: Stress and reproduction in reptiles -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Objectives -- 1.2. Definitions -- 1.3. Importance of studying reptiles -- 1.4. Relationship of stress to reproduction in reptilian life histories -- 2. Mechanisms Mediating Stress Response -- 2.1. Brain -- 2.2. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis -- 2.3. Immune system -- 2.4. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis -- 3. Effects of Stress on Reproductive Function -- 3.1. Neurotransmitters -- 3.2. Reproductive hormones -- 3.3. Gonads -- 3.3.1. Ovarian function -- 3.3.2. Testicular function -- 3.4. Behavior -- 4. Seasonal Changes in Circulating Corticosterone Levels -- 4.1. Baseline and stress levels -- 4.2. Prebreeding, breeding, and postbreeding periods -- 5. Modulation of Stress Response During Reproduction -- 5.1. Evidence -- 5.2. Mechanisms -- 6. Fitness Effects of Stress During Reproduction -- 6.1. Adults -- 6.2. Mothers and offspring -- 6.3. Offspring -- 7. Conclusions and Research Directions -- 7.1. Conclusions -- 7.2. Research directions -- References -- Chapter 8: Hormones and behavior of reptiles -- 1. Introduction. , 1.1. Organization and other developmental effects of reptilian hormones on behavior -- 1.2. Endocrine effects on behavior in viviparous species -- 1.3. Activational events -- 1.4. Endocrine network theory and the regulation of behaviors -- 2. The Form of Natural, Sexual, and Social Selection -- 2.1. Hormone modulation of male reproductive behaviors -- 2.2. Sexual selection, life history, and correlated selection-Hormones, behavior, and fitness -- 2.3. Testosterone (T) and signals-Colors and badges -- 2.4. Testosterone, aggression, and territoriality -- 2.5. Testosterone (T) and courtship/copulations -- 2.6. Integration-Hormones, performance, behavior, and fitness -- 2.7. Modulation of aggressive and courtship behavior: Arginine vasotocin (AVT) -- 2.8. Interactions with CNS neuroendocrine hormones -- 2.9. Parental care-Crocodilians as model organisms -- 3. Social Networks and Endocrine Networks -- 3.1. Social groups, monogamy, filiative behaviors, and the suppression of ``aggression´´ -- 3.2. The potential role of prolactin as the master regulator of reptilian behaviors -- References -- Chapter 9: Hormones and reproductive cycles in turtles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodologies -- 2.1. Gonadal cycles -- 2.2. Hormonal cycles -- 3. Different Types of Cycles and Timing of Reproduction in Turtles -- 3.1. Cyclicity -- 3.1.1. Prenuptial and postnuptial reproductive cycles -- 3.1.2. Sexual maturation -- 3.1.3. Nesting cyclicity -- 3.1.4. Variation in the number of clutches -- 3.2. Timing of reproduction -- 3.2.1. Nesting phenology and climate change -- 4. Hormonal and Gonadal Reproductive Cycles -- 4.1. Cryptodira -- 4.1.1. Freshwater turtles -- 4.1.2. Sea turtles -- 4.1.3. Terrestrial turtles (tortoises) -- 4.2. Pleurodires -- 4.2.1. Chelidae -- 4.2.2. Podocnemididae -- 4.2.3. Pelomedusidae -- 5. Other Hormonal Cycles -- 5.1. Metabolic and stress hormones. , 5.1.1. Thyroid hormones and possible role in reproduction.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-16022-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (326 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-443-16025-2

