Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xx, 415 pages) : , illustrations.

ISBN: 3-030-64619-X

Series Statement: Studies in computational intelligence ; Volume 941

Additional Edition: ISBN 3-030-64618-1

Language: English

Subjects: Computer Science

Keywords: Llibres electrònics

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (288 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-443-19416-5

Note: Front Cover -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAS -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYASVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF BIODIVERSITY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMSEDITED BYAMIT KUMARSCHOOL ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- 1 - An overview of the Himalaya forests and their drivers of change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mountain forests -- 3. Forests of the Himalaya -- 4. Drivers of change of the Himalaya forests -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 2 - Assessment and management of small Farmer's climate risks in the hills and plains of Nepal -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical framework -- 1.2 Profile of study area -- 2. Methods -- 2.1 Data collection -- 2.2 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3. Results and discussions -- 3.1 Demographic and socioeconomic profile -- 3.2 Climate hazard and exposure assessment -- 3.3 Sensitivity assessment -- 3.4 Adaptive capacity assessment -- 3.5 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3.6 Risk management -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Comparing and contrasting characterstics of coping and adpatation response -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Conceptual understanding of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.1 The difference in characteristics of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.2 Consensus between coping and adaptation is outlined -- 3.1.3 How is there a conflation of response between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2 How does the progression of response frame a link between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2.1 Coping for survival -- 3.2.2 Camouflage adaptation -- 3.2.3 Discrete adaptation -- 3.2.4 Incremental and transformational adaptation -- 3.2.5 An amalgamation of coping and adaptation -- 3.3 How the link between short-term action and long-term response is drawn? -- 3.3.1 Way forward: linking short-term action to long-term response. , 3.3.1.1 Positive outcome -- 3.3.1.2 Negative outcome -- 4. Future directions -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Forest transition and ecosystem services in Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forest transition and its relevance for the Himalaya -- 2.1 Ecosystem services under forest transition -- 3. Materials and methods -- 4. Forest transition and ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 4.1 Forest transition in the Himalaya -- 4.2 Ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 5 - Viable land use options to achieve multiple ecosystem services in the Eastern Himalayas of India -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area and land uses -- 2.2 Soil sampling and analysis -- 2.3 Data analysis -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 6 - Species and crown density-specific variability in biomass carbon across Sindh forest landscape in the Western H ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Forest biomass and carbon -- 3.2 Average biomass carbon and tree density ranges under different forest density classes -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Forest biomass and carbon stocks -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Climate-resilient pathways and nature-based solutions to reduce vulnerabilities to climate change in the Indian ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contributions to resilience pathways through responses to climate change -- 2.1 Climate change mitigation -- 2.2 Climate change adaptation -- 3. Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction -- 4. Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation -- 4.1 Ecosystem-based adaptation -- 4.2 Ecosystem-based mitigation -- 5. Conclusion -- References. , 8 - REDD+ and its implementation in the Himalayan region: policy issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of REDD+, up to Paris Agreement (PA) and beyond -- 2.1 India's contribution in making REDD as REDD+ -- 2.2 REDD+ in Articles 5 and 6.2 of Paris Agreement (PA)-requirements for results-based payments (RBPs), elements of "authorizat ... -- 2.3 Journey of Article 6 rulebook up to glasgow -- 2.4 Glasgow Climate Pact, rulebook on Art 6.2 ITMOs, authorization, adjustment (2/CMA.3) -- 3. Issues with REDD+ -- 3.1 UNFCCC REDD+ and VM projects -- 3.2 Jurisdictional or subnational approach of REDD+projects -- 4. Future of VM in REDD+ -- 5. Implementation of REDD+ in India -- 5.1 Exclusion of tree cover in FRL -- 5.2 National forest reference level of India -- 6. Option for the Himalayan States to implement REDD+ -- 7. Potential for contribution by Himalayan States -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 9 - Land degradation evaluation based on SDG indicators in the eastern Himalayan region: A case study from Nagaland ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study site -- 3. Materials and methods -- 3.1 Data source and tools -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Change in land cover indicator -- 3.2.2 Land productivity indicator -- 3.2.3 Change in soil organic carbon indicator -- 3.2.4 Land degradation neutrality status -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Land cover change in the state -- 4.2 Land productivity changes in the state -- 4.3 SOC change in the state -- 4.4 Land degradation status of Nagaland -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 10 - Leveraging on technology-driven information systems for conservation through informed decisions in the Hindu K ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Role of information systems -- 3. Ecological niche studies -- 3.1 Advancement in modeling algorithms -- 3.2 Advancement in data collection -- 4. Monitoring and information dissemination platforms. , 4.1 Geospatial analysis using google earth engine -- 4.2 Basic of google earth engine application development -- 5. Bioinformatics approaches -- 5.1 Identification of genes conferring disease resistance -- 5.2 Conservation strategy in the genomic era -- 5.3 Association mapping and adaptation -- 6. Opportunities for research and improvements -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 11 - Ecosystem services of the Indian Himalayan Region in a changing environment: an overview -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present and future impacts of climate change on ecosystem services -- 2.1 Impacts on temperature regulation -- 2.2 Impacts on biodiversity services -- 2.3 Impacts on watershed services -- 2.4 Impacts on cultural services -- 3. How the valuation of ecosystem services be helpful for IHR conservation? -- 4. Policies promoting and sustaining ecosystem services in IHR -- 4.1 Policies instruments of the forest, wildlife, and environment sectors for ecosystem services management in IHR -- 4.2 Environmental performance index -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Changing climatic scenarios: impacts, vulnerabilities, and perception with special reference to the Indian Him ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study area -- 3. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity -- 4. Impact of climate change on glaciers/water bodies -- 5. Impact of climate change on agriculture -- 6. Impact of climate change on livelihood -- 7. Vulnerabilities and adaptations to climate change -- 8. Local perception to changing climatic scenarios -- 9. Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Further reading -- 13 - Carbon stock inventory and biomass production in different land use systems of Northwestern Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass and carbon pools -- 3. Agroforestry systems -- 4. Forest ecosystem -- 5. Variation in land use systems -- 6. Future prospects. , 7. Conclusion -- References -- 14 - Vulnerability assessment of forest ecosystems: Climate change perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining vulnerability, resilience, and other linked terminology with reference to climate change -- 2.1 Types of vulnerability -- 2.2 Expressing vulnerability -- 2.3 Resilience of forest ecosystems -- 3. Vulnerability assessment linked to climate change -- 3.1 Conceptual frameworks adopted for the climate change vulnerability assessment -- 3.1.1 Double structure of vulnerability -- 3.1.2 Risk hazard and pressure and release model -- 3.1.3 Turner's framework: coupled social and ecological systems -- 3.1.4 IPCC guidelines of vulnerability -- 3.1.5 Yokohama strategy -- 3.1.6 Hyogo framework -- 3.1.7 Sendai framework -- 4. Various methodologies adopted for assessing climate change vulnerability -- 4.1 The top-down or quantitative approach -- 4.2 Qualitative bottom-up local-scenario approach -- 4.3 Resilience-driven approach -- 5. Methodological advancements in assessing climate change vulnerability -- 6. Way forward -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 15 - Synthesis and conclusions -- 1. Summary and synthesis -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-19415-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (478 pages)

