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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p)

Content: This report reviews the literature on the links between energy access, welfare, and gender in order to provide evidence on where gender considerations in the energy sector matter and how they might be addressed. Prepared as a background document for the 2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, and part of the Social Development Department's ongoing work on gender and infrastructure, the report describes and evaluates the evidence on the links between gender and energy focusing on: increased access to woodfuel through planting of trees and forest management; improved cooking technologies; and access to electricity and motive energy. The report's main finding is that energy interventions can have significant gender benefits, which can be realized via careful design and targeting of interventions based on a context-specific understanding of energy scarcity and household decision-making, in particular how women's preferences, opportunity cost of time, and welfare are reflected in household energy decisions. The report focuses on the academic peer-reviewed literature and, although it applies fairly inclusive screening criteria when selecting the evidence to consider, finds that the evidence on many of the energy-gender linkages is often limited. There is thus a clear need for studies to evaluate interventions and identify key design elements for gender-sensitive project design

Additional Edition: Köhlin, Gunnar Energy, Gender and Development

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5800

URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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ISBN: 9780444537737

Content: Human interactions with the environment can profoundly impact many outcomes – health being chief among them. While the nature of environmental risks changes across time and space, the burden of disease attributable to environmental risk hovers stubbornly around one quarter of the total global disease burden. Further, environmental risks are particularly damaging to the health of children, but also to the elderly and the impoverished in low and middle income countries (LMICs). This chapter highlights the ways in which economics provides analytical insight about the human–environment relationship and about potential ways to prevent diseases. Specifically, we contend that the household production framework – which focuses on the beneficiary and households – helps us understand when and how households will avert environmental risks. While economists have been mostly on the sidelines of environmental health research, there is a growing literature from LMICs that examines three aspects of reduction in household environmental risks: (i) how households value these risk reductions, (ii) what factors drive household adoption of environmental health technologies, and (iii) what are the impacts of these technologies on household health. At the risk of simplification, our review of this literature finds relatively low values for environmental risk reductions, which is mirrored by limited adoption of environmental health technologies and, accordingly, disappointing impact on health. Economists have made less progress in linking the literatures on valuation, adoption and impacts with each other. We conclude by explaining why the next wave of research should focus on these links and on multiple risks, environmental disasters, and political economy of the supply of interventions.

In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam, Netherlands : North-Holland, an imprint of Elsevier, 2018, (2018), Seite 143-191, 9780444537737

In: 0444537732

In: year:2018

In: pages:143-191

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/bs.hesenv.2018.08.004

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

UID:

ISBN: 9780444537737

In: Handbook of environmental economics, Amsterdam, Netherlands : North-Holland, an imprint of Elsevier, 2018, (2018), Seite xv-xviii, 9780444537737

In: 0444537732

In: year:2018

In: pages:xv-xviii

Language: English

DOI: 10.1016/S1574-0099(18)30019-6

URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource

ISBN: 9780444537737 , 0444537732

Series Statement: Handbooks in economics 20

Content: Handbook in Environmental Economics, Volume 4, the latest in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting timely chapters on Modeling Ecosystems and Economic Systems, Framing Sustainability Policy Questions: Who Leads – Ecology or Economics?, Valuing Natural Capital Within an Integrated Economic Ecological, Developing Economies, Urbanization, Climate Change and Health, Viewing Environmental Policy Instruments for Domestic and International Perspective, Quasi experimental Estimation of Environmental Policies, Environment Macro, The Rules for Formal and Informal Institutions in Managing Environmental Resources, and How Should Uncertainty Be Integrated into the Methods for Policy Evaluation?

Note: Title from title details screen , Includes bibliographical references and index

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537720

Additional Edition: ISBN 0444537724

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537720

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780444537720

Language: English

Keywords: Umweltökonomie ; Umweltpolitik

URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich

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Format: 1 online resource (498 pages).

