Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (346 pages)

ISBN: 9783030870454

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- 1 Assessing the State of Smoke Science -- 1.1 Recent Trends -- 1.2 Environmental and Social Context -- 1.3 Overview of This Assessment -- References -- 2 Fuels and Consumption -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Understanding How Fuels Contribute to Smoke -- 2.2 Wildland Fuels -- 2.2.1 Fuel Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Traditional Methods to Estimate Wildland Fuel Loadings -- 2.2.3 Emerging Technologies and Methods -- 2.3 Fuel Consumption -- 2.3.1 Indirect Estimates of Fuel Consumption -- 2.3.2 Direct Measures of Fuel Consumption -- 2.4 Gaps in Wildland Fuels Characterization -- 2.4.1 Scaling from Fine-Scale to Coarse-Scale Fuel Characterization -- 2.4.2 Challenges in Forest Floor Characterization -- 2.4.3 Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Wildland Fuels -- 2.5 Vision for Improving Fuel Science in Support of Smoke Science -- 2.6 Science Delivery to Managers -- 2.7 Research Needs -- 2.8 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Fire Behavior and Heat Release as Source Conditions for Smoke Modeling -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Current State of Science -- 3.2.1 Representing Fire in Smoke Models -- 3.2.2 Remote Sensing -- 3.2.3 Effects of Management Actions -- 3.3 Gaps in Understanding the Link Between Fire Behavior and Plume Dynamics -- 3.3.1 Heat Release -- 3.3.2 Fire Spread -- 3.3.3 Plume Cores -- 3.4 Vision for Improving Smoke Science -- 3.5 Emerging Issues and Challenges -- 3.5.1 Magnitude of Fire and Smoke Impacts -- 3.5.2 Managing Fuels to Minimize Air Quality Impacts -- 3.5.3 Need for Dispersion Climatologies -- 3.5.4 When and Where is Coupled Fire-Atmosphere Modeling Needed? -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 3.7 Key Findings -- 3.8 Key Information Needs -- References -- 4 Smoke Plume Dynamics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Scientific Significance -- 4.1.2 Management Significance. , 4.2 Current State of Science -- 4.2.1 Theoretical Framework -- 4.2.2 Smoke Measurements -- 4.2.3 Smoke Plume Modeling -- 4.2.4 Interactive Processes -- 4.2.5 Smoke Decision Support Systems -- 4.3 Gaps in Understanding Plume Dynamics -- 4.3.1 Measurements -- 4.3.2 Plume Rise -- 4.3.3 Dispersion and Transport Modeling -- 4.3.4 Nighttime Smoke -- 4.3.5 Physics-Based Fire Models -- 4.3.6 Smoke Management for Prescribed Fires -- 4.4 Vision for Improving Plume Dynamics Science -- 4.4.1 New Research on Observational and Computational Capabilities -- 4.4.2 New Approaches and Tools -- 4.4.3 New Projects -- 4.4.4 Recent Policies and Integration with Smoke Impacts Research -- 4.5 Emerging Issues and Challenges -- 4.5.1 Coupled Modeling Systems -- 4.5.2 Improving Modeling Tools with Field Campaign Data -- 4.5.3 Real-Time Smoke Transport Modeling and Prediction -- 4.5.4 Smoke from Duff Burning Under Drought Conditions -- 4.5.5 Smoke Plume Dynamics and Climate Change -- 4.5.6 Smoke Dynamics in the Earth System -- 4.6 Conclusions -- 4.7 Key Findings -- References -- 5 Emissions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Current State of the Science -- 5.2.1 Fuel Properties, Combustion Processes, and Emissions -- 5.2.2 Smoke Composition and Emission Factors -- 5.2.3 Emission Calculations -- 5.3 Existing Data, Tools, Models, and Other Technology -- 5.3.1 Emission Factors -- 5.3.2 Emission Inventories -- 5.3.3 Emission Models for Land Management -- 5.4 Gaps in Data, Understanding, and Tools/Technology -- 5.4.1 Emission Factors for Wildfires -- 5.4.2 Connecting Laboratory Studies with Field Observations -- 5.4.3 Variability of EFs with Combustion Conditions -- 5.4.4 Validation of Emission Inventories -- 5.4.5 Forecasting Wildfire Emissions -- 5.4.6 Measuring and Modeling PM2.5 -- 5.4.7 Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants -- 5.4.8 Emissions from Structure Fires -- 5.5 Conclusions. , References -- 6 Smoke Chemistry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Overview and Context of the Issues -- 6.1.2 Need for Decision Support -- 6.1.3 Scientific Challenges -- 6.2 Current State of the Science -- 6.2.1 Well-Understood Aspects of Smoke Chemistry -- 6.2.2 Existing Data, Tools, Models, and Other Technology -- 6.3 Gaps in Data, Understanding, and Tools/Technology -- 6.3.1 Ozone Data Gaps -- 6.3.2 Secondary Organic Aerosol Data Gaps -- 6.3.3 Model Gaps -- 6.4 Vision for Improving Our Understanding of Smoke Chemistry -- 6.4.1 Near-Term Opportunities -- 6.4.2 Long-Term Priorities for Improving Smoke Chemistry Knowledge -- 6.5 Emerging Issues -- 6.5.1 Higher Particulate Matter, Ozone, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Fires