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Format: 1 Online-Ressource , v.: digital

Edition: Online_Ausgabe New York, NY Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008 Springer ebook collection / Chemistry and Materials Science 2005-2008 Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041171-1

ISBN: 9780387729466 , 9780387729473

Additional Edition: Reproduktion von Inorganic and Organometallic Macromolecules 2008

Language: English

Subjects: Chemistry/Pharmacy

URL: Volltext

URL: Volltext

URL: Einführung/Vorwort

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

URL: Cover

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URL: Volltext

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Format: 1 online resource (854 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-823267-6

Content: "Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the worldwide water contamination and scarcity problem by presenting an innovative and cost-efficient solution. This book directly deals with the Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Each chapter is authored by a respected expert in the field of water and wastewater treatment, with each chapter including case studies, worked examples, and exercises. [...] The book covers the various aspects of biochar requirements for use in adsorption science and technology. It includes vital information on this hot topic and provides a real solution to the global issues of water contamination and scarcity."--

Content: The book is the perfect introduction to the field and is multipurpose in that it can be used for teaching, learning, research, and practice. The book is invaluable for undergraduate level and above in water science, environmental sciences, soil science, material sciences and engineering, chemical sciences and engineering, and biological sciences.

Note: Intro -- Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- About the editors -- Chapter 1: Comprehensive biomass characterization in preparation for conversion -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass conversion processes -- 3. Biomass properties in preparation for biological conversion -- 3.1. Biomass characterization in preparation for bioethanol production -- 3.2. Characterization of biomass in preparation for biodiesel production -- 3.3. Characterization of biomass in preparation for biogas production -- 4. Biomass properties in preparation for thermochemical conversion -- 4.1. Heating value analysis -- 4.2. Proximate analysis -- 4.3. Ultimate analysis -- 4.4. Eutectic point analysis for biomass -- 4.5. Other biomass characterization processes -- 4.5.1. Bulk density -- 4.5.2. Particle density -- 4.5.3. Particle size distribution (PSD) -- 4.5.4. Angle of repose -- 4.5.5. Angle of friction -- 4.5.6. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity of biomass -- 5. Conclusion -- Questions and problems -- References -- Chapter 2: Biomass carbonization technologies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Char physicochemical properties -- 3. Effect of operational variables on the yield and quality of charcoal -- 3.1. Effect of temperature -- 3.2. Effect of ash content -- 3.3. Effect of acids -- 3.4. Effect of heating rate -- 3.5. Effect of pressure -- 4. Carbonization reactions -- 5. Equipment for carbonization processes -- 5.1. The ``classical´´ methods for charcoal production -- 5.1.1. Kilns for wood carbonization -- Earth kilns -- Brick, concrete, and metal kilns -- Brick and concrete kilns -- Metal kilns -- 5.1.2. Retorts to produce charcoal -- 5.2. Charcoal as by-product -- 5.2.1. Auger pyrolysis and rotary drum reactors -- Auger pyrolysis reactor -- Rotary drum reactors. , 5.2.2. Flash (high-pressure) pyrolysis reactors -- 5.2.3. Fast pyrolysis reactors -- 5.2.4. Solar pyrolysis reactors -- 5.3. Other types of charcoal for environmental remediation and other uses -- 5.3.1. By-product gasification chars from commercial gasification plants -- 5.3.2. Intermediate gasification chars from CHP systems -- 5.3.3. Chars from hydrothermal carbonization -- 6. Conclusions -- Questions and problems -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3: Physicochemical characterization of biochar derived from biomass -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermal conversion processes for the production of biochar -- 3. Physical properties of biochar -- 3.1. Particle density -- 3.2. Bulk or apparent density -- 3.3. Particle size and particle size distribution (PSD) -- 3.4. Angle of repose -- 3.5. Angle of friction -- 3.6. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity of biochar -- 4. Important thermal related properties -- 4.1. Proximate analysis -- 4.1.1. Moisture content (MC) -- 4.1.2. Volatile combustible matter (VCM) -- 4.1.3. Fixed carbon (FC) and ash -- 4.2. Ultimate analysis -- 4.3. Heating value analysis -- 4.3.1. Heat of combustion -- 4.3.2. Stoichiometry of reactions -- 4.4. Eutectic point analysis -- 5. Summary of standard methods for biochar analysis -- 6. Biochar conversion into activated carbon and performance analysis -- 6.1. Physical activation processes -- 6.2. Chemical activation process -- 6.3. Adsorption isotherms for activated carbon -- 7. Conclusions -- Questions, concepts, definitions, and problems -- Biochar use for heat, energy, and power -- Biochar use for nonenergy applications -- Proximate analysis calculations -- Ultimate analysis and Van Krevelen plot -- Heating value calculations -- Biochar chemical formula -- Stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) calculations -- Slagging and fouling factor for coal. , Slagging and fouling factor for dairy manure ash -- Biochar production via gasification and subsequent biochar use -- References -- Chapter 4: Biochar characterization for water and wastewater treatments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Laboratory Analysis of biochar -- 3. Summary -- Questions and problems -- References -- Chapter 5: Biochar adsorption system designs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sorption isotherm models -- 2.1. One-parameter isotherm -- 2.1.1. Henry's law -- 2.2. Two-parameter isotherms -- 2.2.1. Freundlich isotherm model -- 2.2.2. Langmuir isotherm model -- 2.2.3. Temkin isotherm model -- 2.2.4. Hill isotherm model -- 2.2.5. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model -- 2.2.6. Halsey model -- 2.3. Three-parameter isotherm models -- 2.3.1. Sips (Langmuir-Freundlich) isotherm model -- 2.3.2. Toth isotherm model -- 2.3.3. Redlich-Peterson isotherm model -- 2.3.4. Radke-Prausnitz isotherm model -- 2.3.5. Koble-Corrigan isotherm model -- 2.4. Multilayer physisorption isotherms -- 2.4.1. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm (BET) -- 2.4.2. Frenkel-Halsey-Hill isotherm (FHH) model -- 2.4.3. MacMillan-Teller isotherm (MET) model -- 2.5. Multicomponent sorption equilibrium models -- 2.5.1. Butler and Ockrent model or extended Langmuir model -- 2.5.2. Jain and Snoeyink model -- 2.5.3. Mathews and Weber model -- 2.5.4. Fritz and Schlunder multicomponent model -- 2.5.5. Dastgheib and Rockstraw model -- 2.5.6. Sheindorf et al. model -- 2.5.7. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) -- 3. Sorption kinetic models -- 3.1. Pseudo-first order model -- 3.2. Pseudo-second-order model -- 3.3. Revised pseudo-second-order model -- 3.4. Mixed-order (MO) model -- 3.5. Elovich equation -- 3.6. Intraparticle diffusion equation -- 3.7. Bangham equation -- 3.8. Linear film diffusion equation -- 4. Sorption column design -- 4.1. Fixed-bed or expanded bed adsorber (down flow or up flow). , 4.2. Moving-bed or fluidized-bed adsorber -- 5. Fixed-bed operation and design -- 5.1. Designing a fixed-bed adsorber applying a mass-transfer model -- 5.2. Empty bed contact time -- 5.3. Hutchins bed-depth-service-time (BDST) model -- 5.4. Thomas model -- 5.5. Adams-Bohart model -- 5.6. Wolborska model -- 5.7. Yoon-Nelson model -- 5.8. Clark's model -- 6. Conclusions -- Questions and Problems -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Techno-economic analysis of biochar in wastewater treatment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biochar markets and economics -- 3. Biochar costs in wastewater facilities -- 3.1. Process design and capital costs -- 3.2. Operation and maintenance costs -- 3.3. Techno-economic analysis of wastewater facilities -- 3.4. Biochar properties and impacts on cost -- 4. Biochar production -- 4.1. Impacts of feedstock price -- 4.2. Impacts of biochar production technology -- 4.3. Impacts of biochar coproducts -- 4.4. Impacts of environmental incentives -- 5. Biochar market drivers -- 6. Conclusions -- Questions and problems -- References -- Chapter 7: Retention of oxyanions on biochar surface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Motivation for removing oxyanions of interest -- 3. Chemical properties of biochar influencing oxyanion sorption -- 4. Feedstock and pyrolysis temperatures influence on surface chemistry and physical properties of biochar -- 5. Physical properties of biochar influencing oxyanion sorption -- 6. Applications of biochar for removing oxyanions from water and wastewater -- 6.1. Comparison of unmodified and modified biochar toward oxyanion sorption -- 6.2. Surface modification of biochar for water and wastewater treatment -- 6.3. Mechanisms of oxyanion removal by biochars -- 7. Conclusions and future perspectives -- Questions and problems -- References. , Chapter 8: Arsenic removal from household drinking water by biochar and biochar composites: A focus on scale-up -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biochar-based adsorbent synthesis -- 2.1. Biochar production and its relevance in arsenic removal -- 2.2. Engineering strategies to enhance arsenic removal -- 3. Adsorbent performance testing for scaled-up drinking water arsenic treatment -- 3.1. 1st screening: Adsorbents performance in monocomponent aqueous systems -- 3.2. 2nd screening: Multicomponent testing, naturally occurring As concentration testing, real water tests, large-scale c ... -- 3.2.1. Multicomponent testing -- 3.2.2. Tests with naturally occurring As concentrations -- 3.2.3. As sorption in natural water samples -- 3.2.4. Adsorbent recycling, regeneration, and/or safe disposal -- 3.3. 3rd screening: Utilization of biochar and biochar composites for drinking water treatment and ongoing scale-up exper ... -- 4. Conclusions -- Questions and problems -- References -- Chapter 9: Application of biochar for the removal of actinides and lanthanides from aqueous solutions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biochar and engineered biochar -- 3. Sorption performance and dynamics -- 3.1. pH dependency -- 3.2. Adsorbent dosage -- 3.3. Contact time and kinetic studies -- 3.4. Equilibrium studies: Isotherms and the effects of temperature -- 3.5. Multicomponent systems: Ionic strength and competitive ions -- 3.6. Regeneration, recycling, and reuse -- 3.7. Sorption mechanisms -- 4. Scaling up: From batch to column configuration -- 5. Conclusions, gaps, and future perspectives -- Questions and problems -- References -- Chapter 10: Microplastic removal from water and wastewater by carbon-supported materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microplastics-Sources and effects in the aquatic environment -- 2.1. Definition of microplastics -- 2.2. Sources of microplastics. , 2.3. Effects of microplastics in the aquatic environment.