ISBN: 0-444-53773-2 , 0-444-53772-4

Series Statement: Handbooks in economics

Note: Front Cover -- Handbook of Environmental Economics -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction to the Series -- Preface -- 1 Modeling coupled climate, ecosystems, and economic systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Coupled Ecological/Economic Modeling for Robustness -- 2.1 Robust Control Methods in Coupled Ecological/Economic Systems -- 2.1.1 An Introduction to Robust Control Methods -- 2.1.2 A Deterministic Approximation to Robust Control Methods in Ecosystem Management -- 3 Climate Economics with Emphasis on New Modeling: Carbon Budgeting and Robustness -- 3.1 Cumulative Carbon Budgeting to Implement Temperature Limits -- 3.1.1 Deterministic Case: The Simplest Possible Model -- 3.1.2 Robust Emission Control with Multiplicative Uncertainty -- 3.1.3 Cumulative Carbon Budgeting and Climate Changes Damages -- 3.2 Climate Change Policy with Multiple Lifetime for Greenhouse Gases -- 4 Implementation -- 5 Energy Balance Climate Models and Spatial Transport Phenomena -- 5.1 Spatial Pattern Scaling -- 5.2 Discounting for Climate Change -- 6 Spatial Aspects in Economic/Ecological Modeling -- 7 Future Directions -- 7.1 Bottom Up Implementation Rather than Top Down Implementation -- 7.2 Stochastic Modeling and Computational Approaches -- 7.3 Bifurcations and Tipping Points -- Appendix A -- A.1 Robust Control Methods -- A.2 The Case of Additive Uncertainty -- A.3 Time Consistency Issues of Solutions to Zero Sum Robust Control Games -- A.4 Climate Change Policy with Multiple Lifetime for Greenhouse Gases -- Appendix B Spatially Extended Deterministic Robust Control Problems -- B.1 An Example -- References -- 2 Ecology and economics in the science of anthropogenic biosphere change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Dynamics of Coupled Hierarchical Systems -- 3 Carrying Capacity and Assimilative Capacity -- 4 Resilience and Stability. , 5 Biodiversity and the Portfolio of Natural Assets -- 6 The Value of Ecosystem Functions -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 The nature of natural capital and ecosystem income -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theory of Measuring Natural Capital Shadow Prices in Real Ecological-Economic Systems -- 2.1 Conceptualizing Natural Capital -- 2.2 Derivation of Natural Capital Pricing Equations -- 2.3 Intuition About Natural Capital Prices and the Importance of Multiple Stocks and Adjustment Costs -- 2.4 Non-convexity and Non-differentiability -- 2.5 Non-autonomous and Stochastic Dynamics -- 2.6 Using Shadow Prices to Assess Sustainable Investment/Consumption -- 3 Approximators to Measure Natural Capital Shadow Prices -- 3.1 Three Ways to Approximate Shadow Prices -- 3.2 Tradeoffs Among Approximation Approaches -- 3.3 The Approximation Domain -- 3.4 Additional Numerical Considerations -- 4 The Measurement of the Economic Program and Ecosystem Income and Its Connection to Natural Capital Asset Prices -- 4.1 The Economic Program - x(s) -- 4.2 Dividends from Natural Capital - W -- 4.3 Ecosystem Income from Market Production -- 4.4 Ecosystem Income from Household Production -- 4.5 Direct Ecosystem Income -- 4.6 Accounting for Ecosystem Income -- 5 Examples and Applications to Date -- 6 Discussion and Future Challenges -- References -- 4 Through the looking glass: Environmental health economics in low and middle income countries -- 1 The Economics of Environmental Health -- 1.1 Environmental Health in LMICs -- 1.2 Economics and Environmental Health -- 2 Choice and Behavior -- 2.1 Simple Analytics -- 2.2 Measuring Demand: Valuation (Willingness to Pay) -- 2.3 Shifting Demand: Adoption -- 2.4 Predicting Impact: Evaluation -- 3 What We Know About Environmental Health in LMICs -- 3.1 Valuing Environmental Risk Reductions. , 3.2 Adopting Environmental Risk Reducing Technologies -- 3.3 Evaluating Environmental Health Impacts -- 4 Path Forward -- 4.1 Multiple Risks -- 4.2 Supply and Political Economy -- 4.3 Environmental Hazards and Climate Change -- 4.4 Beyond Experiments and Average Treatment Effects -- 4.5 Closing Thoughts -- References -- 5 The farmer's climate change adaptation challenge in least developed countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical and Anticipated Climate Change -- 3 Estimating the Impacts of Climate Change on LDC Agriculture -- 3.1 The Impact of Climate Change on a Farmer's Investment Decisions -- 3.2 Aggregation and General Equilibrium Effects -- 4 The Farmer Climate Adaptation Challenge -- 4.1 Income Inequality and Climate Change -- 4.2 LDC Farmer Climate Change Adaptation Opportunities -- 4.3 Rural Data Collection Needs to Accelerate Adaptation Research Progress -- 4.4 Rural to Urban Migration as an Adaptation Strategy -- 4.5 The Dimensionality