in Western States -- 6.5.2 How Prescribed Burning Affects Smoke Chemistry -- 6.5.3 Clarifying Specific Health Effects -- 6.6 Links with Other Components of the Smoke Assessment -- 6.6.1 Fire Behavior and Plume Dynamics -- 6.6.2 Fuel Characterization -- 6.6.3 Smoke Emissions -- 6.6.4 Effects on People, Health, Transportation, and Commerce -- 6.7 Conclusions -- 6.7.1 Key Research Needs and Priorities -- 6.7.2 Opportunities for Shared Stewardship to Improve Smoke Science and Management -- References -- 7 Social Considerations: Health, Economics, and Risk Communication -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Health Effects Attributed to Wildland Fire Smoke -- 7.2.1 Wildland Fire Smoke Exposure -- 7.2.2 Epidemiologic Evidence-Wildfire Smoke and PM2.5 -- 7.2.3 Other Smoke Pollutants Associated with Health Risks -- 7.2.4 Occupational/Cumulative and Chronic Exposures -- 7.3 Economic Costs and Losses from Smoke -- 7.3.1 Theoretical Costs and Losses -- 7.3.2 Health Costs and Losses -- 7.3.3 Evacuation as an Averting Behavior -- 7.3.4 Displaced Recreation and Tourism -- 7.4 Social Acceptance and Risk Communication -- 7.4.1 Social Acceptability. , 7.4.2 Risk Communication -- 7.5 Key Findings -- 7.6 Key Information Needs -- 7.6.1 Understudied Health Effects -- 7.6.2 Health Benefits and Trade-Offs of Public Health Interventions -- 7.6.3 Economic Impacts -- 7.6.4 Central Repository of Standards and Actions -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Resource Manager Perspectives on the Need for Smoke Science -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Managing Wildland Fire to Improve Ecosystem Conditions While Minimizing Smoke Impacts -- 8.2.1 Smoke Concerns and Barriers to Prescribed Fire -- 8.2.2 Applying Prescribed Fire Across Large Landscapes -- 8.2.3 Utilizing Wildfires and Natural Ignitions -- 8.2.4 Implications of Wildfire Response Actions and Suppression for Air Quality -- 8.2.5 Alternatives to Burning-Evaluating Emissions Reduction -- 8.2.6 Effects of Fuel Moisture on Emissions and Dispersion -- 8.2.7 Fuel Type, Fuel Loading, and Fuel Consumption -- 8.2.8 Techniques for Minimizing Smoke Impacts -- 8.2.9 Components of Wildland Fire Smoke -- 8.2.10 Soils and Emissions -- 8.2.11 Remote Sensing and Data for Fuels, Fire, and Smoke -- 8.2.12 Prescribed Fire Tracking Data -- 8.2.13 Fire Emissions and the National Emissions Inventory -- 8.3 Wildland Fire and Smoke Decision Tools -- 8.3.1 Multiple Fires and Airshed Analysis -- 8.3.2 Fire Growth Models and Smoke Dispersion -- 8.3.3 Background Air Quality Conditions -- 8.3.4 Smoke Models for Fire Planning -- 8.3.5 Use of Air Quality Measurements -- 8.3.6 Air Quality Impacts of Prescribed Fire Versus Wildfire -- 8.3.7 Smoke Model Performance and Accuracy -- 8.3.8 Long-Range Forecasts and Projections for Planning and Early Warning -- 8.3.9 Tools and Data Needs for the Future -- 8.3.10 Identifying Areas at High Risk from Wildfire and Smoke -- 8.4 Health, Safety, and Societal Impacts of Smoke -- 8.4.1 What is a Smoke-Affected Day?. , 8.4.2 Effects of Smoke Exposure on Human Health for Different Exposure Scenarios -- 8.4.3 Health Effects of Constituents of Smoke Beyond Particulate Matter -- 8.4.4 Smoke and Mental Health -- 8.4.5 Smoke and Visibility Reduction on Roadways -- 8.4.6 Visibility Conditions in Class I Areas -- 8.5 Outreach and Messaging About Smoke -- 8.5.1 Smoke Ready Interventions -- 8.5.2 Air Quality Conditions and Advisories -- 8.5.3 National Weather Service -- 8.5.4 Interagency Wildland Fire Air Quality Response Program and Air Resource Advisors -- 8.6 Transfer of Smoke and Air Quality Science and Tools to Managers -- 8.6.1 Formal Fire and Smoke Training Opportunities -- 8.6.2 Informal Training and Collaboration Opportunities -- 8.6.3 Websites, Webinars, Etc. -- 8.6.4 Learning Pathways -- 8.6.5 Maintaining Contact -- 8.7 Managing Smoke in a Changing Environment -- References -- Appendix A Regional Perspectives on Smoke Issues and Management -- Alaska Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Scientific Efforts Applicable to the Region -- Eastern Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Scientific Efforts Applicable to the Region -- Intermountain Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Scientific Efforts Applicable to the Region -- Northern Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Current Efforts Applicable to the Region -- Pacific Northwest Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Scientific Efforts Applicable to the Region -- Pacific Southwest Region -- Ecological and Social Context -- Prescribed Fire and Smoke -- Smoke Research Needs and Scientific Efforts Applicable to the Region. , Rocky Mountain Region.