Additional Edition: Print version: Mohan, Dinesh Sustainable Biochar for Water and Wastewater Treatment San Diego : Elsevier,c2022 ISBN 9780128222256

Language: English

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (524 pages) , illustrations

ISBN: 9780841218932

Series Statement: ACS symposium series 806

Note: "Derived from a symposium sponsored by the American Chemical Society (ACS) Division of Environmental Chemistry, 'Environmental chemistry: emphasis on EPA research and EPA sponsored research,' which was organized for the ACS National Meeting in Washington, D.C., August 20-24, 2000"--Preface , Distributed in print by Oxford University Press , Includes bibliographical references and index , Chemicals in the Environment: An Overview / , Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in a Model Soil / , Environmental Impacts and Monitoring: A Historical Perspective on the Use of Natural Attenuation for Subsurface Remediation / , Speciation and Chemical Reactions of Phosphonate Chelating Agents in Aqueous Media / , The Effects of Soil/Sediment Organic Matter on Mineralization, Desorption, and Immobilization of Phenanthrene / , Reductive Transformation of Halogenated Aliphatic Pollutants by Iron Sulfide / , Non-Particle Resuspension Chemical Transport from Stream Beds / , Development of the Speciation-Based Metal Exposure and Transformation Assessment Model (META4): Application to Copper and Zinc Problems in the Alamosa River, Colorado / , Transport and Transformation Processes Affecting Organophosphorus Insecticide Loads in Surface Runoff / , Assessing Atrazine Input and Removal Processes in the Chesapeake Bay Environment: An Overview / , The Urban Atmosphere: An Important Source of Trace Metals to Nearby Waters? / , Speciation and Distribution of Atmospheric Mercury over the Northern Chesapeake Bay / , Atmospheric and Fluvial Sources of Trace Elements to the Delaware Inland Bays / , Development and Application of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Guidelines in the Assessment of Sediment PAH Contamination / , Small Volume Sampling and GC/MS Analysis for PAH Concentrations in Water above Contaminated Sediments / , Highly Sensitive Assay for Anticholinesterase Compounds Using 96 Well Plate Format / , Temporal and Spatial Variation in Monitoring of Ambient Urban Air Pollutants / , Trophic Transport of Metals in Birds: Birds as Indicators of Exposure and Effect / , Genetic Diversity Provides a Useful Measure of Environmental Impacts / , Plant Biomonitors: Pollution, Dandelions, and Mutation Rates / , Molecular Identification of Chironomid Species / , Integrating Site Characterization with Aquifer and Soil Remediation Design / , Mechanisms Controlling Chlorocarbon Reduction at Iron Surfaces / , Enhanced Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Bacterial Cells with Surface-Displayed Synthetic Phytochelatins / , Solvated Electron (Na/NH3) Dechlorination of Model Compounds and Remediation of PCB- and CAH-Contaminated Wet Soils / , Groundwater and Soil Remediation Using Electrical Fields / , Influence of Nonionic Surfactants on the Bioavailability of Hexachlorobenzene for Microbial Reductive Dechlorination /

