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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Mexico, DF : Naciones Unidas, CEPAL, Unidad Agrícola
    UID:
    gbv_610035029
    Format: 40 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9789213232705
    Series Statement: Serie estudios y perspectivas 105
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 35 - 36
    Language: Spanish
    Keywords: Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
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  • 2
    UID:
    gbv_622963856
    Format: 46 S. , graph. Darst. , 28 cm
    Edition: Also available on the World Wide Web
    ISBN: 9789213232620 , 9213232624
    Series Statement: Serie Estudios y perspectivas / Sede subregional de la CEPAL en México 104
    Note: Diciembre de 2008 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-43) , Also available on the World Wide Web
    Language: Spanish
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  • 3
    UID:
    gbv_879528931
    Series Statement: Serie Estudios y Perspectivas (México, DF) 104
    Content: Levy (2008) ha sugerido que la expansión de programas sociales no focalizados podría provocar un aumento de la informalidad económica en países como México. Sin embargo, esta hipótesis parte del supuesto de que existen mercados laborales competitivos e integrados en una economía. En este trabajo se realiza una prueba empírica de dicho supuesto para el caso de México y se encuentra evidencia de que existe un premio salarial en el mercado laboral formal, es decir, que individuos con características similares ganan más cuando trabajan en el sector formal que en el informal de la economía. En este sentido, se concluye que el mercado laboral en México está segmentado y, por lo tanto, que el aumento de los programas sociales no incrementaría la tasa de informalidad en el país. Are Mexican Social Politics coupled with informality? An examination of the premises of this hypothesis Abstract: Levy (2008) suggests that the expansion of unfocused social programs may provoke an increase of informal economies in countries such as Mexico. However, this hypothesis is based on the assumption that competitive labor markets exist and are integrated into economic system. This study presents empirical evidence of this assumption related to Mexico, as well as evidence of salary bonuses in the formal labor market, that demonstrates how individuals in the formal sector earn more than those performing similar tasks in the informal economy. Based on the evidence found, the study concludes that Mexico's labor market is fragmented and that social programs will be unable to increment the informal aspect of Mexico's economy.
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_879528915
    Series Statement: Serie Estudios y Perspectivas (México, DF) 105
    Content: Además de presentar resultados para la población nacional, en su conjunto, en este estudio se evalúa el impacto de la educación primaria y de la secundaria en el sector rural de México sobre tres niveles de pobreza oficialmente aceptados: pobreza alimentaria, de capacidades, y de patrimonio. Con base en la metodología del Propensity Score Matching, se descubre un impacto positivo de la educación en la reducción de la pobreza, con mayor alcance cuando se llega a la secundaria que sólo a la primaria. Para el sector rural, se concluyó que cuando una persona promedio cuenta con la primaria terminada reduce su probabilidad de encontrarse en pobreza alimentaria en 7,3 puntos porcentuales, en pobreza de capacidades en 8,3, y en pobreza de patrimonio en 6,1, lo que representa una disminución en las tasas de pobreza de quienes han concluido la primaria de 16%, 15% y 8%, respectivamente. Por su parte, con la educación secundaria, se reduce la probabilidad de encontrarse en pobreza alimentaria en aproximadamente 10,1 puntos porcentuales, en pobreza de capacidades en 11,2 y en pobreza de patrimonio en 9,6. Por todo lo anterior, se observa que el efecto de la educación para los individuos que han estudiado la secundaria disminuye las tasas de pobreza aproximadamente 25% en pobreza alimentaria, 23% en la de capacidades, y 14% en la de patrimonio. Al analizar a la población nacional en su conjunto también se observa que la educación por sí sola se convierte en un instrumento efectivo para ayudar a superar la pobreza. Mexico: the effects of education on rural poverty Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of primary and secondary education in Mexico's national and rural population, in relation to the three levels of poverty: nourishment, capacity and personal assets. Based on the methodology of Propensity Score Matching, the study illustrates the impact of education on the reduction of poverty. Based on it's empirical evidence, the study concludes that when a person ends primary education, he reduces the probability of experiencing nourishment poverty by 7,3%, poverty in terms of capacity is reduced by 8,3%, and poverty in terms of personal assets is reduced by 6, 1%. Secondary education reduces the probability of experiencing a state of nourishment poverty by 10,1%, poverty in terms capacity by 11, 2% and poverty in terms of assets by 9, 6%. The analysis of national population showed that education is an effective instrument for reducing poverty.