Additional Edition: Print version: Peterson, David L. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 ISBN 9783030870447

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (306 pages)

ISBN: 9783030452162

Note: Intro -- English Equivalents -- Executive Summary -- Overview and Purpose -- Key Messages -- Key Benefits of Forest and Rangeland Soils -- Carbon and Water -- Biodiversity and Indicators of Soil Health -- Biogeochemistry -- Soil in Wetland and Urban Landscapes -- Degradation of Soil Health -- Management -- Managing, Restoring, and Addressing Soil Needs -- Innovations in Soil Management -- Monitoring Restored Systems -- Assessment, Mapping, and Measuring -- Needs for the Future -- Literature Cited -- Contents -- About the Contributors -- 1: State of Forest and Rangeland Soils Research in the United States -- Overview -- The Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States -- Soil Variability -- Legacies of Forest Soils Research -- Calhoun Experimental Forest, Sumter National Forest, South Carolina -- Sylvania Wilderness, Ottawa National Forest, Michigan -- Long-Term Soil Productivity Program, United States and Western Canada -- Monitoring to Detect Changes in Soil -- Research Challenges -- Physical and Human Resources for Knowledge Acquisition, Integration, Analysis, and Transfer -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 2: Soil Carbon -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of Mineral Soil Organic Carbon Stability and Vulnerability: An Emerging Paradigm -- Application of the New Paradigm to Assessing Soil Carbon Vulnerability -- Soil Carbon Vulnerability Under Key Disturbances -- Climate Change and Increasing Carbon Dioxide -- Fire -- Harvesting and Thinning -- Livestock Grazing -- Nutrient Additions -- Tree Mortality -- Invasive Species -- Managing for Soil Organic Carbon in Forests and Rangelands -- Links to Institutional Initiatives -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 3: Soils and Water -- Introduction -- Soils and the Water Cycle -- Modeling Soils and the Water Cycle. , Threats to the Important Soil Function of Providing Clean, Abundant Water -- Forest Harvesting -- Grazing of Forests and Rangelands -- Fire and Related Activities -- Soil Water Repellency -- Natural Gas Development -- Development for Recreational Activities -- Soil Pollution -- Priority Information Gaps -- Linked Soil Climate Information -- Expanded Soil Moisture Monitoring -- Continued Support for Hydrologic Monitoring Networks -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 4: Biogeochemical Cycling in Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States -- Introduction -- Human Impacts on Forest and Rangeland Biogeochemical Cycling in the United States -- Harvest and Grazing -- Change in Species Composition -- Forest Fertilization -- Prescribed Fire -- Environmental Pollutants -- Atmospheric Deposition of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Mercury -- A Short History of Regulation and Research -- Impacts of Atmospheric Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Mercury Deposition on Forest and Rangeland Biogeochemical Cycling -- Ecosystem Response to Declining Atmospheric Pollutants of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Mercury -- Critical Loads of Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen -- Toxic and Priority Pollutants -- Contaminants of Emerging Concern -- Climate Change, Climate Variability, and Extreme Weather Events -- Temperature and Precipitation as Major Factors of Biome Distribution -- Temperature and Precipitation as Determinants of Ecosystem Productivity -- Temperature and Precipitation as Drivers of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Reactions -- Extreme Disturbance -- Invasive Species, Insect Pests, and Pathogens -- Invasive Species -- Insect Pests -- Pathogens -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 5: Forest and Rangeland Soil Biodiversity -- Introduction -- Major Groups of Soil Organisms -- Viruses -- Bacteria and Archaea -- Fungi -- Protists. , Microfauna -- Mesofauna -- Macrofauna -- Megafauna -- The Soil Habitat -- Texture and Aggregation -- Soil Chemistry -- The Rhizosphere -- The Impact of Disturbance on Soil Biodiversity -- Compaction -- Postfire Biodiversity -- Invasive Organisms -- Climate Change and Belowground Biodiversity -- Forest Management -- Harvesting -- Fuel Reduction Practices (Burning, Thinning, Mastication) -- New Approaches to Understand Soil Biodiversity -- Conclusions -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Science -- Management Questions -- Literature Cited -- 6: Wetland and Hydric Soils -- Introduction -- Goods and Services Derived from Wetlands -- Water Storage and Supply -- Water Quality -- Carbon -- Wildlife Habitat -- Commodities -- Objective and Scope -- Wetland Soil Types -- Tidal and Nontidal Wetlands -- Distribution