ISBN: 0-323-96147-9

Content: Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications provides researchers, computer scientists, and data scientists with a comprehensive and applied reference covering the evolution of distributed systems computing into blockchain and associated systems. Divided into three major sections, the book explores the basic topics in the blockchain space extending from distributed systems architecture, distributed ledger, decentralized web to introductory aspects of cryptoeconomics (cryptography and economics) of decentralized applications. The book further explores advanced concepts such as smart contracts; distributed token mining, initial coin offerings; proof of work; public, private, and other blockchains; cryptography; security; and blockchains. The book goes on to review byzantine fault tolerance, distributed ledgers versus blockchains, and blockchain protocols. The final section covers multiple use cases and applications of distributed computing and the future directions for blockchains. Presented as a focused reference handbook describing the evolution of distributed systems, blockchain, and consensus algorithms emphasizing the architectural and functional aspects Integrates the various concepts of cryptography in blockchain and further extends to blockchain forensics Provides insight and detailed Interpretation of algorithms for consensus in blockchains.

Note: Intro -- Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section A: Evolution of Distributed Systems -- Section B: Blockchain Architecture and Security -- Section C: Distributed Computing -- Acknowledgments -- Section A: Evolution of distributed systems -- Chapter 1: Decentralized web, distributed ledgers, and build-up to blockchain -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The journey so far Web 1.0 - Web 2.0 - Web 3.0 -- 2. Distributed ledgers (DLTs) -- 2.1. All distributed ledgers are not blockchain -- 2.2. Tangle -- 2.3. Hashgraphs -- 3. Blockchains -- 3.1. Blockchain: Historical background -- 3.2. What is a blockchain? -- 3.3. Blockchain structure -- 3.4. Blockchain transactions -- 3.5. Proof of work: Consensus -- 4. Types of blockchains -- 4.1. Permissionless blockchains -- 4.2. Permissioned blockchains -- 4.3. Consortium blockchains -- 4.4. Hybrid blockchains -- 5. Blockchain use cases -- 5.1. Blockchain 1.0 -- 5.2. Blockchain 2.0 -- 5.3. Blockchain 3.0 -- 6. Limitations and challenges -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Decentralized everything: Practical use of blockchain technology in future applications -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Blockchain technology -- 1.2. Blockchain vs distributed ledger technology -- 1.3. Evolution of blockchain technology -- Phase-I: Transactions (Blockchain 1.0) -- Phase-II: Contracts (Blockchain 2.0) -- Phase-III: Applications (Blockchain 3.0) -- Phase-IV: Blockchain for Industry 4.0 applications (Blockchain 4.0) -- 2. Related work -- 2.1. History of Blockchain technology -- 3. Motivation -- 4. Connecting the world together -- 5. Services provided to end users-Application wise -- 6. Blockchain technology use cases and a way forward -- 7. Challenges in Blockchain technology -- 7.1. Storage capacity and scalability. , 7.2. Security: Weaknesses and threats -- 7.3. Anonymity and data privacy -- 7.4. Smart contracts -- 7.5. Legal issues -- 7.6. Consensus -- 8. Future applications with Blockchain technology -- 9. Problems faced in (by) decentralizing applications -- 10. Future research directions/a way forward towards decentralized applications -- 11. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 3: Distributed computing to blockchain: Architecture, technology, and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent related works -- 2.1. Analysis of the application status of blockchain -- 2.2. Application and development trend of distributed computing in blockchain -- 3. Security of the distributed network model based on blockchain -- 3.1. Demand analysis of blockchain technology applied to distributed system -- 3.2. Analysis of the task allocation of blockchain technology -- 3.3. Privacy security analysis of blockchain-based distributed computing network model -- 3.4. Simulation evaluation -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1. Comparative analysis of system performance of models -- 4.2. Analysis of security performance of data transmission of each model -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Types of blockchain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Literature review -- 3. Background study -- 3.1. Blockchain technology -- 3.2. Blockchain features -- 3.3. Challenges of blockchain -- 4. Blockchain technology and its history -- 5. Differentiating blockchain on network and operational parameters -- 5.1. Types of blockchain dependent on network access -- Public blockchain -- Benefits of public blockchain -- Private blockchain -- Disadvantages of a private blockchain -- Consortium/federated blockchain -- Benefits of consortium blockchain -- Disadvantages of blockchain consortium -- Use cases of consortium blockchain -- Hybrid blockchain -- Advantages of hybrid blockchain. , Challenges of hybrid blockchain -- Use cases of hybrid blockchain -- 5.2. Types of blockchain dependent on members -- Permissionless blockchains -- Attributes of permissionless blockchains -- Benefits of permissionless blockchains -- Disadvantages of permissionless blockchains -- Use cases of permissionless blockchain -- Permissioned blockchains -- Attributes of permissioned blockchains -- Benefits of permissioned blockchain -- Disadvantages of permissioned blockchain -- Use instances of permissioned blockchain -- 6. Comparison of various blockchain types -- 7. Future work -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Blockchain types: A characteristic view -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Blockchain -- 2.1. Blockchain technology: A peer-to-peer network of nodes -- 2.2. Blockchain technology: Asymmetric key cryptography and hashing -- 2.3. Characteristics of blockchain -- 2.4. Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain -- 3. General classification of blockchain -- 3.1. Public blockchain -- Advantages -- 3.2. Private blockchain -- Advantages and disadvantages of private blockchain -- 3.3. Consortium blockchain -- Advantages of consortium blockchain -- Consortium blockchain technology versus private blockchain technology: The comparison -- 3.4. Hybrid blockchain -- Advantages of hybrid blockchain -- Consortium blockchain technology versus hybrid blockchain technology: The comparison -- Diverse use cases for hybrid blockchain -- 3.5. Public blockchain versus private blockchain versus consortium blockchain: The comparison -- 3.6. Applications -- 4. Other classification of blockchain -- 4.1. Public permissionless blockchain network -- 4.2. Public permissioned blockchain network -- 4.3. Private permissionless blockchain network -- Holochain -- 4.4. Private permissioned blockchain network -- 5. Consensus mechanisms -- 5.1. Proof of work -- 5.2. Proof of stake. , 5.3. Proof of capacity -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: DApps: Decentralized applications for blockchains -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Distributed versus decentralized systems -- 2. Decentralized applications (DApps) -- 2.1. Centralized apps versus decentralized apps: Design paradigm -- 2.2. Ethereum -- 2.3. Ethereum building blocks -- Smart contracts -- Solidity for Ethereum smart contracts -- 3. Building DApps -- 3.1. DApps: A functional flow -- 3.2. Increasing read efficiency for DApps: The graph -- 3.3. Scalability of DApps: Driving throughput of transactions per second -- 3.4. DApps: Development frameworks -- Truffle: Beginners DApp framework -- Hardhat DApp framework: An overview -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Analyzing information flow in solidity smart contracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Related work -- 3. Background -- 3.1. Blockchain technology [1] -- 3.2. Solidity smart contracts [4, 5] -- 3.3. Language-based information flow security [10, 11] -- 3.4. Data-flow analysis [43] -- 4. Solidity language: Syntax and semantics -- 4.1. Solidity syntax -- 4.2. Concrete semantics -- Semantic domains -- Environments and states -- Semantics -- (1) Expressions -- (2) Local variable declaration -- (3) Assignment statement -- (4) Sequence -- (5) Conditional -- (6) Iteration -- (7) State variable declaration -- (8) Constructor -- (9) Function -- (10) Smart contract -- 5. Formal dependency analysis of solidity smart contracts -- 5.1. Abstract domain: Pos [45-47] -- 5.2. Abstract semantics -- (1) Assignment statement -- (2) Sequence -- (3) Conditional -- (4) Iteration -- (5) Constructor -- (6) Function -- (7) Smart contract -- 6. Confidentiality and integrity properties verification -- 7. Refining analysis by combining numerical abstract domains -- 7.1. Relational and nonrelational abstract domains -- Intervals [50, 52]. , Octagons [55] -- Polyhedra [53, 56] -- 7.2. The reduced product -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Formal verification and code generation for solidity smart contracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Related work -- 3. Background -- 3.1. Event-B modeling framework -- Modeling actions over states -- Refinement -- Rodin -- Applications -- 3.2. Solidity -- Solidity types, special functions, and variables -- Function modifiers -- 4. Formal framework for Solidity smart contracts -- 5. EB2Sol: Event-B to Solidity -- 5.1. Preprocessing and generated POs -- 5.2. Translation of Event-B to Solidity -- Context models -- Machine models -- 6. Case study -- 6.1. Informal description of smart purchase -- 6.2. Formal development -- Context model -- Machine model -- Model validation and analysis -- 6.3. Code generation in Solidity -- 7. Discussion -- 7.1. Benefits -- Progressive development of smart contracts -- Improving smart contract error detection -- Minimizing smart contract development cost -- 7.2. Limitations -- Need careful analysis in modeling and implementation -- Need powerful theorem provers for smart contracts -- No standard in the generated smart contracts -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Blockchain consensus algorithms: Past, present, and future trends -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Proof-based consensus algorithms -- 2.1. Proof of work (PoW) -- 2.2. Proof of stake (PoS) -- 2.3. Proof of elapsed time (PoET) -- 2.4. Proof of weight (PoWeight) -- 2.5. Proof of burn (PoB) -- 2.6. Proof of capacity (PoC) -- 2.7. Proof of importance (PoI) -- 2.8. Proof of activity (PoA) -- 3. Voting-based consensus algorithms -- 3.1. Delegated proof of stake -- 3.2. Paxos -- 3.3. Practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) -- 3.4. Delegated byzantine fault tolerance (DBFT) -- 3.5. Istanbul byzantine fault tolerance (IBFT) -- 3.6. BFT-SMaRT protocol. , 3.7. Verifiable byzantine fault tolerance (VBFT).