of the LDC Migrant's Urban Choice Set -- 5 General Equilibrium Effects Induced by Rapid Urbanization -- 5.1 Urban Political Economy Issues Related to Climate Change Adaptation -- 5.2 The Adaptation Bene ts of LDC Urbanization -- 5.3 The Productivity of LDC Urban Firms in a Hotter World -- 5.4 Will LDC Urban Growth Signi cantly Exacerbate the Global GHG Externality Challenge? -- 5.5 Research Needs -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Selection and design of environmental policy instruments -- 1 The Need for Policy -- 2 Policy Failures -- 3 The Menu of Instruments -- 3.1 Price-Type Instruments -- 3.2 Rights-Based Policies -- 3.3 Regulation -- 3.4 Information or Legal-Based Policies -- 3.5 The Process of Policy Making at National or Other Levels -- 4 The Selection of Instruments -- 4.1 Ef ciency -- 4.2 Information Asymmetries and Uncertainty -- 4.3 Intertemporal Ef ciency -- 4.4 Spatial Ef ciency. , 4.5 Practical and Political Aspects -- 4.6 Normative Principles, Distributional Aspects, and Environmental Justice -- 5 Selected Examples -- 5.1 Taxing Carbon -- 5.1.1 Effects of CO2 Taxation -- 5.2 Taxing (and Subsidizing) Transport Fuel -- 5.3 Cap and Trade Schemes -- 5.4 Refunding Emission Payments -- 5.5 Regulation Versus Taxation: The Example of a Hazardous Chemical -- 5.6 Policies to Modify Behavioral Norms -- 6 Designing Policies for the Anthropocene -- 6.1 An Expansion of Geographic and Political Scope -- 6.2 Signi cant Extension in Time-Scale -- 6.3 Signi cant Extension of the Number of Pollutants and Scienti c Complexity -- 6.4 Equity, Ethics, Risk, Uncertainty, and Governance -- References -- 7 Quasi-experimental methods in environmental economics: Opportunities and challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Lindahl-Samuelson Condition -- 2.1 A Model of Optimal Public Good Provision -- 2.2 Estimating the Lindahl-Samuelson Condition: Measurement Challenges -- 2.3 Estimating the Lindahl-Samuelson Condition: Identi cation Challenges -- 3 The Standard Quasi-Experimental Approach -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Potential Outcomes Framework -- 3.3 Three Quasi-Experimental Methods -- 4 The Quasi-Experimental Approach for Public Goods -- 4.1 Distinguishing Public Good Source and Exposure -- 4.2 A Potential Outcomes Framework for Public Goods -- 4.3 Two Quasi-Experimental Estimators in the Literature -- 4.3.1 Average Source Effect Estimator -- 4.3.2 Average Exposure Effect Estimator -- 4.4 An Unbiased Estimator for Local Public Goods -- 4.5 Illustrative Simulations -- 5 Literature Review -- 5.1 Publication Trends -- 5.2 A Selected Review of Average Source Effect Estimates -- 5.3 A Selected Review of Average Exposure Effect Estimates -- 5.4 A Selected Review of Marginal Cost Estimates -- 6 Moving Forward -- 6.1 What To Do with Local Public Goods. , 6.2 What To Do with Global Public Goods -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Environmental macroeconomics: The case of climate change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Neoclassical Growth Model: Why and How? -- 2.1 Empirical Underpinnings: Long-Run Facts -- 2.2 Quantitative Theory -- 2.2.1 The Setting -- 2.2.2 Market Equilibrium and Calibration -- 2.2.3 Uncertainty -- 2.3 Energy Resources -- 2.3.1 Energy Demand -- 2.3.2 Energy Supply -- 2.3.3 Equilibrium -- 3 The Natural-Science Add-Ons -- 3.1 The Carbon-Cycle Module -- 3.2 The Climate Module -- 3.3 Constant Carbon-Climate Response -- 4 Damages -- 5 A Complete, Quantitative IAM -- 5.1 The Planning Problem -- 5.2 Market Equilibrium -- 5.3 Model Solution -- 5.3.1 Analytical vs. Numerical Model Solution -- 5.3.2 How-to -- 5.4 The Social Cost of Carbon -- 5.5 A Mickey-Mouse Model? Quantitative Analytical IAMs -- 5.5.1 The Pigou Tax in the Quantitative Analytical IAM -- 5.5.2 Quantitative Results from the Positive Model -- 6 Extensions -- 6.1 Endogenous Technical Change -- 6.2 Multi-Region Modeling -- 6.2.1 Leakage -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9 Causal inference in environmental conservation: The role of institutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Average Treatment Effects of Institutions -- 2.1 Instruments -- 2.2 Methods -- 2.3 Findings -- 3 Institutional Insights for Causal Models -- 3.1 Causal Diagrams -- 3.2 Institutions as Determinants of Assignment -- 3.3 Heterogeneous Institutional Treatments -- 3.4 Institutions as Moderators -- 3.5 Institutions as Mechanisms -- 4 Summary and Future Directions -- References -- 10 Uncertainty and ambiguity in environmental economics: conceptual issues -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Uncertainty and Climate Policy -- 1.2 Uncertainty and Biodiversity -- 2 Alternatives to Expected Utility -- 2.1 Probabilities and Con dence -- 2.2 Formal Development. , 2.3 Is Ambiguity Aversion Rational?.