of Wetlands -- Role of Soils in Wetland Ecosystem Functions -- Nontidal Wetlands -- Mineral Soils -- Prairie Potholes -- Forested Mineral Soil Wetlands -- Organic Soils -- Nonforested Peatlands -- Forested Peatlands -- Tidal Wetlands -- Tidal Freshwater Wetlands -- Tidal Marine Wetlands -- Sustainability of Wetland Functions and Ecosystem Services with Changing Conditions -- Long-Term Climate Variability -- Long-Term Shifts in Temperature and Precipitation -- Vegetation Response -- Altered Hydrology -- Thawing of Permafrost Wetlands -- Sea Level Rise -- Extreme Events -- Fire -- Floods Resulting from Increased Incidence of Severe Storms -- Atmospheric Effects -- Elevated CO2 -- Pollutants and Nutrients in Deposition -- Mercury -- Sulfur -- Nitrogen -- Land Use and Land Management -- Urban and Infrastructure Development -- Agriculture -- Sediment, Nutrient, and Chemical Runoff -- Livestock Grazing -- Cropland Drainage -- Forest Management -- Restoration and Mitigation -- Tools -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited. , 7: Urban Soils -- Introduction -- What Is an Urban Soil? -- A Range of Soil Conditions -- Habitat for Soil Organisms -- What Is the Role of Soil in Urban Ecosystems? -- Importance of Soil in an Urban Context -- Juxtaposition of People and Soil: An Educational Opportunity -- An Ecosystem Services Framework for Urban Soils -- Anthropogenic Influences on Urban Soils and Their Assessment -- Direct Effects -- Land Use Change and Urbanization -- Waste Disposal -- Grading and Stormwater Management -- Sealing and Paving -- Soil Replacement and Recycling -- Lawn Management -- Indirect Effects -- Urban Climate -- Urban Atmospheric Chemistry -- Nonnative and Invasive Species -- Mapping, Classification, and Interpretation -- Opportunities for Ecosystem Service Enhancements in Cities -- Recycling Municipal Waste to Enhance Urban Soils -- Soil Amendments to Reduce Contaminant Bioavailability -- Green Roofs: An Opportunity for Ecosystem Service Enhancement -- Diverse Plant Communities Stabilize Ecosystem Service Enhancement -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 8: Soil Management and Restoration -- Introduction -- Context -- Historical Forest Soil Management -- Historical Rangeland Soil Management -- Progressive Shifts in Policy and Planning -- Forest Service Policy -- Use of Ecological Sites and Associated Information -- Advances in Management and Restoration -- Soils-based Management -- Application of Resistance and Resilience Concepts -- Soil Security -- Soil Sensitivity -- Forest Management -- WildFire and Prescribed Fire -- Mine Reclamation -- Soils and Problematic Species -- Innovative Approaches -- Biochar -- Seed Coating Technologies -- Soil Transplants -- Monitoring Restoration Success -- Case Studies -- Mower Tract Ecological Restoration: Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. , Long-Term Soil Productivity Study: North America -- Soil Matters: Deschutes National Forest, Oregon -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 9: Soil Mapping, Monitoring, and Assessment -- Introduction -- Soil Mapping -- Historical Context -- Methods -- Traditional Soil Mapping -- Digital Soil Mapping -- Soil Monitoring and Assessment -- US Monitoring and Assessment Installations -- Long-Term Ecological Research Sites -- Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program -- "Smart" Environmental Sensor Technology -- Guidelines -- Tools and Technology -- Web Soil Survey (WSS) -- Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) Database -- Soil Data Viewer (SDV) -- ESRI® ArcGIS Soil Inference Engine (ArcSIE) -- Terrestrial Ecological Unit Inventory (TEUI) Geospatial Toolkit -- Key Findings -- Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 10: Challenges and Opportunities -- Introduction -- Understanding Basic Soil Properties and Processes -- Significance -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Understanding Disturbance and Stress Effects -- Significance -- Climate Change -- Fire -- Invasive Species, Pests, and Disease -- Pollution -- Nonurban Land Uses -- Urban Land Uses -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Monitoring, Modeling, Mapping, and Data-Sharing: A Key Component of Knowledge Acquisition and Decision-Making for Land Managers -- Significance -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Training the Next Generation of Scientists -- Significance -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Managing Soils in an Age of Accelerated Disturbance, Land Use, and Environmental Changes -- Significance -- Challenges and Opportunities -- Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Regional Summaries -- Northeast -- Introduction -- The Environment of the Northeast -- Conversion of Forests to Other Land Use -- Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events. , Sea Level Rise and Salt Water Intrusion.

