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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population ageing and government revenue : Expected trends and policy considerations to boost revenue (2022)
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    Details
    UID:
    almafu_BV048943192
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (56 Seiten).
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.1737
    Content: Population ageing is expected to result in significantly higher government spending in many OECD countries in the coming decades. This paper sheds light on the macroeconomic consequences of population ageing for government revenue in a framework consistent with the OECD long-term model. If the labour and capital income shares in GDP remain constant and pension income increases in relation to GDP, the tax revenue-to-GDP ratio will increase slightly. However, this will not be enough to cover the total increase in government spending due to population ageing. If governments do not mitigate spending pressures by structural reforms or cuts in pension entitlements, they will have to boost tax revenue significantly to prevent public debt from expanding. In many countries, it will not be possible, nor advisable, to completely finance the increase in long-term spending with only one tax instrument as it would require a massive rise in the tax rate, with risks of ensuing distortions. Thus, governments will have to choose mixes of tax increases, accounting for growth, equity and political considerations. This paper reviews these considerations for several specific tax categories
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/9ce9e8e3-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trademarks as an Indicator of Product and Marketing Innovations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_730025039
    Format: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/06
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/224428874418
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Confronting the zombies : Policies for productivity revival (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047935399
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers
    Content: Policies that spur more efficient corporate restructuring can revive productivity growth by targeting three inter-related sources of labour productivity weakness: the survival of "zombie" firms (low productivity firms that would typically exit in a competitive market), capital misallocation and stalling technological diffusion. New OECD policy indicators show that there is much scope to improve the design of insolvency regimes in order to reduce the barriers to restructuring of weak firms and the personal costs associated with entrepreneurial failure. Insolvency regime reform can not only address the aforementioned sources of productivity weakness but also enhance the productivity impacts of reducing entry barriers in product markets. As the zombie firm problem may partly stem from bank forbearance, complementary reforms to insolvency regimes are essential to ensure that a more aggressive policy to resolve non-performing loans is effective. Distortions in the banking sector highlight the importance of market-based financing instruments for productivity growth with the inherent debt bias in corporate tax systems emerging as a key barrier to technological diffusion. Finally, well-designed job search and retraining policies are effective at returning workers displaced by firm exit to work, particularly in environments where barriers to firm entry are low
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/f14fd801-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A set of matrices to map the location of profit and economic activity of multinational enterprises (2020)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047928674
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers
    Content: This paper describes the methodology and data sources used to build a set of matrices mapping the location of profit and economic activity of multinational enterprises (MNEs) across jurisdictions. These matrices were originally designed for the purpose of assessing the effect of proposals for the reform of international corporate tax arrangements under consideration by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). They could also serve other analytical purposes in the future. The set consists of a profit matrix and three matrices focusing on indicators of economic activity (turnover, tangible assets and payroll). Each matrix contains data spanning more than 200 jurisdictions (matrix rows) and broken down across more than 200 jurisdictions of MNE ultimate parent (matrix columns), focusing primarily on year 2016. The matrices combine data from a range of sources in a consistent framework, including newly available aggregated Country-by-Country Report (CbCR) data, the ORBIS database, and the OECD Analytical AMNE database. Gaps in data are filled using extrapolations based on macroeconomic data, including via a sophisticated procedure to extrapolate profit based on foreign direct investment (FDI) data. Extensive benchmarking has been undertaken to ensure consistency across the data sources and extrapolations used in the matrices
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/4ec98acc-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trademarks as an Indicator of Product and Marketing Innovations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934351
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (46 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers
    Content: Non-technological innovation is a major factor of competitiveness and productivity growth in the economy, notably in the service industries. However, the measurement of non-technological innovation and of innovation in the service industries is currently very poor, as traditional data sources like R&D or patents do not apply to these types of innovations. This document presents a strong candidate for quantifying non-technological innovation: trademark data. Trademarks constitute a rich and easily accessible source of data. Besides, several studies have shown that they are highly correlated with various innovation variables (patents, share of innovative sales). Lastly, trademarks have a large perimeter of application; they are present in almost every sector of the economy. Trademark data are then likely to convey information on two key (overlapping) aspects of innovation that are not well covered by traditional indicators: innovation in the service sectors and marketing innovation. This paper aims at presenting trademarks, their potential link with innovations and their main statistical properties, to see if they may actually serve as an innovation indicator
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/224428874418
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring Design and its Role in Innovation (2015)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047937042
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (50 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers
    Content: This working paper sums up the main findings of an OECD project aiming to provide an evidence basis for focusing efforts to improve the measurement of technological and non-technological forms of business innovation, with particular focus on the role of design. It reviews a broad range of novel design-related measures, indicating their advantages and limitations in terms of policy relevance and insights. The analysis of design provides a valuable test-case for assessing the robustness of the overall framework for measuring innovation as proposed in the OECD/Eurostat Oslo Manual. It identifies a number of areas for potential development in a future revision, focused on the role of users and the implementation of the definition of innovation and innovation activities. It also identifies a range of design concepts based on an informal consultation with the design expert community. The paper also illustrates a number of findings arising from the first-time use of a set of experimental and optional questions on design implementing a "ladder-type" model of design which describes levels of sophistication and integration of the design function within the firm. Cognitive testing and analysis of the microdata from a large and representative sample of Danish firms shows a high degree of respondent acceptance of the experimental questions and supports their predictive validity vis-à-vis a number of hypotheses on the use of design and a series of innovation and economic outcomes potentially associated to it
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/5js7p6lj6zq6-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insolvency Regimes, Technology Diffusion and Productivity Growth : Evidence from Firms in OECD Countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047933150
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers
    Content: This paper explores the link between the design of insolvency regimes across countries and laggard firms' multi-factor productivity (MFP) growth, using new OECD indicators of the design of insolvency regimes. Firm-level analysis shows that reforms to insolvency regimes that lower barriers to corporate restructuring are associated with higher MFP growth of laggard firms. These results are consistent with the idea that insolvency regimes that do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring can incentivise experimentation and provide scope to reconfigure production and organisational structures in order to faciliate technological adoption. The results also highlight policy complementarities, with insolvency regimes that reduce the cost of entrepreneurial failure potentially enhancing the MFP gains from lowering administrative entry barriers in product markets. Finally, we find that reducing debt bias in corporate tax systems and well-developed venture capital markets are associated higher laggard firm MFP growth, suggesting that equity financing can also be an important driver of technological diffusion. These findings carry strong policy implications, in light of the fact that there is much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries and given evidence that stalling technological diffusion has contributed to the aggregate productivity slowdown
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/36600267-en
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can productivity still grow in service-based economies? : literature overview and preliminary evidence from OECD countries (2018)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1663562946
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1531
    Content: Services employ an ever-increasing share of workers in all OECD countries. This trend is likely to continue as it reflects deep structural forces, such as increasing consumption of services with rising incomes and population ageing and the growing role of intangible assets. Services are very diverse, but overall tend to have weaker productivity levels and growth rates than manufacturing. As a result, the shift to services entails a moderate but persistent drag on productivity growth. Still, there are reasons to hope for a pick-up in service productivity in the future, including thanks to new technologies (e.g. digital platforms, artificial intelligence). This concerns both “knowledge intensive” services (e.g. information and communication) and less knowledge intensive ones (e.g. personal transport). Harnessing this productivity potential requires adjusting policies to foster innovation and efficient use of new technologies, enhance competitive forces by reducing information asymmetries, barriers to entry and switching costs, and increase the tradability of services within countries and across borders.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/4458ec7b-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insolvency regimes, technology diffusion and productivity growth : evidence from firms in OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1019723831
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1425
    Content: This paper explores the link between the design of insolvency regimes across countries and laggard firms’ multi-factor productivity (MFP) growth, using new OECD indicators of the design of insolvency regimes. Firm-level analysis shows that reforms to insolvency regimes that lower barriers to corporate restructuring are associated with higher MFP growth of laggard firms. These results are consistent with the idea that insolvency regimes that do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring can incentivise experimentation and provide scope to reconfigure production and organisational structures in order to faciliate technological adoption. The results also highlight policy complementarities, with insolvency regimes that reduce the cost of entrepreneurial failure potentially enhancing the MFP gains from lowering administrative entry barriers in product markets. Finally, we find that reducing debt bias in corporate tax systems and well-developed venture capital markets are associated higher laggard firm MFP growth, suggesting that equity financing can also be an important driver of technological diffusion. These findings carry strong policy implications, in light of the fact that there is much scope to reform insolvency regimes in many OECD countries and given evidence that stalling technological diffusion has contributed to the aggregate productivity slowdown.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/36600267-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Like it or not? : the impact of online platforms on the productivity of incumbent service providers (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1679345702
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department working papers no. 1548
    Content: This paper uses a novel empirical approach to assess if the development of online platforms affects the productivity of service firms. We build a proxy measure of platform use across four industries (hotels, restaurants, taxis and retail trade) and ten OECD countries using internet search data from Google Trends, which we link to firm-level data on productivity in these industries. We find that platform development supports the productivity of the average incumbent service firm and also stimulates labour reallocation towards more productive firms in these industries. This may notably reflect that platforms’ user review and rating systems reduce information asymmetries between consumers and service providers, enhancing competition between providers. The effects depend on platform type. “Aggregator” platforms that connect incumbent service providers to consumers tend to push up the productivity of incumbents, while more disruptive platforms that enable new types of providers to compete with them (e.g. home sharing, ride hailing) have on average no significant effect on it. Consistent with this, we find that different platform types affect differently the profits, mark-ups, employment and wages of incumbent service firms. Finally, the productivity gains from platforms are lower when a platform is persistently dominant on its market, suggesting that the contestability of platform markets should be promoted.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/080a17ce-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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