Additional Edition: ISBN 9780841237766

Additional Edition: ISBN 084123776X

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als ISBN 9780841237766

Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als ISBN 084123776X

Language: English

DOI: 10.1021/bk-2002-0806

URL: lizenzpflichtig

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Format: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 494 p)

ISBN: 9781468446197 , 9781468446210

Series Statement: Polymer Science and Technology 25

Note: Interest in preparing new polymers peaked about 1966. Since that time, industrial and government support for the synthesis and study of new polymers has steadily declined. Gone are the good days when government funds supported a great push to attain ulti­ mate thermal stability for organic polymeric materials. Gone are the good days when many chemical companies, encouraged by the obvious potential for rewards, had great interest and provided support for preparing new polymers. We now often hear managers say "we have enough polymers" or "all we need to do is find additional and better ways to use existing polymers. " The latter often in­ cludes the statement, "we can get the new materials that are wanted from polymer alloys or blends. " Interest in preparing new monomers has also waned, even though it is well recognized that monomers with special functionality are greatly needed to fine-tune existing polymers for specific tasks. Shrinkage of interest in new monomer and polymer research has not come about solely as a result of the obvious maturity of the polymers industry. Since uses for polymers continue to grow and there is still room for good concepts to study, lack of market growth and fields of study have probably not significantly contribu­ ted to that shrinkage

Language: English

Keywords: Monomere ; Polymere ; Konferenzschrift

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4619-7

URL: Volltext

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Format: XIV, 353 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.

Note: Literaturangaben

Language: Undetermined

UID:

Format: XI, 494 p. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 1984.

ISBN: 9781468446197

Series Statement: Polymer Science and Technology Series ; 25

Content: Interest in preparing new polymers peaked about 1966. Since that time, industrial and government support for the synthesis and study of new polymers has steadily declined. Gone are the good days when government funds supported a great push to attain ulti­ mate thermal stability for organic polymeric materials. Gone are the good days when many chemical companies, encouraged by the obvious potential for rewards, had great interest and provided support for preparing new polymers. We now often hear managers say "we have enough polymers" or "all we need to do is find additional and better ways to use existing polymers. " The latter often in­ cludes the statement, "we can get the new materials that are wanted from polymer alloys or blends. " Interest in preparing new monomers has also waned, even though it is well recognized that monomers with special functionality are greatly needed to fine-tune existing polymers for specific tasks. Shrinkage of interest in new monomer and polymer research has not come about solely as a result of the obvious maturity of the polymers industry. Since uses for polymers continue to grow and there is still room for good concepts to study, lack of market growth and fields of study have probably not significantly contribu­ ted to that shrinkage.

Note: Polyimidines - A New Class of Polymers -- Synthesis and Properties of Acetylene Terminated Aryl-Ether Oligomers -- Phenylated Aromatic Hetrocyclic Polyphenylenes Containing Pendant Diphenylether and Diphenylsulfide Groups -- Substituted Polyamides as Precursors for Alkyl and Alkenyl Polybenzoxazoles -- The Synthesis of Aromatic Polyformals -- New Polymers Prepared From N-Cyanaourea Compounds -- Poly(N-acyl ethyleneimines) With Polarizable Aromatic Side Chain Substituents and Their Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties -- Aqueous Solution Synthesis of Platinum II Polyureas, Polythioureas and Polyamides -- Synthesis of Dichloropalladium II Polyamines -- Star and Comb Shape Poly (oxyethylene-g-ethyleneimines) -- Poly (azoalkylene-N,N'-dioxides), 2. ?-4 Nitroisopropylidenebicyclohexyl -?-nitropoly (azo-1,4-cylohexylene-isopropyliden-1,4-cyclohexylene-N,N'-dioxide) and ?-4--nitrobicyclohexyl-?-nitropoly (azo-4-4'-bicyclohexylene-N,N'-dioxide) -- Macromolecular Dyes - Synthetic Strategies -- Quaternization of Condensation Polymers -- Para-Methylstyrene: A New Commercial Monomer For The Styrenics Industry -- New Vinyl Organometallic Monomers: Synthesis and Polymerization Behavior -- Synthesis of Organometallic Polymers For Inertial Fusion Applications -- Synthesis and NMR Characterization of Copolymers of ?-Fluorostyrene with Methyl Acrylate -- Quinodimethane Polymers -- Alkyllithium-Initiated Polymerization of Myrcene. New Block Copolymers of Styrene and Myrcene -- New Functional Methacrylate Polymers by Anionic Polymerization -- Conductive Polymers: An Opportunity For New Monomers and Polymers -- Polymerization of Butadiyne: Polymer Characterization and Properties -- Synthesis of Copolymers of m-Diisopropenylbenzene and m-Dimethoxybenzene -- Progress in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers and Cyclic Sulfides.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781468446210

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781468446203

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9780306414770

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4619-7

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4619-7

UID:

Format: 534 p. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 1985.

