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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9783540510611

Series Statement: Lecture notes in physics 330

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druckausgabe ISBN 978-3-540-46142-5

Language: English

Keywords: Gravitationslinse ; Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie ; Gravitationsfeld ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1007/3-540-51061-3

URL: Volltext

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Format: XXIV, 226 S.

ISBN: 0-8166-3800-4 , 0-8166-3801-2

Series Statement: Visible evidence 12

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

Subjects: General works

Keywords: Amateurfilm

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Format: XIV, 238 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.

ISBN: 3-540-51061-3 , 0-387-51061-3

Series Statement: Lecture notes in physics 330.

Note: Literaturangaben

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

Keywords: Gravitationslinse ; Gravitationslinse ; Gravitationsfeld ; Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (872 p.)

ISBN: 9783319444314

Series Statement: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library

Content: astronomy; physics; communications; radio; engineering

Note: English

Language: English

URL: kostenfrei

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Format: XXIII, 692 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst.

Edition: 2. ed.

ISBN: 0-471-25492-4 , 978-0-471-25492-8

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

Keywords: Radiointerferometrie ; Radioastronomie ; Radiointerferometer

URL: Table of Contents

URL: Table of Contents

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Format: XX, 534 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.

Edition: 1. print

ISBN: 0471806145

Series Statement: A Wiley-Interscience publication

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

Keywords: Radiointerferometrie ; Radioastronomie ; Radiointerferometer

URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0607/85017990-b.html

URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0607/85017990-d.html

URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0607/85017990-t.html

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Format: 1 online resource (XIV, 240 p. 41 illus.)

Edition: 1st ed. 1989.

Edition: Online edition Springer Lecture Notes Archive ; 041142-5

ISBN: 3-540-46142-6

Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Physics, 330

Note: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Recollections of the career of Bernard Burke -- 0957+561: The unpublished story -- History of gravitational lenses and the phenomena they produce -- The versatile elliptical gravitational lens -- Gravitational lens optics -- Gravitational lensing of extended sources -- Moving gravitational lenses -- Explaining Burke and Shapiro to Newton -- Recent optical observations of gravitational lenses -- VLBI observations of gravitational lenses -- VLBI phase reference mapping techniques and the search for the third image of 0957+561 -- First VLBI hybrid maps of 0957+561 A and B -- VLA measurement of the time delay in the gravitationally lensed double quasar 0957+561 -- Optical determinations of the time delay in 0957+561 -- Resolution of galaxy and third image of gravitational lens 2016+112 -- Arcs in clusters of galaxies as gravitational lens images -- A gravitational telescope in Abell 370: Indeed it works! -- Observations of the blue arcs in Abell 963 -- Is the giant luminous arc due to lensing by a cosmic string? -- Results of the VLA gravitational lens survey -- Optical searches for gravitational lenses -- An optical imaging survey for gravitational lenses and the discovery of a new lens candidate -- Statistics of gravitational lenses: Galaxies and dark matter -- Highly colinear radio sources and constraints on gravitational lens space density -- Gravitational microlensing -- Cosmic density estimate from microlensing -- Micro-lensing model for QSO 2237+0305 -- A viable explanation for quasar-galaxy associations? -- Reception photographs. , English

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: ISBN 3-540-51061-3

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/3-540-51061-3

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-51061-3

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Format: 1 online resource (XLVI, 872 p. 252 illus., 10 illus. in color.)

Edition: 3rd ed. 2017.

ISBN: 3-319-44431-X

Series Statement: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library,

Content: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license. The third edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the second edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that affect array speed; and an expanded discussion of digital signal-processing techniques and of scintillation phenomena and the effects of atmospheric water vapor on image distortion, among many other topics. With its comprehensiveness and detailed exposition of all aspects of the theory and practice of radio interferometry and synthesis imaging, this book has established itself as a standard reference in the field. It begins with an overview of the basic principles of radio astronomy, a short history of the development of radio interferometry, and an elementary discussion of the operation of an interferometer. From this foundation, it delves into the underlying relationships of interferometry, sets forth the coordinate systems and parameters to describe synthesis imaging, and examines configurations of antennas for multielement synthesis arrays. Various aspects of the design and response of receiving systems are discussed, as well as the special requirements of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), image reconstruction, and recent developments in image enhancement techniques and astrometric observations. Also discussed are propagation effects in the media between the source and the observer, and radio interference, factors that limit performance. Related techniques are introduced, including intensity interferometry, optical interferometry, lunar occultations, tracking of satellites in Earth orbit, interferometry for remote Earth sensing, and holographic measurements of antenna surfaces. This book will benefit anyone who is interested in radio interferometry techniques for astronomy, astrometry, geodesy, or electrical engineering.

