Format:
Online-Ressource (XV, 679 p. 64 illus., 45 illus. in color, digital)
ISBN:
9781461439035
Series Statement:
SpringerLink
Content:
Homeostasis of key metabolites and metabolic health affects all bodily systems. Not surprisingly, altered metabolic function is associated with a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in the central nervous system including developmental disorders, acute nervous system injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, metabolism-based therapies offer significant promise as new category of treatment options designed to limit, delay or reverse the disease process by reconstructing homeostatic functions. Increasingly it is appreciated that restoring metabolic health could promote normal nervous system activity, and improve behavior and cognition. Adenosine: A Key Link Between Metabolism and Central Nervous System Activity focusses on diverse aspects of adenosine, an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic bioenergetic regulator in the central nervous system. Because of its interrelationship with ATP (adenosine triphosphate), adenosine is integral to cell metabolism. At the same time, adenosine influences neuronal activity directly via receptors, and is involved in biochemical processes related to gene expression. Thus, adenosine is uniquely placed as a reciprocal and rapid link between changes in metabolism and changes in neuronal activity, and, on a longer time scale, to changes in gene expression and long term changes in cell function. Leaders in the field feature basic research on adenosine at the cellular level in the central nervous system, and relate these findings to its recognized potential in diverse acute and chronic disorders. This comprehensive overview of adenosine also highlights emerging adenosine-based treatments and associated opportunities for central nervous system disorders.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
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Adenosine; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Introduction; Chapter 1: Adenosine and Metabolism-A Brief Historical Note; 1.1 The Earliest History; 1.2 Adenosine and Shock; 1.3 Adenosine and Vasodilatation; 1.4 Adenosine Formation and Degradation; 1.4.1 Elimination of Adenosine; 1.4.2 Formation of Adenosine; 1.5 Adenosine as a Retaliatory Metabolite; 1.5.1 Adenosine and Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism; 1.6 Adenosine and Central Temperature and Metabolic Control; References; Part II: Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, and Cell Biology of Adenosine
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Chapter 2: Adenosine Metabolism, Adenosine Kinase, and Evolution2.1 Adenosine Kinase: Function and Role in Adenosine Metabolism; 2.1.1 Adenosine; 2.1.1.1 Adenosine Metabolizing Enzymes; 2.1.1.2 Adenosine Producing Enzymes; 2.1.1.3 Adenosine Transport; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters; Concentrative Nucleotide Transporters; 2.1.2 Adenosine Kinase; 2.1.2.1 Enzymological Aspects of Adenosine Kinase; Magnesium Requirement; Substrate Speci fi city; Regulation by Inorganic Phosphate; Crystallographic Structure; Catalytic Mechanism; 2.1.2.2 Inhibitors of Adenosine Kinase as Therapeutic Agents
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Nucleoside AnalogsNonnucleoside Inhibitors; 2.1.2.3 Isoforms of Adenosine Kinase and Subcellular Localization; Tissue Distribution; Involvement in Methylation Processes; 2.1.2.4 Mutants Affected in Adenosine Kinase; Molecular Characterization of Mutants; 2.1.2.5 Adenosine Kinase Gene Structure; 2.1.2.6 Adenosine Kinase and the Ribokinase Family Proteins; 2.1.3 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: Adenosine and Energy Metabolism-Relationship to Brain Bioenergetics; 3.1 Overview of Sources and Requirements for Brain Bioenergetics; 3.2 Adenosine and ATP Metabolism
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3.3 Adenosine and Brain Adenylate Energy Charge3.4 Dif fi culty in Accurately and Precisely Measuring Levels of ATP and Adenosine; References; Chapter 4: Adenosine and Autocrine Metabolic Regulation of Neuronal Activity; 4.1 Purinergic Signaling Links Metabolism to Neuronal Activity; 4.1.1 Altered Metabolism with Ischemia/Hypoxia, Fasting, or Dietary Therapy Modulates Neuronal Activity; 4.1.2 Adenosine Links Metabolism to Neuronal Activity; 4.2 Regulation of Extracellular Adenosine Levels in the CNS; 4.2.1 ATP Release as a Source of Extracellular Adenosine
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4.2.2 Other Sources of Extracellular Adenosine4.2.3 ATP Breakdown into Adenosine is the Main Pathway for Metabolic Autocrine Regulation; 4.3 Autocrine Metabolic Regulation in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons; 4.3.1 Autocrine Regulation in CA3 Pyramidal Neurons via Adenosine A 1 Receptors: An In Vitro Model of the Ketogenic Diet; 4.3.2 An Interpretation of the Role of Adenosinergic Autocrine Modulation in CA3 Pyramidal Neurons; 4.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 5: Physiologic and Metabolic Regulation of Adenosine: Mechanisms; 5.1 Introduction
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5.2 Tonic Extracellular Adenosine Comes from the Breakdown of ATP Released by Astrocytes
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9781461439028
Additional Edition:
Buchausg. u.d.T. ISBN 978-1-461-43902-8
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4614-3903-5
URL:
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