ISBN: 9781461594154

Content: Research on metal-containing polymers began in the early 1960's when several workers found that vinyl ferrocene and other vinylic transition metal u -com­ plexes would undergo polymerization under the same conditions as conventional organic monomers to form high polymers which incorporated a potentially reactive metal as an integral part of the polymer structures. Some of these materials could act as semi-conducters and pos­ sessed one or two dimensional conductivity. Thus appli­ cations in electronics could be visualized immediately. Other workers found that reactions used to make simple metal chelates could be used to prepare polymers if the ligands were designed properly. As interest in homo­ geneous catalysts developed in the late 60's and early 70's, several investigators began binding homogeneous catalysts onto polymers, where the advantage of homo­ geneous catalysis - known reaction mechanisms and the advantage of heterogeneous catalysis - simplicity and ease of recovery of catalysts could both be obtained. Indeed the polymer matrix itself often enhanced the selectivity of the catalyst.

Note: Metal - Containing Polymers: An Introduction -- The Synthesis and Polymerization of Vinyl Organometallic Monomers -- Models for Highly Phenylated Transition Metal-Containing Polymers; Derivatives of the Pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl Ligand -- Ferrocene Polymers -- Use of Organometallic Polymers for Pre-Heat Shields for Targets in Inertial-Confinement Nuclear Fusion -- Hydrophilic Macromolecular - Ferricinium Salts - Part I: Preparative and Spectroscopic Features of Selected Mononculear Ferricinium Compounds -- Polymer-Bound Bimetallic Complexes as Surface Reactants on Semiconductor Electrodes -- Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Cyclopentadienyl Iron (II) Moiety on Polystyrene Beads -- Modification of Dextran Through Reaction with Biscyclopentadienyltitanium Dichloride Employing the Interfacial Condensation Technique -- Electron Microsopic Studies of Osmium Carbohydrate Polymers -- Biological Activities of Monomeric and Polymeric Derivatives of cis-Dichlorodiamine- Platinum II -- Structural Characterization of cis-Platinum II Derivatives of Polyethyleneimine as a Model Carrier for Natural Drug Carriers -- Organotin Piezo - and Pyroelectric Polymer Films -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Probe of Organic Conductors -- Polymer - Metal Complexes for Solar Energy Conversion -- Conducting Organometallic Polymers and Organometallic Complexes Containing M(CO)3 (Diene) Groups -- Polymers Containing Polynuclear Cobalt and Iron Carbonyl Complexes -- Decomposition of Iron Carbonyls in Solid Polymer Matrices: Preparation of Novel Metal-Polymer Composites -- Microemulsion, Surfactant Vesicle and Polymerized Surfactant Vesicle-Entrapped Colloidal Catalysts and Semiconductors: Preparation, Characterization and Utilization -- Metal-Chelate Polymers: Structural/Property Relationships as a Function of the Metal Ion -- A Study of Cobalt-Containing Polyimide Films -- Polymeric Bipyridines as Chelating Agents and Catalysts -- Alkali Metal Organometallic Polymers: Preparation and Applications in Polymer and Reagent Synthesis -- Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Rare Earth Metal Ion Chelating Polymers -- Intermolecular Energy Transfer as a Means for the Characterization of Polymeric Lanthanide Complexes in Solution -- Moisture - Crosslinkable Silane-Grafted Polyolefins.

In: Springer Nature eBook

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781461594178

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9780306418914

Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9781461594161

Language: English

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9415-4

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9415-4

UID:

Format: X, 518 S , Ill., graph. Darst

ISBN: 0306452952

Note: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Metal-containing Polymeric Materials, held August 21-25, 1994, at the 208th American Chemical Society Meeting in Washington, D.C."--T.p. verso , Literaturangaben

Language: English

Subjects: Physics

Keywords: Kunststoff-Metall-Verbund ; Silicon-Polymere ; Konferenzschrift

URL: Verlagsangaben

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis