Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 547 S.

ISBN: 0-521-37368-9

Language: English

Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science

Keywords: Agrarforschung ; Statistik

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ISBN: 9780444536099

Content: Innovation in agriculture differs from innovation elsewhere in the economy in several important ways. In this chapter we highlight differences arising from (a) the atomistic nature of agricultural production, (b) the spatial specificity of agricultural technologies and the implications for spatial spillovers and the demand for adaptive research, and (c) the role of coevolving pests and diseases and changing weather and climate giving rise to demands for maintenance research, and other innovations that reduce the susceptibility of agricultural production to these uncontrolled factors. These features of agriculture mean that the nature and extent of market failures in the provision of agricultural research and innovation differ from their counterparts in other parts of the economy. Consequently, different government policies are implied, including different types of intellectual property protection and different roles of the government in funding and performing research. Informal innovation and technical discovery processes characterized agriculture from its beginnings some 10,000 years ago, providing a foundation for the organized science and innovation activities that have become increasingly important over the past century or two. This chapter reviews innovation and technical change in agriculture in this more-recent period, paying attention to research institutions, investments, and intellectual property. Special attention is given to issues of R&D attribution, the nature and length of the lags between research spending and its impacts on productivity, and various dimensions of innovation outcomes, including rates of return to agricultural research and the distribution of benefits.

In: Handbook of the economics of innovation ; 2, Amsterdam : Elsevier, North-Holland, 2010, (2010), Seite 939-984, 9780444536099

In: year:2010

In: pages:939-984

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/S0169-7218(10)02006-X

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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ISBN: 0444518738

Content: Investments in R&D and agricultural innovations have been fundamental to long-term economic growth worldwide. But global resource allocation has been uneven, with some developing countries closing in on developed-world scientific capacities, others regaining ground lost over the past decade or so, but, unfortunately, many others either stalled or slipping behind. Recently, substantial shifts in the scientific basis for much of biological research have created a new and promising set of opportunities for innovation in agricultural biotechnologies. Moreover, the institutional, regulatory and, especially, intellectual property regimes that affect agricultural R&D are also undergoing rapid change, providing enhanced private incentives for applications of biotechnology in agriculture. But the nature of these developments is raising real concerns about the extent to which developing-country agriculture will be able to partake in the benefits offered by the advances in biotechnology. In this chapter we present an overview of the globally evolving structure of funding and performance of agricultural research. This establishes the special nature of agricultural research as a truly joint endeavor of North and South, and of the public and private sectors. We then sketch the economics of intellectual property protection – highlighting static and dynamic models and the effects of competition – and alternative incentives to innovate. A brief list of means that have been used or proposed for protecting intellectual property in agriculture is presented, followed by a discussion of the ongoing global evolution of the intellectual property environment and relevant institutions. Then we discuss instruments that are available for transacting intellectual property rights (IPRs), provide a quantitative view of trends in agricultural intellectual property protection worldwide, and end with a short conclusion.

In: Handbook of agricultural economics, Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2007, (2007), Seite 2533-2603, 0444518738

In: 9780444518736

In: year:2007

In: pages:2533-2603

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/S1574-0072(06)03048-9

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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Format: XXXII, 504 p. 215 illus. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2010.

ISBN: 9781441906588

Series Statement: Natural Resource Management and Policy, 34

Content: This book documents the evolving path of U.S. agriculture in the 20th Century and the role of public R&D in that evolution. The work begins with a detailed quantitative assessment of the shifting patterns of production among the states and over time and of the public institutions and investments in agricultural R&D. Then, based on newly constructed sets of panel data, some of which span the entire 20th Century and more, the authors present new econometric evidence linking state-specific agricultural productivity measures to federal and state government investments in agricultural research and extension. The results show that the time lags between R&D spending and its effects on productivity are longer than commonly found or assumed in the prior published work. Also, the spillover effects of R&D among states are important, such that the national net benefits from a state's agricultural research investments are much greater than own-state net benefits. The main findings are consistent across a wide range of reasonable model specifications. In sum, the benefits from past public investments in agricultural research have been worth many times more than the costs, a significant share of the benefits accrue as spillovers, and the research lags are very long. An accelerated investment in public agricultural R&D is warranted by the high returns to the nation, and may be necessary to revitalize U.S. agricultural productivity growth even though the benefits may not be visible for many years. Julian M. Alston is Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Director of the Robert Mondavi Institute Center for Wine Economics at the University of California, Davis and Associate Director for Science and Technology at the University of California Agricultural Issues Center Matthew A. Andersen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics at the University of Wyoming Jennifer S. James is Associate Professor in the Department of Agribusiness at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Philip G. Pardey is Professor in the Department of Applied Economics and Director of the International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP) Center at the University of Minnesota.

Note: CONTEXT -- A Brief History of U.S. Agriculture -- INPUTS, OUTPUTS AND PRODUCTIVITY -- Agricultural Inputs -- Agricultural Outputs -- Agricultural Productivity Patterns -- AGRICULTURAL R&D FUNDING AND POLICIES -- Research Funding and Performance -- The Federal Role -- MODELS OF R&D AND PRODUCTIVITY -- Research Lags and Spillovers -- Models of Research and Productivity -- Econometric Estimation and Results -- Productivity Patterns and Research Benefits -- INTERPRETATION AND SYNTHESIS -- Interpretation and Assessment of Benefit-Cost Findings -- Synthesis.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781441906595

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781461425236

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781441906571

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0658-8

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0658-8

URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)

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Format: XXXIII, 585 S. : graph. Darst.