Note: Intro -- Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 4: Birds -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the series -- Preface to Volume 4: Amphibians -- Chapter 1: Sex determination and differentiation in birds -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sex Determination in Avians -- 2.1. The concept of cell-autonomous sex determination -- 2.2. Bird sex chromosomes -- 2.3. The W sex chromosome and avian gonadal sex determination -- 2.4. The Z sex chromosome, gene dosage, and the DMRT1 gene -- 3. Gonadal Sex Differentiation in the Chicken Embryo: Genes and Hormones Downstream of DMRT1 -- 3.1. Gonadal sex differentiation in the chicken embryo -- 3.2. Key gonadal sex-determining genes in the chicken embryo -- 3.3. Aromatase gene expression, estrogen synthesis, and ovary formation -- 3.4. Pituitary gonadotrophins and gonadal estrogen production -- 3.5. Androgen production in embryonic bird gonads -- 3.6. Sexual differentiation of the avian germline -- 4. Development and Sexual Differentiation of the Internal Ducts -- 4.1. Wolffian duct formation and sexual differentiation -- 4.2. Müllerian duct formation and sexual differentiation -- 5. Sexual Differentiation of the External Genitalia -- 6. Sexual Differentiation Beyond the Urogenital System -- 7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Neuroendocrine control of reproduction in birds -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Hypothalamus-Pituitary System (HPS) -- 3. Mechanisms and Pathways Regulating Gonadotropin (GTH) Secretion -- 3.1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -- 3.2. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) -- 4. Mechanisms and Pathways Regulating Socio-Sexual Behavior -- 4.1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -- 4.2. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) -- 4.3. Mesotocin (MT) and arginine vasotocin (AVT). , 5. Mechanisms and Pathways Regulating Ovulation and Oviposition -- 5.1. Regulation of ovulation -- 5.2. Regulation of oviposition -- 6. Mechanisms and Pathways Regulating Parental Behavior -- 7. Mechanisms and Pathways Regulating Seasonal Reproduction -- 7.1. Seasonal reproduction in birds -- 7.2. Seasonal changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -- 7.3. Photoreceptor -- 7.4. Biological clock -- 7.5. Melatonin (MEL) -- 7.6. Thyroid hormones -- 8. Future Research Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: Avian testicular structure, function, and regulation -- 1. Testicular Structure and Functions -- 1.1. Leydig cells -- 1.2. Seminiferous tubules -- 1.3. Testicular androgen hormone synthesis and secretion -- 1.4. Spermatogenesis -- 1.5. Sperm maturation, transport, and storage -- 1.6. Seasonal testicular regression and programmed cell death -- 2. Central Regulation of Gonadal Function -- 3. Endocrine and Paracrine Regulation of Testicular Function -- 3.1. Luteinizing hormone -- 3.2. Follicle-stimulating hormone -- 3.3. Gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone -- 3.4. Glucocorticoids and metabolic hormones -- 3.5. Prolactin -- 3.6. Melatonin -- 3.7. Inhibin and activin -- 3.8. Nitric oxide (NO) and d-aspartate (d-Asp) -- 3.9. An avian androgen-binding protein -- 4. Exogenous Regulation of Testicular Function -- 4.1. Abiotic factors -- 4.1.1. Photoperiod -- 4.1.2. Precipitation -- 4.1.3. Temperature -- 4.1.4. Food -- 4.2. Life history -- 4.2.1. Breeding strategy -- 4.2.2. Migratory vs sedentary species -- 4.2.3. Brood parasitism -- 4.2.4. Social cues -- 5. Ecology of Testicular Functions -- 5.1. Linking testosterone and sperm quality -- 5.2. Correlates of testicular size -- 5.2.1. Body size, age, and social system -- 5.2.2. Testosterone, mating systems, and geography -- 5.3. Theories of sperm competition -- 5.4. Negative consequences of large testes. , 6. Anthropogenic Impacts on Testicular Function -- 6.1. Climate change -- 6.2. Urbanization and endocrine disruption -- 7. Testicular Dysfunction -- 7.1. Phytoestrogens -- 7.2. Hybridization and infertility -- 7.3. Testicular pathology -- 8. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 4: Organization and functional dynamics of the avian ovary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Avian Ovary -- 2.1. Organization of the embryonic ovary -- 2.2. Posthatch and juvenile development of the ovary -- 2.3. Organization of the laying hen ovary -- 2.3.1. Follicle vasculature -- 2.3.2. Follicle innervation -- 3. Follicular Development -- 3.1. Initial recruitment -- 3.2. Follicular selection and preovulatory follicle development -- 3.2.1. Vitellogenesis -- 3.3. Ovulation -- 3.4. Postovulatory follicles -- 3.5. Ovarian steroidogenesis -- 4. Endocrine, Paracrine, and Autocrine Factors Regulating Ovarian Function -- 4.1. Protein and amino acid-derivative hormones -- 4.1.1. Gonadotropin-releasing and -inhibitory hormones and gonadotropins -- 4.1.2. Growth