Note: Preface -- Introduction and Historical Review -- Introductory Theory of Interferometry and Synthesis Imaging -- Analysis of the Interferometer Response -- Geometric Relationships and Polarimetry -- Antennas and Arrays -- Response of the Receiving System -- Design of the Analog Receiving System -- Digital Signal Processing -- Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry -- Calibration and Fourier Transformation of Visibility Data -- Deconvolution, Adaptive Calibration and Applications -- Interferometer Techniques for Astrometry and Geodesy -- Propagation Effects -- Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem, Spatial Coherence and Scattering -- Radio Interference -- Related Techniques -- Principal Symbols -- Index. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 3-319-44429-8

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44431-4

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44431-4

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (910 pages)

Edition: 3rd ed.

ISBN: 9783319444314

Series Statement: Astronomy and Astrophysics Library

Note: Intro -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Principal Symbols -- 1 Introduction and Historical Review -- 1.1 Applications of Radio Interferometry -- 1.2 Basic Terms and Definitions -- 1.2.1 Cosmic Signals -- 1.2.2 Source Positions and Nomenclature -- 1.2.3 Reception of Cosmic Signals -- 1.3 Development of Radio Interferometry -- 1.3.1 Evolution of Synthesis Techniques -- 1.3.2 Michelson Interferometer -- 1.3.3 Early Two-Element Radio Interferometers -- 1.3.4 Sea Interferometer -- 1.3.5 Phase-Switching Interferometer -- 1.3.6 Optical Identifications and Calibration Sources -- 1.3.7 Early Measurements of Angular Width -- 1.3.8 Early Survey Interferometers and the Mills Cross -- 1.3.9 Centimeter-Wavelength Solar Imaging -- 1.3.10 Measurements of Intensity Profiles -- 1.3.11 Spectral Line Interferometry -- 1.3.12 Earth-Rotation Synthesis Imaging -- 1.3.13 Development of Synthesis Arrays -- 1.3.14 Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry -- 1.3.15 VLBI Using Orbiting Antennas -- 1.4 Quantum Effect -- Appendix 1.1 Sensitivity of Radio Astronomical Receivers (the Radiometer Equation) -- Further Reading -- Textbooks on Radio Astronomy and Radio Interferometry -- Historical Reviews -- General Interest -- References -- 2 Introductory Theory of Interferometry and Synthesis Imaging -- 2.1 Planar Analysis -- 2.2 Effect of Bandwidth -- 2.3 One-Dimensional Source Synthesis -- 2.3.1 Interferometer Response as a Convolution -- 2.3.2 Convolution Theorem and Spatial Frequency -- 2.3.3 Example of One-Dimensional Synthesis -- 2.4 Two-Dimensional Synthesis -- 2.4.1 Projection-Slice Theorem -- 2.4.2 Three-Dimensional Imaging -- Appendix 2.1 A Practical Fourier Transform Primer -- A2.1.1 Useful Fourier Transform Pairs -- A2.1.2 Basic Fourier Transform Properties. , A2.1.3 Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform -- A2.1.4 Fourier Series -- A2.1.5 Truncated Functions -- References -- 3 Analysis of the Interferometer Response -- 3.1 Fourier Transform Relationship Between Intensityand Visibility -- 3.1.1 General Case -- 3.1.2 East-West Linear Arrays -- 3.2 Cross-Correlation and the Wiener-Khinchin Relation -- 3.3 Basic Response of the Receiving System -- 3.3.1 Antennas -- 3.3.2 Filters -- 3.3.3 Correlator -- 3.3.4 Response to the Incident Radiation -- Appendix 3.1 Mathematical Representation of Noiselike Signals -- A3.1.1 Analytic Signal -- A3.1.2 Truncated Function -- References -- 4 Geometrical Relationships, Polarimetry, and the Interferometer Measurement Equation -- 4.1 Antenna Spacing Coordinates and (u,v) Loci -- 4.2 (u',v') Plane -- 4.3 Fringe Frequency -- 4.4 Visibility