UID:
almahu_9949697339902882
Format:
1 online resource (369 pages)
ISBN:
0-12-812324-9
,
0-12-812150-5
Content:
Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability reviews the current state-of-the-art on the topic. In the introduction, the editors review the fundamental concepts of nature elements in the built environment, along with the strategies that are necessary for their inclusion in buildings and cities. Part One describes strategies for the urban environment, discussing urban ecosystems and ecosystem services, while Part Two covers strategies and technologies, including vertical greening systems, green roofs and green streets. Part Three covers the quantitative benefits, results, and issues and challenges, including energy performances and outdoor comfort, air quality improvement, acoustic performance, water management and biodiversity.
Note:
Front Cover -- Nature Based Strategies for Urban and Building Sustainability -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- References -- I. Nature Based Strategies for Urban Environment -- 1.1 Introduction to Urban Sustainability Issues: Urban Ecosystem -- Introduction: The Urban Ecosystem -- Mental Health and Stress -- Climate Change -- Urban/City Climate -- Water Management -- Energy Management -- Air Pollution -- Conclusion -- References -- 1.2 Ecosystem Services in Urban Environments -- Introduction -- Provisioning Services -- Regulating Services -- Cultural Services -- Supporting Services -- The Value of Ecosystem Services -- Conclusion -- References -- 1.3 Incentives for Nature-Based Strategies -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Incentives -- Incentive Zoning -- Incentive Schemes by Category -- Tree Planting -- Surface Water Management -- Introduction -- Germany -- United States -- United Kingdom -- Green Roofs -- Netherlands -- Germany -- France -- United States -- Canada -- Singapore -- Japan -- Planting for Pollution Abatement -- Preferential Home Loans -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- II. Nature Based Strategies and Technologies -- 2.1 Vertical Greening Systems: Classifications, Plant Species, Substrates -- Introduction -- Extensive Systems-Green Facades -- Intensive Systems-Living Wall Systems -- Plant Species -- Conclusion -- References -- 2.2 Vertical Greening Systems: Irrigation and Maintenance -- Introduction -- Irrigation Systems -- Drainage and Water Recirculation Systems -- Efficient Water Management -- Maintenance Operations -- Fertilization -- Living Wall Pruning -- Pest and Disease Management -- Weed Control -- Conclusion -- References -- 2.3 Green Roofs Classifications, Plant Species, Substrates -- Introduction -- Classification -- Vegetation Layer -- Substrate Layer -- Filter Layer.
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Drainage Layer -- Bottom Layers -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2.4 Green Roofs: Irrigation and Maintenance -- Introduction -- Irrigation Equipment -- Safety and Alarm Systems in Green Roof Irrigation Installations -- Surface Irrigation Systems -- Sprinkler Irrigation -- Drip Irrigation -- Subsurface Irrigation Systems -- Subsurface Drip Irrigation -- Subirrigation From Drainage Troughs -- Irrigation Using a Perched Water Table -- Wicking Ropes and Mats -- Irrigation of Pitched Green Roofs -- Irrigation of Reinforced Pitched Green Roofs -- Irrigation of Modular Green Roof Systems -- Plant Water Demands -- Irrigation Quantity -- Irrigation Frequency -- Green Roof Irrigation Automations -- Green Roof Irrigation Maintenance -- Green Roof Maintenance -- Conclusion -- References -- 2.5 Green Streets: Classifications, Plant Species, Substrates, Irrigation, and Maintenance -- Introduction -- Street Trees -- Domestic Gardens -- Rain Gardens and Bioswales -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- III. Nature Based Strategies: Benefits and Challenges -- 3.1 Vertical Greening Systems to Enhance the Thermal Performance of Buildings and Outdoor Comfort -- Introduction -- Main Influencing Aspects -- Differences Between Construction Systems -- The Climate Influence -- Plant Species Influence -- Operating Methods -- Main Research Findings -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3.2 Green Roofs to Enhance the Thermal Performance of Buildings and Outdoor Comfort -- Introduction -- Main Influencing Aspects -- Differences Between Construction Systems -- Climatic Conditions and Plant Species -- Growing Media -- Drainage Layer -- Operating Methods -- Main Research Findings -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 3.3 Green Streets to Enhance Outdoor Comfort -- Introduction -- Outdoor Comfort and Vegetation.