Additional Edition: Print version: Pandey, Rajiv Distributed Computing to Blockchain San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2023 ISBN 0323961460

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780323961462

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (516 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-824055-5

Content: "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Predictive and Analytical Rendering in Edge Computing focuses on the role of AI and machine learning as it impacts and works alongside Edge Computing. Sections cover the growing number of devices and applications in diversified domains of industry, including gaming, speech recognition, medical diagnostics, robotics and computer vision and how they are being driven by Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and distributed computing, may it be Cloud Computing or the evolving Fog and Edge Computing paradigms. Challenges covered include remote storage and computing, bandwidth overload due to transportation of data from End nodes to Cloud leading in latency issues, security issues in transporting sensitive medical and financial information across larger gaps in points of data generation and computing, as well as design features of Edge nodes to store and run AI/ML algorithms for effective rendering."--

Note: Includes index. , Part I. AI and machine learning. 1. Supervised learning -- 2. Supervised learning : from theory to applications -- 3. Unsupervised learning -- 4. Regression analysis -- 5. The integrity of machine learning algorithms against software defect prediction -- 6. Learning in sequential decision-making under uncertainty -- 7. Geospatial crime analysis and forecasting with machine learning techniques -- 8. Trust discovery and information retrieval using artificial intelligence tools from multiple conflicting sources of web cloud computing and e-commerce users -- 9. Reliable diabetes mellitus forecasting using artificial neural network multilayer perceptron -- 10. A study of deep learning approach for the classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) brain signals -- 11. Integrating AI in e-procurement of hospitality industry in the UAE -- 12. Application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in blockchain technology. -- Part II. Data science and predictive analysis. 13. Implementing convolutional neural network model for prediction in medical imaging -- 14. Fuzzy-machine learning models for the prediction of fire outbreaks : a comparative analysis -- 15. Vehicle telematics : an Internet of Things and Big Data approach -- 16. Evaluate learner level assessment in intelligent e-learning systems using probabilistic network model -- 17. Ensemble method for multiclassification of COVID-19 virus using spatial and frequency domain features over X-ray images -- 18. Chronological text similarity with pretrained embedding and edit distance -- 19. Neural hybrid recommendation based on GMF and hybrid MLP -- 20. A real-time performance monitoring model for processing of IoT and big data using machine learning -- 21. COVID-19 prediction from chest X-ray images using deep convolutional neural network -- 22. Hybrid deep learning neuro-fuzzy networks for industrial parameters estimation -- 23. An intelligent framework to assess core competency using the level prediction model (LPM). -- Part III. Edge computing. 24. Edge computing : a soul to Internet of things (IoT) data -- 25. 5G : the next-generation technology for edge communication -- 26. Challenges and opportunities in edge computing architecture using machine learning approaches -- 27. State of the art for edge security in software-defined networks -- 28. Moving to the cloud, fog, and edge computing paradigms : convergences and future research direction -- 29. A comparative study on IoT-aided smart grids using blockchain platform -- 30. AI cardiologist at the edge : a use case of a dew computing heart monitoring solution.

Additional Edition: Print version: Pandey, Rajiv Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for EDGE Computing San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2022 ISBN 9780128240540

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 479 p. 256 illus., 193 illus. in color)

Edition: 1st ed. 2023

ISBN: 9789811995309

Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1085

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1995-29-3

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1995-31-6

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-1995-32-3

Language: English

Subjects: Computer Science

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9530-9

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 490 Seiten)

Edition: 1. Auflage

ISBN: 9780128240557

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-12-824054-0

Language: English

Keywords: Maschinelles Lernen ; Künstliche Intelligenz

DOI: 10.1016/C2020-0-01569-0

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (xx, 415 pages) : , illustrations.

ISBN: 3-030-64619-X

Series Statement: Studies in computational intelligence ; Volume 941

Additional Edition: ISBN 3-030-64618-1

Language: English

Keywords: Llibres electrònics

UID:

Format: xxi, 479 Seiten : , Illustrationen (teilweise farbig).

ISBN: 978-981-19-9529-3

Series Statement: Studies in computational intelligence Volume 1085

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-981-19-9530-9

Language: English

Subjects: Computer Science

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (288 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-443-19416-5