Language: English

UID:

Format: 1 online resource (75 pages)

Series Statement: Policy research working papers.

Content: This report reviews the literature on the links between energy access, welfare, and gender in order to provide evidence on where gender considerations in the energy sector matter and how they might be addressed. Prepared as a background document for the 2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, and part of the Social Development Department's ongoing work on gender and infrastructure, the report describes and evaluates the evidence on the links between gender and energy focusing on: increased access to woodfuel through planting of trees and forest management; improved cooking technologies; and access to electricity and motive energy. The report's main finding is that energy interventions can have significant gender benefits, which can be realized via careful design and targeting of interventions based on a context-specific understanding of energy scarcity and household decision-making, in particular how women's preferences, opportunity cost of time, and welfare are reflected in household energy decisions. The report focuses on the academic peer-reviewed literature and, although it applies fairly inclusive screening criteria when selecting the evidence to consider, finds that the evidence on many of the energy-gender linkages is often limited. There is thus a clear need for studies to evaluate interventions and identify key design elements for gender-sensitive project design.

Language: English

DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5800

UID:

Format: 36 S , graph. Darst., 1 Kt., Tab

Series Statement: Working paper series / Duke-University of North Carolina Program in Latin American Studies 23

Note: Resumo in Portug.

Language: English

UID:

Format: xviii, 478 Seiten : , Illustration, Diagramme.

ISBN: 978-0-444-53772-0

Series Statement: Handbooks in economics [20]

In: Handbook of environmental economics.

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe ISBN 978-0-444-53773-7

Language: English

Author information: Dasgupta, Partha 1942-

UID:

Format: 1 online resource

ISBN: 0444537732 , 9780444537737

Series Statement: Elsevier Handbooks in Economics Series on ScienceDirect

Content: Handbook in Environmental Economics, Volume 4, the latest in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting timely chapters on Modeling Ecosystems and Economic Systems, Framing Sustainability Policy Questions: Who Leads - Ecology or Economics?, Valuing Natural Capital Within an Integrated Economic Ecological, Developing Economies, Urbanization, Climate Change and Health, Viewing Environmental Policy Instruments for Domestic and International Perspective, Quasi experimental Estimation of Environmental Policies, Environment Macro, The Rules for Formal and Informal Institutions in Managing Environmental Resources, and How Should Uncertainty Be Integrated into the Methods for Policy Evaluation?

Additional Edition: ISBN 0444537724

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780444537720

Language: English

URL: FULL  ((Currently Only Available on Campus))

UID:

Format: 33, [14] S. , graph. Darst., Kt.

Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3818

Note: Internetausg.: http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/01/12/000016406_20060112092747/Rendered/PDF/wps3818.pdf

Language: English

Keywords: Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur

Author information: Berg, Caroline H. van den