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    UID:
    gbv_879530251
    Series Statement: Serie Estudios y Perspectivas (México, DF) 90
    Content: Existen muchas razones por las que los gobiernos y los economistas se interesan por medir el premio en ingreso asociado con la adquisición de mayor capital humano. Una herramienta útil para ello han sido los llamados "retornos a la educación",1 que en términos generales miden el aumento en los ingresos como consecuencia del incremento de un año de escolaridad o de la adquisición de un cierto nivel educativo. Desde el punto de vista privado, los retornos a la educación proporcionan una medida del retorno a invertir en escolaridad adicional. Desde el punto de vista social, pueden ser un indicador de la relativa escasez de personas con diferentes niveles educativos, y en consecuencia ser una guía de políticas educacionales. En este estudio se calculan las tasas de retornos a la educación en México en el período 1994-2005, con base en la ecuación de Mincer (1974), utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH). Los retornos se calculan para cada nivel educativo, tanto para el medio rural como para el medio urbano, y se diferencian por género. En las estimaciones se emplea el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y el método de dos etapas de Heckman. Mexico: human capital and investments. Returns on education, 1994-2005 Abstract: There are many reasons to why governments and economists are interested in measuring revenues associated with acquiring a higher level of human capital. A useful tool for measuring these returns is the so called "returns of education", that in general terms measures the increased revenues as a consequence of an extra year of education, or acquisition of a certain level of education..From an individual level, the "returns of education" provides a tool for measuring the returns of investing in additional education. From a broader societal level, it may serve as an indicator for the relative scarcity of people with different educational levels, and as such be used as a guide to educational policies This study calculates the level of returns of education in Mexico for the period 1994-2005, based on the Mincer equation (1974), using the National Inquiry of Revenues and Expenses of Households (ENIGH). The returns are calculated by each educational level, and then divided into the categories rural environment and urban environment, which in turn are divided into gender. For the estimations, the study employed the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and the Heckman two-stage method.
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    UID:
    gbv_879727489
    Content: El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar los posibles impactos de las modificaciones en el clima sobre el sector agropecuario de Belice, en particular se presentan los resultados de los efectos de variaciones en temperatura y precipitación utilizando dos escenarios climáticos y distintos horizontes temporales. Tanto la temperatura como la precipitación que se presentaron en Belice en el año 2005 se encuentran muy cerca del nivel óptimo que la función de producción agropecuaria en su conjunto requiere para maximizar la producción. Lo anterior indica que modificaciones en las condiciones climáticas podrían ocasionar efectos negativos en la producción. El documento considera que de no tomarse medidas que busquen compensar las tendencias climáticas, las pérdidas económicas podrían ser considerables, sobre todo para los pequeños agricultores, quienes son más vulnerables a los embates del clima. Belize: Effects of climate change in agriculture Abstract This document analyzes the possible impact of climate change in the farming sector in Belize. It centers in the effects of temperature and rainfall variations using two different climate and time scenarios. In 2005, both temperature and rainfall were at the optimal level for maximizing agricultural production in the country. This shows that modifications of the climate conditions will affect negatively Belize's production. The authors assert that if no measures are taken, the economic loss would be considerable, in particular for small farmers, the most vulnerable in face of climate blows. This document is in the process of translation
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 7
    UID:
    gbv_879727470
    Content: Como respuesta al mandato de la Cumbre Presidencial Centroamericana sobre Cambio Climático de mayo de 2008, la Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México está implementando el proyecto La Economía del Cambio Climático en Centroamérica con las Autoridades de Ambiente, los Ministerios de Finanzas/Hacienda, la Secretaría de Integración Económica Centroamericana (SIECA) y la Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD) con el financiamiento del Departamento para el Desarrollo Internacional (DFID) del gobierno británico. Este estudio muestra cómo el cambio climático ocasiona reducciones en la producción, los rendimientos y el valor en la renta de la tierra de los agricultores de Guatemala. Además, se cuantifica el efecto directo de las variaciones en temperatura y precipitación sobre la producción, rendimientos y la renta de la tierra. En el documento se analizan algunos de los efectos potenciales del cambio climático sobre el sector agropecuario de Guatemala. En particular, se evalúan las variaciones en la producción y sus efectos económicos. Además de mostrar resultados para el sector en su conjunto, se examinan los impactos del cambio climático sobre algunos de los cultivos más importantes del país. De manera adicional, también se estiman las repercusiones sobre la renta de la tierra de los hogares rurales guatemaltecos.