Note: Front Cover -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAS -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYASVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF BIODIVERSITY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMSEDITED BYAMIT KUMARSCHOOL ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- 1 - An overview of the Himalaya forests and their drivers of change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mountain forests -- 3. Forests of the Himalaya -- 4. Drivers of change of the Himalaya forests -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 2 - Assessment and management of small Farmer's climate risks in the hills and plains of Nepal -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical framework -- 1.2 Profile of study area -- 2. Methods -- 2.1 Data collection -- 2.2 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3. Results and discussions -- 3.1 Demographic and socioeconomic profile -- 3.2 Climate hazard and exposure assessment -- 3.3 Sensitivity assessment -- 3.4 Adaptive capacity assessment -- 3.5 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3.6 Risk management -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Comparing and contrasting characterstics of coping and adpatation response -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Conceptual understanding of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.1 The difference in characteristics of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.2 Consensus between coping and adaptation is outlined -- 3.1.3 How is there a conflation of response between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2 How does the progression of response frame a link between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2.1 Coping for survival -- 3.2.2 Camouflage adaptation -- 3.2.3 Discrete adaptation -- 3.2.4 Incremental and transformational adaptation -- 3.2.5 An amalgamation of coping and adaptation -- 3.3 How the link between short-term action and long-term response is drawn? -- 3.3.1 Way forward: linking short-term action to long-term response. , 3.3.1.1 Positive outcome -- 3.3.1.2 Negative outcome -- 4. Future directions -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Forest transition and ecosystem services in Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forest transition and its relevance for the Himalaya -- 2.1 Ecosystem services under forest transition -- 3. Materials and methods -- 4. Forest transition and ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 4.1 Forest transition in the Himalaya -- 4.2 Ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 5 - Viable land use options to achieve multiple ecosystem services in the Eastern Himalayas of India -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area and land uses -- 2.2 Soil sampling and analysis -- 2.3 Data analysis -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 6 - Species and crown density-specific variability in biomass carbon across Sindh forest landscape in the Western H ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Forest biomass and carbon -- 3.2 Average biomass carbon and tree density ranges under different forest density classes -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Forest biomass and carbon stocks -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Climate-resilient pathways and nature-based solutions to reduce vulnerabilities to climate change in the Indian ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contributions to resilience pathways through responses to climate change -- 2.1 Climate change mitigation -- 2.2 Climate change adaptation -- 3. Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction -- 4. Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation -- 4.1 Ecosystem-based adaptation -- 4.2 Ecosystem-based mitigation -- 5. Conclusion -- References. , 8 - REDD+ and its implementation in the Himalayan region: policy issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of REDD+, up to Paris Agreement (PA) and beyond -- 2.1 India's contribution in making REDD as REDD+ -- 2.2 REDD+ in Articles 5 and 6.2 of Paris Agreement (PA)-requirements for results-based payments (RBPs), elements of "authorizat ... -- 2.3 Journey of Article 6 rulebook up to glasgow -- 2.4 Glasgow Climate Pact, rulebook on Art 6.2 ITMOs, authorization, adjustment (2/CMA.3) -- 3. Issues with REDD+ -- 3.1 UNFCCC REDD+ and VM projects -- 3.2 Jurisdictional or subnational approach of REDD+projects -- 4. Future of VM in REDD+ -- 5. Implementation of REDD+ in India -- 5.1 Exclusion of tree cover in FRL -- 5.2 National forest reference level of India -- 6. Option for the Himalayan States to implement REDD+ -- 7. Potential for contribution by Himalayan States -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 9 - Land degradation evaluation based on SDG indicators in the eastern Himalayan region: A case study from Nagaland ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study site -- 3. Materials and methods -- 3.1 Data source and tools -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Change in land cover indicator -- 3.2.2 Land productivity indicator -- 3.2.3 Change in soil organic carbon indicator -- 3.2.4 Land degradation neutrality status -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Land cover change in the state -- 4.2 Land productivity changes in the state -- 4.3 SOC change in the state -- 4.4 Land degradation status of Nagaland -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 10 - Leveraging on technology-driven information systems for conservation through informed decisions in the Hindu K ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Role of information systems -- 3. Ecological niche studies -- 3.1 Advancement in modeling algorithms -- 3.2 Advancement in data collection -- 4. Monitoring and information dissemination platforms. , 4.1 Geospatial analysis using google earth engine -- 4.2 Basic of google earth engine application development -- 5. Bioinformatics approaches -- 5.1 Identification of genes conferring disease resistance -- 5.2 Conservation strategy in the genomic era -- 5.3 Association mapping and adaptation -- 6. Opportunities for research and improvements -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 11 - Ecosystem services of the Indian Himalayan Region in a changing environment: an overview -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present and future impacts of climate change on ecosystem services -- 2.1 Impacts on temperature regulation -- 2.2 Impacts on biodiversity services -- 2.3 Impacts on watershed services -- 2.4 Impacts on cultural services -- 3. How the valuation of ecosystem services be helpful for IHR conservation? -- 4. Policies promoting and sustaining ecosystem services in IHR -- 4.1 Policies instruments of the forest, wildlife, and environment sectors for ecosystem services management in IHR -- 4.2 Environmental performance index -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Changing climatic scenarios: impacts, vulnerabilities, and perception with special reference to the Indian Him ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study area -- 3. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity -- 4. Impact of climate change on glaciers/water bodies -- 5. Impact of climate change on agriculture -- 6. Impact of climate change on livelihood -- 7. Vulnerabilities and adaptations to climate change -- 8. Local perception to changing climatic scenarios -- 9. Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Further reading -- 13 - Carbon stock inventory and biomass production in different land use systems of Northwestern Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass and carbon pools -- 3. Agroforestry systems -- 4. Forest ecosystem -- 5. Variation in land use systems -- 6. Future prospects. , 7. Conclusion -- References -- 14 - Vulnerability assessment of forest ecosystems: Climate change perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining vulnerability, resilience, and other linked terminology with reference to climate change -- 2.1 Types of vulnerability -- 2.2 Expressing vulnerability -- 2.3 Resilience of forest ecosystems -- 3. Vulnerability assessment linked to climate change -- 3.1 Conceptual frameworks adopted for the climate change vulnerability assessment -- 3.1.1 Double structure of vulnerability -- 3.1.2 Risk hazard and pressure and release model -- 3.1.3 Turner's framework: coupled social and ecological systems -- 3.1.4 IPCC guidelines of vulnerability -- 3.1.5 Yokohama strategy -- 3.1.6 Hyogo framework -- 3.1.7 Sendai framework -- 4. Various methodologies adopted for assessing climate change vulnerability -- 4.1 The top-down or quantitative approach -- 4.2 Qualitative bottom-up local-scenario approach -- 4.3 Resilience-driven approach -- 5. Methodological advancements in assessing climate change vulnerability -- 6. Way forward -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 15 - Synthesis and conclusions -- 1. Summary and synthesis -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-19415-7

