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  • 1
    UID:
    almahu_BV046689724
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 237 Seiten) : , Diagramme.
    ISBN: 978-0-226-69576-1
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research conference report
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-226-69562-4
    Language: English
    Keywords: Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Student ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan.
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_1669911349
    Format: ix, 237 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9780226695624
    Series Statement: A National Bureau of Economic Research conference report
    Content: Introduction / Ina Ganguli, Shulamit Kahn, and Megan MacGarvie --I. Location choices of international students and return migration.Return migrants' self-selection : evidence for Indian inventors /Stefano Breschi, Francesco Lissoni, and Ernest Miguelez --Will the U.S. keep the best and the brightest (as post-docs)? Career and location preferences of foreign STEM PhDs /Ina Ganguli and Patrick Gaulé --II. Immigration policy and innovation.High-skill immigration, innovation, and creative destruction /Gaurav Khanna and Munseob Lee --New data and facts on H-1B workers across firms /Anna Maria Mayda, Francesc Ortega, Giovanni Peri, Kevin Shih, and Chad Sparber --Immigration and invention : does language matter? /Kirk Doran and Chungeun Yoon --III. Immigration and entrepreneurship.Immigrant entrepreneurs and innovation in the U.S. high-tech sector /J. David Brown, John S. Earle, Mee Jung Kim, and Kyung Min Lee --Immigrant networking and collaboration : survey evidence from CIC /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Are foreign STEM PhDs more entrepreneurial? Entrepreneurial characteristics, preferences, and employment outcomes of native and foreign science and engineering PhD students /Michael Roach, Henry Sauermann, and John Skrentny
    Content: "Although the U.S. is home to just 4.4 percent of the world's population, it is by far the most attractive destination for skilled immigrants. Indeed, more than a quarter of all STEM jobs in the health care, information, finance, and education industries are held by immigrants. Engaging original empirical analysis of new data, this volume's contributions shows the links between immigration policy in determining who can come into the country and the rate of innovation among immigrants. The research also brings into focus the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship and to differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. The contributors look at both immigrants who come here for work and those who come originally for education."
    Note: "Papers from a workshop organized by the National Bureau of Economic Research and held at Cambridge, MA, on 27 April 2018." , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780226695761
    Language: English
    Keywords: USA ; Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer ; Student ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship ; Konferenzschrift
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023591575
    Format: 56 S. , Kt., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research 〈Cambridge, Mass.〉: NBER working paper series 11470
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023592488
    Format: 61 S. , graph. Darst. , 22 cm
    Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 12563
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan
    Author information: Cockburn, Iain 1930-
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023592130
    Format: 40, [7] S. , graph. Darst. , 22 cm
    Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 12195
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan
    Author information: Hall, Bronwyn H. 1945-
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023593541
    Format: 59 S. , graph. Darst. , 22 cm
    Series Statement: Working paper series / National Bureau of Economic Research 13644
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Author information: MacGarvie, Megan
    Author information: Cockburn, Iain 1930-
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  • 7
    UID:
    almafu_9958121807902883
    Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);
    Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w13644
    Content: The impact of stronger intellectual property rights in the software industry is controversial. One means by which patents can affect technical change, industry dynamics, and ultimately welfare, is through their role in stimulating or stifling entry by new ventures. Patents can block entry, or raise entrants' costs in variety of ways, while at the same time they may stimulate entry by improving the bargaining position of entrants vis-à-vis incumbents, and supporting a "market for technology" which enables new ventures to license their way into the market, or realize value through trade in their intangible assets. One important impact of patents may be their influence on capital markets, and here we find evidence that the extraordinary growth in patenting of software during the 1990s is associated with significant effects on the financing of software companies. Start-up software companies operating in markets characterized by denser patent thickets see their initial acquisition of VC funding delayed relative to firms in markets less affected by patents. The relationship between patents and the probability of IPO or acquisition is more complex, but there is some evidence that firms without patents are less likely to go public if they operate in a market characterized by patent thickets.
    Note: November 2007.
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    UID:
    almafu_9958106710902883
    Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);
    Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w12563
    Content: To what extent are firms kept out of a market by patents covering related technologies? Do patents held by potential entrants make it easier to enter markets? We estimate the empirical relationship between market entry and patents for 27 narrowly defined categories of software products during the period 1990-2004. Controlling for demand, market structure, average patent quality, and other factors, we find that a 10% increase in the number of patents relevant to market reduces the rate of entry by 3-8%, and this relationship intensified following expansions in the patentability of software in the mid-1990s. However, potential entrants with patent applications relevant to a market are more likely to enter it. Finally, patents appear to substitute for complementary assets in the entry process, as patents have both greater entry-deterring and entry-promoting effects for firms without prior experience in other markets.
    Note: October 2006.
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    almafu_9958103536502883
    Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);
    Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w11470
    Content: The establishment and growth of industrial research laboratories is one of the key organizational innovations affecting technological progress in the United States in the 20th century. In this paper, we investigate the rise of industrial research laboratories in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry between 1927 and 1946. Our evidence suggests that institutional factors, namely the presence of universities dedicated to research, played a significant role in the establishment and diffusion of private pharmaceutical research laboratories. Specifically, we document that the growth of industrial pharmaceutical laboratories between 1927 and 1946 is positively and significantly correlated with the extent of local university research, after controlling for other observable factors likely to influence the geographic distribution of industrial research. We supplement our core results with case histories illustrative of early university-industry interaction and an examination of the determinants of university-industry research cooperation. Our qualitative historical evidence and analyses of the birth of chemical engineering programs suggest that industry also played a role in influencing university research agendas. We correct for feedback effects from industry to universities using instrumental variables. Overall, our analyses suggest that while the presence of industrial facilities helped shape the direction of university research programs, there was a significant, positive, and causal effect running from university research to the growth of pharmaceutical research laboratories in the first half of the twentieth century in the United States.
    Note: July 2005.
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    UID:
    almafu_9958065214002883
    Format: 1 online resource: , illustrations (black and white);
    Series Statement: NBER working paper series no. w12195
    Content: We investigate the value creation or destruction associated with the introduction of software patents in the United States in two ways. The first looks at the cumulative abnormal returns to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) firms around the time of important court decisions that impacted software patents, and the second analyzes the relationship between firms' stock market value, the sector in which they operate, and their holdings of software patents. We conclude that the market evaluated software patents as a negative development ex ante. Ex post, a greater number of firms in all ICT sectors invested in these patents, and these firms had slightly higher market values than those with no software patents. However, while we obtain clear evidence that the technological importance or quality of patented innovation mattered for the market value of hardware firms both before and after the legal changes, it is less clear that the marginal patent right per se was associated with increases in market value, and there are no significant valuation effects associated with patents for pure software firms after the change.
    Note: May 2006.
    Language: English
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