hormone (GH) -- 4.1.3. Prolactin (PRL) and prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) -- 4.1.4. Ghrelin -- 4.1.5. Adipokines -- 4.1.6. Growth factors and cytokines -- 4.1.7. Melatonin -- 4.1.8. Thyroid hormones -- 4.2. Ovarian steroids and vitamin D3 -- 4.2.1. Progesterone -- 4.2.2. Androgens -- 4.2.3. Estrogens -- 4.2.4. Vitamin D3 -- 5. Reproductive Seasonality -- 5.1. Environmental cues mediating ovarian growth -- 5.2. Ovulation-oviposition cycles -- 5.3. Regression of the ovary during the photorefractory period and molt -- 6. Follicle Atresia -- 7. Functions of A Local Ovarian Clock -- 8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Glucocorticoids, environmental challenges, and reproduction in birds -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Allostasis -- 1.2. The damage-fitness model -- 1.3. Glucocorticoid background. , 1.4. The contributions of downstream modulators of glucocorticoid action on reproduction: Binding globulins and receptors -- 1.4.1. Binding globulins -- 1.4.2. Glucocorticoid receptor expression -- 1.5. Ways to study glucocorticoids, reproduction, and environmental challenges -- 2. Interrelationships of Glucocorticoids and Reproduction -- 2.1. Life-history influence: How have patterns of glucocorticoid secretion been shaped by life-history characteristics? -- 2.1.1. Pace of life -- 2.1.2. Breeding season length -- 2.1.3. Age -- 3. Reproductive Performance Measures: Effects of Glucocorticoids on Measures of Performance That Are Expected to Enhance ... -- 3.1. Morphology-Feather coloration and quality -- 3.2. Physiology -- 3.2.1. Onset of breeding -- 3.2.2. Body condition -- 3.3. Behavior -- 3.3.1. Territorial behavior -- 3.3.2. Singing behavior -- 3.3.3. Response to predators -- 3.3.4. Parental care -- 4. Reproductive Success and Fitness -- 4.1. Glucocorticoids and measures of reproductive output -- 4.2. Trade-offs -- 4.3. Lifetime reproductive success -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Hormonal regulation of avian courtship and mating behaviors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Steroid Hormones Synchronize Courtship and Mating Behaviors With Reproductive Physiology and Environmental Factors -- 2.1. Steroid control of male courtship and mating behaviors -- 2.1.1. Environmental and social stimuli influence male testosterone (T) -- 2.1.2. Hormone manipulations establish a role for testosterone (T) in male courtship and copulation -- 2.1.3. Many testosterone (T) effects on male courtship and copulation are mediated by its metabolites -- 2.1.4. Estrogens influence different components of male sexual behavior on different timescales -- 2.2. Steroid control of female courtship and mating behaviors -- 2.2.1. Estrogens and female sexual behavior. , 2.2.2. Progestogens and female sexual behavior -- 2.2.3. Environmental and social stimuli influence female 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations and behavior -- 3. Steroid Hormones Act Within Distinct Brain Regions to Influence Courtship and Mating -- 3.1. Brain regions involved in social and sexual behavior -- 3.2. Brain regions involved in song control and auditory processing -- 3.3. Steroid hormone receptor, enzyme, and metabolite distribution in males -- 3.3.1. Androgen receptors (ARs) -- 3.3.2. Estrogen receptors (ERs) -- 3.3.3. Enzyme and metabolite distribution in males -- 3.4. Steroid hormone receptor, enzyme, and metabolite distribution in females -- 3.4.1. Androgen receptors (ARs) and estrogen receptors (ERs) -- 3.4.2. Progesterone (P4) receptors (PRs) -- 3.4.3. Enzyme and metabolite distribution in females -- 3.5. Plasticity of steroid hormone systems in the brain relates to the timing of breeding behaviors -- 3.5.1. Receptor dynamics relate to breeding behaviors -- 3.5.2. Aromatase (P450aro) is regulated by testosterone (T) -- 4. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Male Sexual Behavior -- 4.1. Male ring doves and Japanese quail -- 4.1.1. Steroid hormones act within the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) to regulate male sexual behavior -- 4.1.2. Appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior rely on partially distinct neuronal mechanisms -- 4.1.3. The medial preoptic nucleus (POM) is part of a neural circuit that regulates male sexual behavior -- 4.2. Male songbirds -- 4.2.1. Testosterone (T) stimulates male courtship song -- 4.2.2. Testosterone (T) may act within the song control system to influence sensorimotor aspects of song -- 4.2.3. Evidence that testosterone (T) acts in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) to motivate male courtship song -- 4.2.4. The medial preoptic nucleus (POM) is part of a neural circuit that regulates male courtship song. , 4.2.5. Evidence that testosterone (T) acts in the periphery to influence male courtship display.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-16024-4