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Effects of Greenery on Microclimate -- Air Temperature and Humidity -- Air Movement -- Mean Radiant Temperature -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3.4 Vertical Greening Systems for Pollutants Reduction -- Introduction -- Main Influencing Parameters -- Vertical Greening Systems and Particulate Matter -- Vertical Greening Systems and Gaseous Pollutants -- Indirect Effects -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.5 Green Roofs for Pollutants' Reduction -- Introduction -- Air Pollutants and Particulate Matter -- Carbon Sequestration and Storage -- Improving Carbon Sequestration Potential -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.6 Green Streets for Pollutants Reduction -- Introduction -- Effects of Greening Solutions and Main Influencing Factors -- Approaching the Numerical Modeling of Greenery Performance in Urban Streets -- Modeling the Performances of Green Streets for Air Quality Improvement -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 3.7 Vertical Greening Systems for Acoustic Insulation and Noise Reduction -- Introduction -- Differences Between Construction Systems -- Influence of Plant Species -- Operating Methods -- Main Research Findings -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.8 Green Roofs for Acoustic Insulation and Noise Reduction -- Introduction -- Green Roof Absorption Characteristics -- Sound Diffraction Over Green Roof -- Building Geometries of Interest -- Diffraction Over Absorbing Surfaces -- Numerical Analysis and Parameter Study -- Double Diffraction Cases -- Effect of Sound Frequency -- Effect of Roof Cover Fraction -- Effect of Substrate Layer Thickness -- Road Traffic Noise Reduction of Flat Green Roofs -- Effect of Roof Shape -- Single Diffraction Case -- Case Studies -- Case Studies: Dry Substrates -- Case Studies: Wet Substrates -- Large Scale Effects of Green Roofs -- Sound Transmission Reduction (Roof Insulation) -- Conclusion.
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References -- 3.9 Green Streets for Noise Reduction -- Introduction -- Noise Shielding by Hedges and Greenery Barriers -- Sound Absorption by Vegetation -- Improvement of Urban Soundscape Perception by Vegetation -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.10 Vertical Greening Systems to Improve Water Management -- Introduction -- Water Use Efficiency -- Rain and Gray Water Reuse -- Cooling Effect -- Evapotranspiration -- Wastewater Treatment -- Biofilters -- Aquaponics -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 3.11 Green Roofs to Improve Water Management -- Introduction -- Hydrologic Performance -- The Impact on Water quality -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 3.12 Green Streets to Improve Water Management -- Introduction -- Benefits of Streets Planting on Stormwater Management -- Control and Treatment Components Featured Into Green Streets -- Green Streets and Stormwater Management in Cities -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.13 Vertical Greening Systems as Habitat for Biodiversity -- Introduction -- Flora -- Fauna -- Local Drivers -- The Landscape Configuration -- Perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- 3.14 Green Roofs as Habitats for Biodiversity -- Introduction -- Species Diversity Case Studies -- Species Richness Results From Selected Case Studies -- Connections Between Plant Species Richness and Faunal Benefits -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 3.15 Green Streets as Habitat for Biodiversity -- Introduction -- Green Roofs & Green Walls -- Rain Gardens -- Street Trees/The Urban Forest -- Hedges -- Permeable Pavements -- Swales or Seasonally Wet Ditches -- Ponds -- Verges & Grassland/Vegetated Areas -- Benefits of Interconnected Greenery to Wildlife -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- IV. Nature Based Strategies: Social, Economic and Environmental Sustainability.
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4.1 Vertical Greening Systems: Social and Aesthetic Aspects -- Introduction -- Innovative Green -- Vertical Green Perception in Singapore -- A Case of Green Facade Perception Monitoring in Genoa, Italy -- A Sustainable Metropolis -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 4.2 Green Roofs Social and Aesthetic Aspects -- Introduction -- Concise History of the Social and Aesthetic Aspects of Green Roofs -- The Social and Aesthetic Benefits of Green Roofs -- The MOER (Multiobjective Environmental Roof) -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 4.3 Green Streets Social and Aesthetic Aspects -- Introduction -- Impacts of Cities Green Streets on Human Health -- Benefits of Vegetation and Natural Environments on Psychological Health -- Importance of Everyday Perceived Living Landscape -- Environmental Justice and Green Streets -- Green Streets' Recreational Value in Spatial Planning -- Conclusion -- References -- 4.4 Economic Benefits and Costs of Vertical Greening Systems -- Introduction -- Private Costs of Vertical Greening Systems -- Installation Costs -- Maintenance Costs -- Social Costs of a Vertical Greening System -- Private Benefits of a Vertical Greening System -- Building Insulation -- Plaster Renovation -- Real Estate Value -- Noise Isolation -- Social Benefits of Vertical Greening Systems -- Air Quality Improvement -- Carbon Reduction -- Urban Hydrology -- Habitat Creation -- Urban Heat Island -- The Use of Sensitivity Analysis for VGS Economic Assessment -- Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 4.5 Economic Benefits and Costs of Green Roofs -- Introduction -- Individual Benefits of Green Roofs -- Energy Reduction in Heating and Cooling -- Membrane Longevity -- Acoustic Insulation -- Aesthetic Benefits -- LEED Certification Bonus -- Public Benefits of Green Roofs -- Reduction of Stormwater Runoff.
,
Improvement of Air Quality.
Language:
English
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