ISBN: 0851992994

Content: Contents: Part I Institutional and Conceptual Framework: 1 The Institutional, Scientific, and Policy Contexts ; 2 Research Evaluation and Priority-Setting Principles ; Part II Measuring the Effects of Agricultural Research: 3 Econometric Measurement of the Effects of Research ; 4 Economic Surplus Methods ; Part III Evaluation and Priority Setting in Practice: 5 Economic Surplus Measurement and Application ; 6 Mathematical Programming ; 7Scoring and Other Shortcut Approaches ; Part IV Overview and Assessment: 8 Assessment and Conclusion ; References ; Author Index ; Subject Index

Note: MAB0014.001: PIK W 010-09-0217 , MAB0036: m

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Format: XXX, 502 S. , graph. Darst., Kt. , 24 cm

ISBN: 9781441906571

Series Statement: Natural resource management and policy [34]

Note: Literaturverz. S. [465] - 492

Additional Edition: ISBN 9781441906588

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Alston, Julian M. Persistence Pays New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2010 ISBN 9781441906588

Language: English

Keywords: USA ; Landwirtschaft ; Produktivitätszuwachs ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; USA ; Agrarforschung ; Agrarpolitik ; Bibliographie enthalten ; Statistik

URL: Verlagsangaben

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Format: XXIV, 375 S , graph. Darst

ISBN: 0844739006

Series Statement: AEI studies in agricultural policy

Note: Literaturverz. S. 343 - 363

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 207 Seiten) , Illustrationen

ISBN: 9780851990453

Series Statement: CABI Books

Content: This book provides details of the economic studies, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in collaboration with the 5 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centres, namely CIAT (based in Colombia), CIMMYT (Mexico), ICARDA (Syria), ICRISAT (India) and IRRI (Philippines), on the costs of the conservation, use and distribution of germplasm in ex situ gene banks, and discusses their policy and management implications. It represents invaluable research of interest to those working in crop conservation, plant breeding and genetics, as well as agricultural economics and policy.

Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-196) and index. - Title from PDF title page (viewed August 23, 2013)

Additional Edition: ISBN 0851998593

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Saving seeds Wallingford : CABI, 2004 ISBN 0851998593

Language: English

Subjects: Biology

Keywords: Nutzpflanzen ; Genetische Ressourcen ; Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research ; Nutzpflanzen ; Genbibliothek ; Electronic books

DOI: 10.1079/9780851998596.0000

URL: lizenzpflichtig

URL: lizenzpflichtig

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Format: XVIII, 318 S. : , graph. Darst.

ISBN: 0-8018-7940-X , 0-8018-7941-8

Note: "Published for the International Food Policy Institute.". - Includes bibliographical references and index

Language: English

Keywords: Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Evaluation ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Forschung ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Politikberatung ; Aufsatzsammlung

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Format: 1 online resource (656 p.) : , 255 line drawings, 51 tables

ISBN: 9780226810645 , 9783110992823

Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report

Content: This volume presents studies from experts in twelve industries, providing insights into the future role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving economic growth across sectors. We live in an era in which innovation and entrepreneurship seem ubiquitous, particularly in regions like Silicon Valley, Boston, and the Research Triangle Park. But many metrics of economic growth, such as productivity growth and business dynamism, have been at best modest in recent years. The resolution of this apparent paradox is dramatic heterogeneity across sectors, with some industries seeing robust innovation and entrepreneurship and others seeing stagnation. By construction, the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship on overall economic performance is the cumulative impact of their effects on individual sectors. Understanding the potential for growth in the aggregate economy depends, therefore, on understanding the sector-by-sector potential for growth. This insight motivates the twelve studies of different sectors that are presented in this volume. Each study identifies specific productivity improvements enabled by innovation and entrepreneurship, for example as a result of new production technologies, increased competition, or new organizational forms. These twelve studies, along with three synthetic chapters, provide new insights on the sectoral patterns and concentration of the contributions of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic growth.

Note: Frontmatter -- , Contents -- , Acknowledgments -- , Introduction -- , I. Productivity Drivers -- , 1. The "Weighty" Manufacturing Sector -- , 2. Concentration and Agglomeration of IT Innovation and Entrepreneurship -- , 3. Innovation, Growth, and Structural Change in American Agriculture -- , 4. Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Energy Sector -- , II. The On- Demand Economy -- , 5. What's Driving Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Transportation Sector? -- , 6. The Recent Evolution of Physical Retail Markets -- , 7. The Servicification of the US Economy -- , 8. Digitization and Its Consequences for Creative- Industry Product and Labor Markets -- , III. The Cost Disease Sectors -- , 9. Innovation in the US Government -- , 10. Venture Capital- Led Entrepreneurship in Health Care -- , 11. Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Housing -- , 12. Education and Innovation -- , Panel Remarks -- , Panel Remarks -- , 13. Where Innovation Happens, and Where It Does Not -- , Contributors -- , Author Index -- , Subject Index , Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. , In English.

In: EBOOK PACKAGE Business and Economics 2022 English, De Gruyter, 9783110992823

In: EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2022 English, De Gruyter, 9783110993899

In: EBOOK PACKAGE COMPLETE 2022, De Gruyter, 9783110994810

In: EBOOK PACKAGE Economics 2022, De Gruyter, 9783110992922

In: University of Chicago Complete eBook-Package 2022, De Gruyter, 9783110766509

Language: English

URL: https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780226810645

URL: Cover