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (436 pages)

Edition: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 0-443-16010-4

Note: Intro -- Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates, Volume 1: Fishes -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the series -- Preface to Volume 1: Fishes -- Chapter 1: Sex determination and differentiation in teleost fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sex determination -- 2.1. Genetic sex determination -- 2.1.1. MSD genes among teleosts -- 2.1.1.1. Transcription factors -- 2.1.1.2. TGF-β superfamily members -- 2.1.1.3. Other MSD genes -- 2.1.2. Evolution of MSD genes and sex chromosomes -- 2.2. Environmental sex determination -- 2.2.1. Abiotic factors in ESD -- 2.2.2. Biotic factors in ESD -- 2.2.3. Mechanisms underlying ESD -- 2.2.3.1. Stress-mediated regulation of ESD -- 2.2.3.2. Epigenetic regulation of ESD -- 2.3. Polygenic sex determination -- 3. Sexual differentiation -- 3.1. Gonad morphology -- 3.2. Testicular differentiation -- 3.3. Ovarian differentiation -- 3.4. Germline sexual development -- 3.5. Sexual plasticity in adult gonochoristic fishes -- 4. Conclusions -- 5. Future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: Reproductive neuroendocrinology in teleost fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hypothalamic-pituitary communication -- 3. Gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland -- 4. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -- 4.1. Pulsatile release of GnRH in fishes? -- 4.2. Multiple G-protein coupled receptor subtypes mediate GnRH action -- 4.3. Questioning the essentiality of GnRH for successful reproduction in teleosts -- 5. Amines and amino acids -- 5.1. Dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction -- 5.2. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) -- 6. RFamide peptides -- 6.1. Kisspeptin (Kp) -- 6.2. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) -- 7. Tachykinin/neurokinin -- 8. Secretogranin-2 (SCG2) and secretoneurin (SN) -- 9. Sex steroid actions and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. , 10. Steroid receptors in brain and pituitary -- 11. Evidence for steroid receptors in identified neuroendocrine neurons -- 11.1. Do sex steroids directly affect GnRH neurons? -- 11.2. RFamide family neurons -- 11.3. OXT/SCG2a-positive neurons -- 12. Targeted mutation of the aromatases and sex steroid receptors reveal new roles of estrogens in reproduction -- 13. Conclusions and perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Testicular function and hormonal regulation in fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Testis structure and spermatogenesis: An overview -- 3. Testicular hormones -- 3.1. Steroids -- 3.2. Additional hormones and signaling molecules -- 3.3. Genomic approaches -- 4. Endocrine regulation of testis structure and function -- 5. Temporal aspects of testicular function -- 5.1. Development from undifferentiated gonad to functional testis -- 5.2. Release of spermatozoa -- 5.3. Seasonal aspects of testicular function -- 6. Accessory gonadal structures -- 6.1. Testicular glands and testicular blind pouches -- 6.2. Seminal vesicles -- 6.2.1. Seasonal variation -- 6.2.2. Steroidogenesis -- 6.2.3. Hormonal regulation -- 6.2.4. Components of seminal vesicle plasma and their functions -- 7. Intraspecific variation in spermatozoa characteristics and testicular function -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Regulation of ovarian development and function in teleosts -- 1. Introduction: Fish models of reproductive strategies -- 2. Morphological aspects of the teleost ovary and stages of oocyte development -- 3. Differentiation of primordial germ cells into oogonia -- 4. Oogenesis, oocyte growth, and development -- 5. Oocyte maturation and ovulation -- 6. Final considerations -- References -- Supplemental references from the Editors -- Chapter 5: Thyroid hormone and reproduction in fishes -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Thyroid Hormone Delivery -- 2.1. Regulation of circulating thyroid hormone levels -- 2.2. Thyroid hormone transporters -- 2.3. Thyroid hormone clearance -- 3. Thyroid Hormone Receptors -- 3.1. Nuclear T3 receptors -- 3.2. Plasma membrane T4 receptor -- 4. The Thyroid Tissue of Fishes -- 4.1. Thyroid hormone synthesis and release -- 5. Thyroid Hormones and Reproduction in Fishes -- 5.1. Correlative changes in TH function during the reproductive cycle -- 5.2. TH regulation of early gonadal development and differentiation -- 5.3. Regulatory role of THs and interaction with the HPG axis -- 5.4. Presence and regulation of gonadal deiodinase and thyroid hormone receptor subtypes -- 5.5. Interaction between thyroid and the HPG axis -- 5.5.1. The effects of gonadal steroids on THs -- 5.6. The effects of THs on gonadal function and gametogenesis -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Stress and reproduction in teleost fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Effectors of the stress response -- 1.2. Effectors of reproductive functions -- 2. Effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis -- 2.1. Effects of stress on the central nervous system (CNS) -- 2.2. Effects of stress at the level of the pituitary -- 2.3. Effects of stress on hepatic vitellogenesis -- 2.4. Effects of stress on gonadal function -- 3. Life stage-specific effects of stress on reproduction -- 3.1. Impact of stress during embryonic and larval stages -- 3.2. Impacts of stress on puberty -- 3.3. Impacts of stress on adults -- 4. Effects of sex and reproduction on the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis -- 5. Reproduction and resistance to stress -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Supplemental references from the Editors -- Chapter 7: Hormones and sexual behavior of teleost fishes -- 1. Definition and Phases of Sexual Behavior. , 2. Patterns of Sexual Behavior in Fishes -- 2.1. Preparing for reproduction -- 2.2. Finding and choosing a mate -- 2.3. Copulation and fertilization -- 2.4. Two special cases: Sex-role reversal and alternative reproductive tactics -- 2.4.1. Sex-role reversal -- 2.4.2. Alternative reproductive tactics -- 3. Endocrine Mechanisms Regulating Sexual Behavior -- 3.1. Gonadal steroids -- 3.1.1. Gonadal steroids and male sexual behavior -- 3.1.2. Gonadal steroids and female sexual behavior -- 3.2. Neuropeptides -- 3.2.1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) -- 3.2.2. Arginine Vasotocin (AVT) -- 3.2.3. Isotocin (IST) -- 3.2.4. Neuropeptide B (NBP) -- 3.3. Prostaglandins (PGs) -- 4. Brain Circuits Underlying Sexual Behavior in Fishes -- 5. Prospects for Future Research -- 5.1. In vivo imaging and manipulation of brain activity -- 5.2. Molecular biology -- 5.3. Genetics -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Neuroendocrine regulation in sex-changing teleost fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. A brief history of sex-changing fish research -- 1.2. Protogynous sex change -- 1.3. Protandrous sex change -- 1.4. Bidirectional sex change -- 2. Stage I: Stable Social Environment -- 2.1. The size advantage model -- 2.2. Competitive growth -- 2.3. Thyroid signaling and sex change -- 2.4. Neuroendocrine correlates of social hierarchy -- 3. Stage II: Permissive Social Environment -- 3.1. General anatomy of the hypothalamus and preoptic area -- 3.2. Socially controlled sex change -- 3.3. Nonapeptides and the social decision network -- 3.4. GnRH and the HPG axis -- 3.5. Upstream regulators of GnRH -- 3.6. Monoamine control of hypothalamic signaling -- 3.7. Cortisol and the HPI axis -- 4. Stage III: Gonadal Remodeling and Feedback to the Hypothalamus -- 4.1. Gonadal steroids -- 4.2. Gonadal remodeling -- 4.3. Cortisol action on the gonads. , 4.4. Feedback from the gonad to the brain -- 5. Sex Change Research in the Genomic Age -- 5.1. Epigenetics of sex change -- 5.2. Single-cell RNA sequencing -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: The pineal and reproduction of teleosts and other fishes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Functional Organization of the Fish Pineal Organ -- 2.1. Photoreceptor cells -- 2.2. Neurons -- 2.3. Glia -- 2.4. Macrophages -- 2.5. Retinal-pigmented epithelium-like (RPE-like) cells -- 3. The Pineal Inputs: Direct Photosensitivity -- 4. The Pineal Clock -- 4.1. The circadian clock machinery -- 4.2. A clock in the fish pineal photoreceptor cells -- 4.3. The pineal gland in the fish circadian organization -- 5. Pineal Rhythmic Outputs -- 5.1. The nervous message: Glutamate -- 5.2. The hormonal message: Melatonin -- 5.3. The neurohormonal peptidergic message(s) -- 5.3.1. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) -- 5.3.2. Growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone -- 5.3.3. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) -- 6. The Control of the Rhythmic Pineal Productions -- 6.1. Photoperiod and circadian clock control -- 6.2. Temperature -- 6.2.1. Direct effects -- 6.2.2. Indirect effects -- 6.3. Other (internal) modulators of pineal productions -- 6.3.1. Autocrine and paracrine regulators -- 6.3.2. Catecholamines -- 6.3.3. Steroids -- 6.3.4. Peptides -- 7. The Targets of the Pineal Messages -- 7.1. The pineal nerve and its projections -- 7.2. The melatonin receptors -- 7.2.1. Characterization -- 7.2.2. Sites of expression -- 7.2.3. Characterization and regulation -- 8. The Pineal Gland and Reproduction -- 8.1. The effects of melatonin depend on season and species -- 8.2. Melatonin acts at all stages of the BPG axis -- 8.2.1. Melatonin effects in the brain -- 8.2.2. Melatonin effects in the pituitary -- 8.2.3. Melatonin effects in the gonads -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 10: Hormonally derived sex pheromones in fishes.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-16009-0

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (293 p.)

ISBN: 1-283-10124-6 , 9786613101242 , 0-08-095805-2

Series Statement: Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates ; v. 4

Content: This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the vertebrates.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates Preface to the Series; Preface to Volume 4 Birds; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations; Abbreviations , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-374929-8

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (433 p.)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-283-10125-4 , 9786613101259 , 0-08-095807-9

Series Statement: Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates ; v. 3

Content: This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the vertebrates.

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Hormones andReproduction of VertebratesVolume 3: Reptiles; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Preface; Contributors; Chapter 1 Sex Determination in Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 WHAT MECHANISMS OCCUR IN REPTILES? DIVERSITY OF SEX-DETERMINING MECHANISMS (SDMs) AND PATTERNS; 3 WHO EXHIBITS GENOTYPIC SEX DETERMINATION (GSD) AND TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT SEX DETERMINATION (TSD)? TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION; 4 HOW IS SEX DETERMINED? PROXIMATE MECHANISMS; 5 WHEN IS SEX DETERMINED? TIMING OF EMBRYONIC SEXUAL LABILITY , 6 WHY DO REPTILES EXHIBIT A DIVERSITY OF SEX-DETERMINING MECHANISMS (SDMS)? ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION7 WHERE TO GO NEXT: FUTURE RESEARCH AND CONCLUSIONS; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 2 Neuroendocrinology of Reptilian Reproductive Behavior; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 BEHAVIORAL DISPLAYS IN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT; 3 HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS IN ADULTHOOD; 4 NEURAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS; 5 DEVELOPMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; 6 ADULT PLASTICITY; 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES , Chapter 3 Hormonal Regulation of Testicular Functions in Reptiles1 INTRODUCTION; 2 TESTICULAR STRUCTURE; 3 TESTICULAR FUNCTIONS; 4 REGULATION OF TESTICULAR FUNCTIONS; 5 REGULATION OF TESTICULAR IMMUNE FUNCTIONS; 6 MAINTENANCE OF MALE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS AND COURTSHIPnbspBEHAVIOR; 7 CONCLUSIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 4 Hormonal Regulation of Ovarian Function in Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 OVARIAN STEROIDS; 3 FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; 4 OVULATION; 5 THE POST-OVULATORY OVARY: THE CORPUS LUTEUM; 6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS: APPLICATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY TO CONSERVATION , ABBREVIATIONSREFERENCES; Chapter 5 Hormones and the Sex Ducts and Sex Accessory Structures of Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 OVIPARITY; 3 REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES AND SEX HORMONES; 4 THE MALE; 5 THE FEMALE; 6 SPERM STORAGE; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 6 Pheromones and Reproduction in Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 TESTUDINES/TURTLES; 3 RHYNCHOCEPHALIA; 4 CROCODILIA; 5 SQUAMATA; 6 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 7 Stress and Reproduction in Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 MECHANISMS MEDIATING STRESS RESPONSE , 3 EFFECTS OF STRESS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION4 SEASONAL CHANGES IN CIRCULATING CORTICOSTERONE (CORT) LEVELS; 5 MODULATION OF STRESS RESPONSE DURING REPRODUCTION; 6 FITNESS EFFECTS OF STRESS DURING REPRODUCTION; 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 8 Hormones and Behavior of Reptiles; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2. THE FORM OF NATURAL, SEXUAL, ANDSOCIAL SELECTION; 3 SOCIAL NETWORKS AND ENDOCRINE NETWORKS; ABBREVIATIONS; REFERENCES; Chapter 9 Viviparity in Reptiles: Evolution and Reproductive Endocrinology; 1 INTRODUCTION; 2 DEFINING REPRODUCTIVE MODE , 3 EVOLUTION OF VIVIPARITY WITHIN SQUAMATES , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-374930-1

Language: English