Frequencies -- 4.5 Calibration of the Baseline -- 4.6 Antennas -- 4.6.1 Antenna Mounts -- 4.6.2 Beamwidth and Beam-Shape Effects -- 4.7 Polarimetry -- 4.7.1 Antenna Polarization Ellipse -- 4.7.2 Stokes Visibilities -- 4.7.3 Instrumental Polarization -- 4.7.4 Matrix Formulation -- 4.7.5 Calibration of Instrumental Polarization -- 4.8 The Interferometer Measurement Equation -- 4.8.1 Multibaseline Formulation -- Appendix 4.1 Hour Angle-Declination and Elevation-Azimuth Relationships -- Appendix 4.2 Leakage Parameters in Terms of the Polarization Ellipse -- A4.2.1 Linear Polarization -- A4.2.2 Circular Polarization -- References -- 5 Antennas and Arrays -- 5.1 Antennas -- 5.2 Sampling the Visibility Function -- 5.2.1 Sampling Theorem -- 5.2.2 Discrete Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform -- 5.3 Introductory Discussion of Arrays -- 5.3.1 Phased Arrays and Correlator Arrays -- 5.3.2 Spatial Sensitivity and the Spatial TransferFunction -- 5.3.3 Meter-Wavelength Cross and T-Shaped Arrays -- 5.4 Spatial Transfer Function of a Tracking Array. , 5.4.1 Desirable Characteristics of the Spatial Transfer Function -- 5.4.2 Holes in the Spatial Frequency Coverage -- 5.5 Linear Tracking Arrays -- 5.6 Two-Dimensional Tracking Arrays -- 5.6.1 Open-Ended Configurations -- 5.6.2 Closed Configurations -- 5.6.3 VLBI Configurations -- 5.6.4 Orbiting VLBI Antennas -- 5.6.5 Planar Arrays -- 5.6.6 Some Conclusions on Antenna Configurations -- 5.7 Implementation of Large Arrays -- 5.7.1 Low-Frequency Range -- 5.7.2 Midfrequency and Higher Ranges -- 5.7.2.1 Phased-Array Feeds -- 5.7.2.2 Optimum Antenna Size -- 5.7.3 Development of Extremely Large Arrays -- 5.7.4 The Direct Fourier Transform Telescope -- Further Reading -- References -- 6 Response of the Receiving System -- 6.1 Frequency Conversion, Fringe Rotation,and Complex Correlators -- 6.1.1 Frequency Conversion -- 6.1.2 Response of a Single-Sideband System -- 6.1.3 Upper-Sideband Reception -- 6.1.4 Lower-Sideband Reception -- 6.1.5 Multiple Frequency Conversions -- 6.1.6 Delay Tracking and Fringe Rotation -- 6.1.7 Simple and Complex Correlators -- 6.1.8 Response of a Double-Sideband System -- 6.1.9 Double-Sideband System with Multiple Frequency Conversions -- 6.1.10 Fringe Stopping in a Double-Sideband System -- 6.1.11 Relative Advantages of Double- and Single-Sideband Systems -- 6.1.12 Sideband Separation -- 6.2 Response to the Noise -- 6.2.1 Signal and Noise Processing in the Correlator -- 6.2.2 Noise in the Measurement of Complex Visibility -- 6.2.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in a Synthesized Image -- 6.2.4 Noise in Visibility Amplitude and Phase -- 6.2.5 Relative Sensitivities of Different Interferometer Systems -- 6.2.6 System Temperature Parameter α -- 6.3 Effect of Bandwidth -- 6.3.1 Imaging in the Continuum Mode -- 6.3.2 Wide-Field Imaging with a Multichannel System -- 6.4 Effect of Visibility Averaging -- 6.4.1 Visibility Averaging Time. , 6.4.2 Effect of Time Averaging -- 6.5 Speed of Surveying -- Appendix 6.1 Partial Rejection of a Sideband -- References -- 7 System Design -- 7.1 Principal Subsystems of the Receiving Electronics -- 7.1.1 Low-Noise Input Stages -- 7.1.2 Noise Temperature Measurement -- 7.1.3 Local Oscillator -- 7.1.4 IF and Signal Transmission Subsystems -- 7.1.5 Optical Fiber Transmission -- 7.1.6 Delay and Correlator Subsystems -- 7.2 Local Oscillator and General Considerationsof Phase Stability -- 7.2.1 Round-Trip Phase Measurement Schemes -- 7.2.2 Swarup and Yang System -- 7.2.3 Frequency-Offset Round-Trip System -- 7.2.4 Automatic Correction System -- 7.2.5 Fiberoptic Transmission of LO Signals -- 7.2.6 Phase-Locked Loops and Reference Frequencies -- 7.2.7 Phase Stability of Filters -- 7.2.8 Effect of Phase Errors -- 7.3 Frequency Responses of the Signal Channels -- 7.3.1 Optimum Response -- 7.3.2 Tolerances on Variation of the Frequency Response: Degradation of Sensitivity -- 7.3.3 Tolerances on Variation of the Frequency Response: Gain Errors -- 7.3.4 Delay and Phase Errors in Single- and Double-Sideband Systems -- 7.3.5 Delay Errors and Tolerances -- 7.3.6 Phase Errors and Degradation of Sensitivity -- 7.3.7 Other Methods of Mitigation of Delay Errors -- 7.3.8 Multichannel (Spectral Line) Correlator Systems -- 7.3.9 Double-Sideband Systems -- 7.4 Polarization Mismatch Errors -- 7.5 Phase Switching -- 7.5.1 Reduction of Response to Spurious Signals -- 7.5.2 Implementation of Phase Switching -- 7.5.3 Timing Accuracy in Phase Switching -- 7.5.4 Interaction of Phase Switching with Fringe Rotation and Delay Adjustment -- 7.6 Automatic Level Control and Gain Calibration -- 7.7 Fringe Rotation -- Appendix 7.1 Sideband-Separating Mixers -- Appendix 7.2 Dispersion in Optical Fiber -- Appendix 7.3 Alias Sampling -- References -- 8 Digital Signal Processing. , 8.1 Bivariate Gaussian Probability Distribution -- 8.2 Periodic Sampling -- 8.2.1 Nyquist Rate -- 8.2.2 Correlation of Sampled but UnquantizedWaveforms -- 8.3 Sampling with Quantization -- 8.3.1 Two-Level Quantization -- 8.3.2 Four-Level Quantization -- 8.3.3 Three-Level Quantization -- 8.3.4 Quantization Efficiency: Simplified Analysis for Four or More Levels -- 8.3.5 Quantization Efficiency: Full Analysis, Three or More Levels -- 8.3.6 Correlation Estimates for Strong Sources -- 8.4 Further Effects of Quantization -- 8.4.1 Correlation Coefficient for Quantized Data -- 8.4.2 Oversampling -- 8.4.3 Quantization Levels and Data Processing -- 8.5 Accuracy in Digital Sampling -- 8.5.1 Tolerances in Digital Sampling Levels -- 8.6 Digital Delay Circuits -- 8.7 Quadrature Phase Shift of a Digital Signal -- 8.8 Digital Correlators -- 8.8.1 Correlators for Continuum Observations -- 8.8.2 Digital Spectral Line Measurements -- 8.8.3 Lag (XF) Correlator -- 8.8.4 FX Correlator -- 8.8.5 Comparison of XF and FX Correlators -- 8.8.6 Hybrid Correlator -- 8.8.7 Demultiplexing in Broadband Correlators -- 8.8.8 Examples of Bandwidths and Bit DataQuantization -- 8.8.9 Polyphase Filter Banks -- 8.8.10 Software Correlators -- Appendix 8.1 Evaluation of ∞q=1R2∞(qτs) -- Appendix 8.2 Probability Integral for Two-Level Quantization -- Appendix 8.3 Optimal Performance for Four-Level Quantization -- Appendix 8.4 Introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform -- A8.4.1 Response to a Complex Sine Wave -- A8.4.2 Padding with Zeros -- Further Reading -- References -- 9 Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry -- 9.1 Early Development -- 9.2 Differences Between VLBI and Conventional Interferometry -- 9.2.1 The Problem of Field of View -- 9.3 Basic Performance of a VLBI System -- 9.3.1 Time and Frequency Errors -- 9.3.2 Retarded Baselines -- 9.3.3 Noise in VLBI Observations. , 9.3.4 Probability of Error in the Signal Search.

Additional Edition: Print version: Thompson, A. Richard Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2017 ISBN 9783319444291

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xlvi, 872 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten.

Edition: Third Edition

ISBN: 978-3-319-44431-4

Series Statement: Astronomy and astrophysics library

Note: Open Access

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, hardback ISBN 978-3-319-44429-1

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

Keywords: Radioastronomie ; Radiointerferometer ; Radiointerferometrie

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44431-4

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)