Additional Edition: Print version: Pouyat, Richard V. Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States under Changing Conditions Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2020 ISBN 9783030452155

Language: English

Subjects: Geography

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (xlii, 455 Seiten)

ISBN: 9783030453671

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-3-030-45366-4

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

UID:

Format: XXXII, 261 p. 54 illus., 38 illus. in color. , online resource.

ISBN: 9789400775152

Series Statement: Advances in Global Change Research, 57

Content: This volume offers a scientific assessment of the effects of climatic variability and change on forest resources in the United States. Derived from a report that provides technical input to the 2013 U.S. Global Change Research Program National Climate Assessment, the book serves as a framework for managing U.S. forest resources in the context of climate change. The authors focus on topics having the greatest potential to alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems, and therefore ecosystem services, by the end of the 21st century. Part I provides an environmental context for assessing the effects of climate change on forest resources, summarizing changes in environmental stressors, followed by state-of-science projections for future climatic conditions relevant to forest ecosystems. Part II offers a wide-ranging assessment of vulnerability of forest ecosystems and ecosystem services to climate change. The authors anticipate that altered disturbance regimes and stressors will have the biggest effects on forest ecosystems, causing long-term changes in forest conditions. Part III outlines responses to climate change, summarizing current status and trends in forest carbon, effects of carbon management, and carbon mitigation strategies. Adaptation strategies and a proposed framework for risk assessment, including case studies, provide a structured approach for projecting and responding to future changes in resource conditions and ecosystem services. Part IV describes how sustainable forest management, which guides activities on most public and private lands in the United States, can provide an overarching structure for mitigating and adapting to climate change.

Note: Part I Seeking the Climate Change Signal -- Chapter 1 Recent Changes in Climate and Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 2 Projected Changes in Future Climate -- Part II Effects of Climatic Variability and Change -- Chapter 3 Forest Processes -- Chapter 4 Disturbance Regimes and Stressors -- Chapter 5 Climate Change and Forest Values -- Chapter 6 Regional Highlights of Climate Change -- Part III Responding to Climate Change -- Chapter 7 Managing Carbon -- Chapter 8 Adapting to Climate Change -- Chapter 9 Risk Assessment -- Part IV Scientific Issues and Priorities -- Chapter 10 Research and Assessment in the 21st Century -- Index.                                      .

In: Springer eBooks

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9789400775145

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2

URL: Volltext

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Abstract

URL: Click to View

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)

URL: Cover

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (289 p.)

ISBN: 9783030452162

Content: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates

Note: English

Language: English

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (455 p.)

ISBN: 9783030453671

Content: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners

Note: English

Language: English

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 1 Online-Ressource (341 p.)

ISBN: 9783030870454

Content: This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical, chemical, and biological issues related to wildfire and prescribed fire, (2) key social issues, including human health and economic impacts, and (3) current and anticipated management and regulatory issues. Each chapter provides a summary of priorities for future research that provide a roadmap for developing scientific information that can improve smoke and fire management over the next decade

Note: English

Language: Undetermined

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: XVI, 341 p. 63 illus., 50 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2022.

ISBN: 9783030870454

Content: This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical, chemical, and biological issues related to wildfire and prescribed fire, (2) key social issues, including human health and economic impacts, and (3) current and anticipated management and regulatory issues. Each chapter provides a summary of priorities for future research that provide a roadmap for developing scientific information that can improve smoke and fire management over the next decade.

Note: Chapter 1. Assessing the State of Smoke Science -- Chapter 2. Fuels and Consumption -- Chapter 3. Fire Behavior and Heat Release as Source Conditions for Smoke -- Chapter 4. Smoke Plume Dynamics -- Chapter 5. Emissions -- Chapter 6. Smoke Chemistry -- Chapter 7. Social, Economic, and Health Effects of Smoke -- Chapter 8. Resource Manager Perspectives on the Need for Smoke Science -- Appendix A: Regional Perspectives on Smoke Issues and Management -- Appendix B: Smoke Monitoring Networks, Models, and Mapping Tools.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030870447

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030870461

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030870478

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4

URL: kostenfrei

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (484 pages)