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (288 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-443-19416-5

Note: Front Cover -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAS -- CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYASVULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF BIODIVERSITY AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMSEDITED BYAMIT KUMARSCHOOL ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- 1 - An overview of the Himalaya forests and their drivers of change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mountain forests -- 3. Forests of the Himalaya -- 4. Drivers of change of the Himalaya forests -- 5. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 2 - Assessment and management of small Farmer's climate risks in the hills and plains of Nepal -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical framework -- 1.2 Profile of study area -- 2. Methods -- 2.1 Data collection -- 2.2 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3. Results and discussions -- 3.1 Demographic and socioeconomic profile -- 3.2 Climate hazard and exposure assessment -- 3.3 Sensitivity assessment -- 3.4 Adaptive capacity assessment -- 3.5 Vulnerability and risk assessment -- 3.6 Risk management -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Comparing and contrasting characterstics of coping and adpatation response -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1 Conceptual understanding of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.1 The difference in characteristics of "coping" and "adaptation." -- 3.1.2 Consensus between coping and adaptation is outlined -- 3.1.3 How is there a conflation of response between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2 How does the progression of response frame a link between coping and adaptation? -- 3.2.1 Coping for survival -- 3.2.2 Camouflage adaptation -- 3.2.3 Discrete adaptation -- 3.2.4 Incremental and transformational adaptation -- 3.2.5 An amalgamation of coping and adaptation -- 3.3 How the link between short-term action and long-term response is drawn? -- 3.3.1 Way forward: linking short-term action to long-term response. , 3.3.1.1 Positive outcome -- 3.3.1.2 Negative outcome -- 4. Future directions -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 4 - Forest transition and ecosystem services in Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forest transition and its relevance for the Himalaya -- 2.1 Ecosystem services under forest transition -- 3. Materials and methods -- 4. Forest transition and ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 4.1 Forest transition in the Himalaya -- 4.2 Ecosystem services transition in the Himalaya -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 5 - Viable land use options to achieve multiple ecosystem services in the Eastern Himalayas of India -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area and land uses -- 2.2 Soil sampling and analysis -- 2.3 Data analysis -- 3. Results and discussion -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 6 - Species and crown density-specific variability in biomass carbon across Sindh forest landscape in the Western H ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and methods -- 2.1 Study area -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Forest biomass and carbon -- 3.2 Average biomass carbon and tree density ranges under different forest density classes -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Forest biomass and carbon stocks -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 7 - Climate-resilient pathways and nature-based solutions to reduce vulnerabilities to climate change in the Indian ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contributions to resilience pathways through responses to climate change -- 2.1 Climate change mitigation -- 2.2 Climate change adaptation -- 3. Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction -- 4. Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation -- 4.1 Ecosystem-based adaptation -- 4.2 Ecosystem-based mitigation -- 5. Conclusion -- References. , 8 - REDD+ and its implementation in the Himalayan region: policy issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of REDD+, up to Paris Agreement (PA) and beyond -- 2.1 India's contribution in making REDD as REDD+ -- 2.2 REDD+ in Articles 5 and 6.2 of Paris Agreement (PA)-requirements for results-based payments (RBPs), elements of "authorizat ... -- 2.3 Journey of Article 6 rulebook up to glasgow -- 2.4 Glasgow Climate Pact, rulebook on Art 6.2 ITMOs, authorization, adjustment (2/CMA.3) -- 3. Issues with REDD+ -- 3.1 UNFCCC REDD+ and VM projects -- 3.2 Jurisdictional or subnational approach of REDD+projects -- 4. Future of VM in REDD+ -- 5. Implementation of REDD+ in India -- 5.1 Exclusion of tree cover in FRL -- 5.2 National forest reference level of India -- 6. Option for the Himalayan States to implement REDD+ -- 7. Potential for contribution by Himalayan States -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 9 - Land degradation evaluation based on SDG indicators in the eastern Himalayan region: A case study from Nagaland ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study site -- 3. Materials and methods -- 3.1 Data source and tools -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Change in land cover indicator -- 3.2.2 Land productivity indicator -- 3.2.3 Change in soil organic carbon indicator -- 3.2.4 Land degradation neutrality status -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1 Land cover change in the state -- 4.2 Land productivity changes in the state -- 4.3 SOC change in the state -- 4.4 Land degradation status of Nagaland -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 10 - Leveraging on technology-driven information systems for conservation through informed decisions in the Hindu K ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Role of information systems -- 3. Ecological niche studies -- 3.1 Advancement in modeling algorithms -- 3.2 Advancement in data collection -- 4. Monitoring and information dissemination platforms. , 4.1 Geospatial analysis using google earth engine -- 4.2 Basic of google earth engine application development -- 5. Bioinformatics approaches -- 5.1 Identification of genes conferring disease resistance -- 5.2 Conservation strategy in the genomic era -- 5.3 Association mapping and adaptation -- 6. Opportunities for research and improvements -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 11 - Ecosystem services of the Indian Himalayan Region in a changing environment: an overview -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Present and future impacts of climate change on ecosystem services -- 2.1 Impacts on temperature regulation -- 2.2 Impacts on biodiversity services -- 2.3 Impacts on watershed services -- 2.4 Impacts on cultural services -- 3. How the valuation of ecosystem services be helpful for IHR conservation? -- 4. Policies promoting and sustaining ecosystem services in IHR -- 4.1 Policies instruments of the forest, wildlife, and environment sectors for ecosystem services management in IHR -- 4.2 Environmental performance index -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Changing climatic scenarios: impacts, vulnerabilities, and perception with special reference to the Indian Him ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study area -- 3. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity -- 4. Impact of climate change on glaciers/water bodies -- 5. Impact of climate change on agriculture -- 6. Impact of climate change on livelihood -- 7. Vulnerabilities and adaptations to climate change -- 8. Local perception to changing climatic scenarios -- 9. Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Further reading -- 13 - Carbon stock inventory and biomass production in different land use systems of Northwestern Himalaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass and carbon pools -- 3. Agroforestry systems -- 4. Forest ecosystem -- 5. Variation in land use systems -- 6. Future prospects. , 7. Conclusion -- References -- 14 - Vulnerability assessment of forest ecosystems: Climate change perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining vulnerability, resilience, and other linked terminology with reference to climate change -- 2.1 Types of vulnerability -- 2.2 Expressing vulnerability -- 2.3 Resilience of forest ecosystems -- 3. Vulnerability assessment linked to climate change -- 3.1 Conceptual frameworks adopted for the climate change vulnerability assessment -- 3.1.1 Double structure of vulnerability -- 3.1.2 Risk hazard and pressure and release model -- 3.1.3 Turner's framework: coupled social and ecological systems -- 3.1.4 IPCC guidelines of vulnerability -- 3.1.5 Yokohama strategy -- 3.1.6 Hyogo framework -- 3.1.7 Sendai framework -- 4. Various methodologies adopted for assessing climate change vulnerability -- 4.1 The top-down or quantitative approach -- 4.2 Qualitative bottom-up local-scenario approach -- 4.3 Resilience-driven approach -- 5. Methodological advancements in assessing climate change vulnerability -- 6. Way forward -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 15 - Synthesis and conclusions -- 1. Summary and synthesis -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-19415-7

Language: English