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_879591838
    Series Statement: CEPAL Review CEPAL Review
    Note: Includes bibliography
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_879727659
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: Spanish
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 10
    UID:
    gbv_879729244
    Content: Climate change poses a serious threat to Central American societies due to its foreseeable and multiple impacts on the population and productive sectors. In fiscal terms it constitutes a contingent public liability that will affect the public finance of governments for generations to come. It is estimated that by 2030, Central America will still produce less than 0.5% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on the planet, yet it is already one of the regions most vulnerable to the battering of climate change. The increase in atmospheric and sea temperatures, the reduction and instability of rain patterns and the rise in sea levels, together with the intensification of extreme meteorological events —such as droughts and hurricanes— will impact the production, infrastructure, ways of life, health and safety of the population, and will also weaken the environment's capacity to provide vital resources and services. In response to the mandate that emerged from the May 2008 Central American Presidential Summit on Climate Change, the ECLAC Subregional Headquarters in Mexico is implementing the project The Economics of Climate Change in Central America" with the region's Authorities of Environment, Ministries of Finance/Treasury, the Central American Secretariat for Economic Integration (SIECA) and the Central American Commission for Environment and Development (CCAD). The project was approved by environmental authorities beginning in January 2009 with funding from the British government's Department for International Development (DFID). Its goal is to alert decision makers and key players in Central America, particularly those from the social and economic fields, to the urgency of confronting the challenge of climate change and promoting a dialogue of policy options as well as national and regional actions. The specific objective is to conduct an economic evaluation of the impact of climate change in Central America with different development scenarios and emissions trajectories, while considering the costs and benefits of potential "business as usual" responses, and of options for vulnerability reduction and adaptation, as well as the transition toward an economy that is both sustainable and low in carbon. The Project Steering Committee is comprised of the Ministers of Environment and Treasury/Finance of the seven countries of Central America. It has a Regional Technical Committee with delegates from those Ministries, CCAD/SICA and SIECA. The ECLAC Subregional Headquarters in Mexico acts as Project Coordinating Unit. The initiative works in coordination with other projects in Latin America, with the global network of projects on the economics of climate change and the British government's Stern team. Throughout 2009, the project implemented the following components: Climate Scenarios, Macroeconomic and Demographic Scenarios, Land Use Change, Water Resources, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Energy, Economic Valuation of Impacts (initial stage), Poverty and Adaptation (initial stage), Mitigation, Policy Options in Adaptation and Mitigation (initial stage). The disasters component is being executed by ECLAC's Disaster Unit with financing from the Kingdom of Denmark. The pending components to be started in the coming months are Health, Ecosystems and Forest/Land Use Change. The Poverty, Economic Valuation of Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation Options components and their costs will continue. Additionally, the project (continua)
    Note: Incluye Bibliografía
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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