ISBN: 9783030453671

Note: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Ecological and Economic Impacts of Invasive Species -- Interactions of Invasive Species with Changing Environmental Conditions -- Social Dynamics Related to Invasive Species -- Early Intervention and Management of Invasive Species -- Managing for Resilience and Restoring Ecosystems Impacted by Invasive Species -- Regional Effects of Invasive Species -- An Imperative for Action -- Contents -- Author Biographies -- List of Boxes -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Conceptualizing Mechanisms of Invasive Species Ecological Impacts -- 2.1.2 Direct and Indirect Impacts: Density-Mediated vs Trait-Mediated -- 2.1.3 Understanding Invaders in a Community Context -- 2.1.4 Research Gaps for Understanding Ecological Impact -- 2.1.5 Key Findings -- 2.1.6 Key Information Needs -- 2.2 Impacts of Invasive Plants in Terrestrial Systems -- 2.2.1 Invasive Plant Impacts on Community Structure and Function -- 2.2.2 Invasive Plants: Competition and System Engineering -- 2.2.3 Invasive Plants and Pollinators -- 2.2.4 Invasive Plant Impacts on Trophic Interactions: A Tangled Web -- 2.2.5 Invasive Plant Impacts and Evolution -- 2.2.6 Invasive Plant Impacts: Looking Forward -- 2.2.7 Key Findings -- 2.2.8 Key Information Needs -- 2.3 Impacts of Invasive Phytophagous Insects and Plant Pathogens in Terrestrial Systems -- 2.3.1 Key Findings -- 2.3.2 Key Information Needs -- 2.4 Impacts of Invasive Vertebrates in Terrestrial Systems -- 2.4.1 Key Findings -- 2.4.2 Key Information Needs -- 2.5 Impacts of Invasive Plants in Aquatic Systems -- 2.5.1 Key Findings -- 2.5.2 Key Information Needs -- 2.6 Impacts of Invasive Animals in Aquatic Systems -- 2.6.1 Key Findings. , 2.6.2 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 3: Impacts of Invasive Species on Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Processes in the United States -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Impacts on Carbon Cycling in Forests and Grasslands -- 3.3 Impacts on Nutrient Cycling in Forests and Grasslands -- 3.4 Effects of Invasive Species on Water Quantity and Quality -- 3.4.1 Direct Effects of Invasive Plants on Water Quantity -- 3.4.2 Indirect Effects of Invasive Insects and Pathogens on Water Quantity -- 3.4.3 Direct Effects of Invasive Plants on Water Quality -- 3.4.4 Indirect Effects of Invasive Insects and Pathogens on Water Quality -- 3.5 Key Findings -- 3.6 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 4: Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Influence of Climate Change on Invasive Species Distributions -- 4.2.1 Altered Pathways for Invasive Species Introductions -- 4.2.2 Distribution Changes During Invasion -- 4.2.3 Interacting Drivers of Global Environmental Change and Evolutionary Responses of Native Ecological Communities to Invasion -- 4.2.4 Key Findings -- 4.2.5 Key Information Needs -- 4.3 Adaptive Responses of Invasive Species to a Changing Climate -- 4.3.1 Selection on Adaptive Traits and Evolutionary Trends in Changing Climates -- 4.3.2 Key Findings -- 4.3.3 Key Information Needs -- 4.4 Impacts of Climate Change on Physiology, Survival, Productivity, Phenology, and Behavior of Invasive Plants, Insects, and Pathogens -- 4.4.1 Impacts on Invasive Plants -- 4.4.2 Impacts on Invasive Insects -- 4.4.3 Impacts on Invasive Pathogens -- 4.4.4 Key Findings -- 4.4.5 Key Information Needs -- 4.5 Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change That Affect Invasive Species -- 4.5.1 Habitat and Host Range -- 4.5.2 Host Physiology and Phenology -- 4.5.3 Disturbances -- 4.5.4 Trophic Interactions. , 4.5.5 Influence of Land Management on Invasive Species in a Changing Climate -- 4.5.6 Key Findings -- 4.5.7 Key Information Needs -- 4.6 Influence of Invasive Species on Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration -- 4.6.1 Key Findings -- 4.6.2 Key Information Needs -- 4.7 Predicting, Monitoring, and Managing Invasions Under a Changing Climate -- 4.7.1 Modeling Future Scenarios to Predict Effects of Climate Change on Species Invasions -- 4.7.2 Management and Restoration Techniques -- 4.7.3 Key Findings -- 4.7.4 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 5: Invasive Species Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Natural Versus Anthropogenic Disturbance -- 5.3 Resistance to Invasion -- 5.3.1 Abiotic Resistance -- 5.3.2 Biotic Resistance -- 5.4 Stress and Invasibility -- 5.5 Propagule Pressure and Dispersal Corridors -- 5.6 Modeling Invasibility and Invadedness -- 5.7 Disturbance and Plant Invasion in Different Vegetation Types -- 5.7.1 Forest Vegetation -- 5.7.2 Wetland and Riparian Vegetation -- 5.7.3 Grassland Vegetation -- 5.7.4 Shrubland Vegetation -- 5.8 Disturbance and Invasions of Consumer Organisms -- 5.8.1 Invasive Plant Pathogens -- 5.8.2 Invasive Insects -- 5.8.3 Invasive Earthworms -- 5.8.4 Invasive Terrestrial Vertebrates -- 5.9 Disturbance and Invasive Species Management -- 5.10 Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs -- 5.11 Key Findings -- 5.12 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 6: Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Risk Assessment -- 6.2.1 Definitions of Risk -- 6.2.2 Introduction to Risk Assessment -- 6.2.3 Assessments for Intentional Introductions. , 6.2.4 Assessments for Unintentional Introductions of Alien Species -- 6.2.5 Assessments of Management Tactics -- 6.2.6 Key Findings for Risk Assessment -- 6.3 Prediction and Prevention -- 6.3.1 Prediction -- 6.3.2 Prevention -- 6.3.3 Key Findings for Prediction and Prevention -- 6.4 Early Detection and Rapid Response -- 6.4.1 Spatial Analysis for Program Planning (aka Pest Risk Maps) -- 6.4.2 Implementation of Early Detection -- 6.4.3 Options for Rapid Response -- 6.4.4 Key Findings for Early Detection and Rapid Response -- 6.5 Information Gaps and Future Directions -- Literature Cited -- 7: Management of Landscapes for Established Invasive Species -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Invasive Species Management Principles -- 7.2.1 Understanding Impacts of Invasive Species Is Essential for Effective Management -- 7.2.2 Effective Management Is Specific to Ecosystem, Landscape, and Forest Management Objectives -- 7.2.3 Threshold Concept Aids Decision-Making for Invasive Species Management -- 7.2.4 Prioritization of Limited Resources for Effective Management -- 7.3 Framework for Management and the Prioritization or Allocation of Limited Resources -- 7.3.1 The Threat or Impact from Invading Species -- 7.3.2 Prioritizing Communities or Ecosystems for Invasive Species Management Based on Their Value -- 7.3.3 Spatial Extent and Temporal Stage of the Invasion Within the Ecosystem Under Consideration -- 7.3.4 Goals and Objectives of Potential Invasive Species Management Efforts -- 7.3.5 Effectiveness of Available Tools or Their Potential for Success -- 7.3.6 Integration of Input -- 7.3.7 Key Findings -- 7.3.8 Key Information Needs -- 7.4 Recent Advances in Understanding the Biology and Ecology of Invasive Species -- 7.4.1 Invasive Insects -- 7.4.2 Invasive Pathogens of Trees -- 7.4.3 Invasive Pathogens of Animals. , 7.4.4 Invasive Plants -- 7.4.5 Invasive Terrestrial Vertebrates -- 7.4.6 Invasive Aquatic Animals -- 7.4.7 Key Findings -- 7.4.8 Key Information Needs -- 7.5 Approaches to Management of Invasive Species -- 7.5.1 Regulatory Control -- 7.5.2 Outreach and Education -- 7.5.3 Physical Control -- 7.5.4 Cultural Control -- 7.5.5 Chemical or Pesticidal Control -- 7.5.6 Biological Control -- 7.5.7 Vaccination -- 7.5.8 Host Resistance -- 7.5.9 Reproduction Control -- 7.5.10 Integrated Pest Management Programs -- 7.5.11 Key Findings -- 7.5.12 Key Information Needs -- 7.6 Recent Advances in Development of Tools for Invasive Species Management -- 7.6.1 Advances in Surveys and Traps for Monitoring and Early Detection of Invasive Species -- 7.6.2 Advances in Molecular Tools for Detection -- 7.6.3 Tools for Suppression of Invasive Species -- 7.6.4 Current Research that May Lead to the Development of New Management Tools -- 7.6.5 Data System Design -- 7.6.6 Key Findings -- 7.6.7 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited -- 8: Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Restoration of Forests and Grasslands Affected by Invasive Plants -- 8.2.1 Key Information Needs -- 8.3 Genetic Considerations for the Restoration of Forests Affected by Invasive Insects and Disease -- 8.3.1 Breeding Resistance to Invasive Forest Pathogens -- 8.3.2 Breeding Resistance to Invasive Insects -- 8.3.3 Deployment of Resistant Planting Stock or Alternative Non-host Species -- 8.3.4 Key Information Needs: Toward Developing Capacity for Solutions -- 8.4 Restoration of Forests and Grasslands Affected by Invasive Vertebrates -- 8.4.1 Key Information Needs -- 8.5 Restoration of Aquatic Habitats Invaded by Aquatic Species -- 8.5.1 Key Information Needs -- Literature Cited. , 9: Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management.

Additional Edition: Print version: Poland, Therese M. Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2021 ISBN 9783030453664

Language: English

Keywords: Electronic books.

URL: Click to View

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Format: XLII, 455 p. 87 illus., 67 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2021.

ISBN: 9783030453671

Content: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.

Note: Chapter 1. Introduction (Deborah C. Hayes, Becky K. Kerns, Toral Patel-Weynand, and Deborah M. Finch) -- Chapter 2. Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States (Albert E. Mayfield III, Steven J. Seybold, Wendell R. Haag, M. Tracy Johnson, Becky K. Kerns, John C. Kilgo, Daniel J. Larkin, Rima D. Lucardi, Bruce D. Moltzan, Dean E. Pearson, John D. Rothlisberger, Jeffrey D. Schardt, Michael K. Schwartz, and Michael K. Young) -- Chapter 3. Impacts of Invasive Species on Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Processes in the United States (Chelcy Ford Miniat, Jennifer M. Fraterrigo, Steven T. Brantley, Mac A. Callaham, Jr., Susan Cordell, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Christian P. Giardina, Shibu Jose, and Gary Lovett) -- Chapter 4. Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species (Deborah M. Finch, Jack L. Butler, Justin B. Runyon, Christopher J. Fettig, Francis F. Kilkenny, Shibu Jose, Susan J. Frankel, Samuel A. Cushman, Richard C. Cobb, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Jeffrey A. Hicke, and Sybill K. Amelon) -- Chapter 5. Invasive Species Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance (Susan E. Meyer, Mac A. Callaham, Jr., Jane E. Stewart, and Steven D. Warren) -- Chapter 6. Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses (Robert C. Venette, Doria R. Gordon, Jennifer Juzwik, Frank H. Koch, Andrew M. Liebhold, Robert K.D. Peterson, Sharlene E. Sing, and Denys Yemshanov) -- Chapter 7. Management of Landscapes for Established Invasive Species (Therese M. Poland, Jennifer Juzwik, Allen Rowley, Cynthia D. Huebner, John C. Kilgo, Vanessa M. Lopez, Deanna H. Olson, Dean Pearson, Robert Progar, Robert Rabaglia, John D. Rothlisberger, Justin B. Runyon, and Sharlene E. Sing) -- Chapter 8. Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species (Jennifer Koch, Dean E. Pearson, Cynthia D. Huebner, Michael K. Young, and Richard A. Sniezko) -- Chapter 9. Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management (Anne S. Marsh, Deborah C. Hayes, Patrice N. Klein, Nicole Zimmerman, Alison Dalsimer, Douglas A. Burkett, Cynthia D. Huebner, Robert Rabaglia, Laura A. Meyerson, Bonnie L. Harper-Lore, Jamie L. Davidson, Marla R. Emery, Travis Warziniack, Rebecca Flitcroft, Becky K. Kerns, and Vanessa M. Lopez) -- Chapter 10. Inventory and Monitoring of Invasive Species (Sonja Oswalt, Chris Oswalt, Alycia Crall, Robert Rabaglia, Michael Schwartz, and Becky K. Kerns) -- Chapter 11. Tools and Technologies for Quantifying Spread and Impacts of Invasive Species (Matt Reeves, Inés Ibáñez, Dana Blumenthal, Gang Chen, Qinfeng Guo, Catherine Jarnevich, Jennifer Koch, Frank Sapio, Michael K. Schwartz, Bruce K. Wylie, and Stephen Boyte) -- Chapter 12. Social and Cultural Dynamics of Non-Native Invasive Species (John Schelhas, Janice Alexander, Mark Brunson, Tommy Cabe, Alycia Crall, Michael J. Dockry, Marla R. Emery, Susan J. Frankel, Nina Hapner, Caleb R. Hickman, Rebecca Jordan, Michael J. LaVoie, Zhao Ma, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Joe Starinchak, and Jelena Vukomanovic) -- Chapter 13. The Role of International Cooperation in Invasive Species Research (Andrew Liebhold, Faith Campbell, Doria R. Gordon, Qinfeng Guo, Nathan Havill, Bradley Kinder, Richard MacKenzie, David R. Lance, Dean Pearson, Sharlene E. Sing, Travis Warziniack, Robert C. Venette, and Denys Yemshanov) -- Chapter 14. Economics of Invasive Species (Travis Warziniack, Robert G. Haight, Denys Yemshanov, Jenny L. Apriesnig, Thomas P. Holmes, Amanda M. Countryman, John D. Rothlisberger, and Christopher Haberland) -- Chapter 15. Legislation and Policy (Faith T. Campbell, Hilda Diaz-Soltero, and Deborah C. Hayes) -- Chapter 16. Future Invasive Species Research Challenges and Opportunities (Becky K. Kerns, Therese M. Poland, Robert C. Venette, Toral Patel-Weynand, Deborah M. Finch, Allen Rowley, Deborah C. Hayes, Mike Ielmini) -- APPENDIX 1: Regional Summaries.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030453664

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030453688

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783030453695

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1

URL: kostenfrei