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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    almafu_9958104704102883
    Format: 1 online resource (57 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper uses two recently completed surveys of individual entrepreneurs (farmers and microentrepreneurs) and registered enterprises (agricultural and nonagricultural) operating in Mexico's rural sector to provide new evidence about the factors influencing the incidence of credit constraints and investment behavior. To measure the incidence of credit constraints, the authors use self-reported information on whether economic agents have a demand for loans, separating formal and informal markets. They define credit constraints as a situation where rural agents report an unsatisfied demand for loans (formal or informal), which originates from rural agents having projects that are too risky or from impediments hindering the ability of rural agents and lenders to reduce information asymmetries. The authors find that the self-reported demand for loans is low. Nevertheless, the incidence of credit constraints is pervasive, especially among individual entrepreneurs. The low use of loans has consequences for the amount of investments that occur in the rural economy, posing a major obstacle to Mexico's convergence towards its NAFTA partners. The empirical analysis, which includes proxies of business prospects and creditworthiness, shows that improving the availability of loans to credit constrained agents would increase the number of agents making investments and their investment to capital ratios.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almafu_9960786818602883
    Format: 1 online resource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Content: This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) looks at why a country with such great potential has not been able to materialize it. The SCD analysis has identified several knowledge gaps. The analysis in this report focuses on the 2000 to 2014 period, covering the boom years before 2008 and the global financial crisis and recovery years up to 2014. It is based on a rich household data set from the National Living Standards Measurement Survey (ENCOVI) as well as on data on malnutrition from the 2014 National Survey of Maternal and Child Indicators (ENSMI). Where relevant and where there are available data, longer times series have been constructed, but the focus of the report is on this 15-year period. The analysis has some limitations. The SCD team identified various countries that could be considered to be Guatemala's peer and aspirational countries in terms of their income level and population size, and whenever it is relevant to do so, the report benchmarks Guatemala's performance against the performance of those countries. The report is organized as follows: After the overview presented here in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 provides evidence of the trends in poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality in Guatemala. The first section benchmarks Guatemala's progress in reducing income poverty against its peer countries. This is followed by an examination of consumption poverty, which is the official measure of poverty used in Guatemala. The analysis highlights the gaps between the two Guatemalas. The chapter ends with some findings concerning the drivers of poverty, specifically focusing on the roles played by prices, labor, and transfers. Chapter 3 attempts to answer the question of how inclusive economic growth has been in Guatemala, looking first at the limited role played by labor markets in helping people to rise out of poverty and at the limited human capital and the dearth of opportunities to increase it. The chapter then discusses the ineffective and inadequate public spending that rives these outcomes and demonstrates the link between limited opportunities and poor outcomes, focusing specifically on malnutrition and vulnerability. Chapter 4 analyzes the drivers of growth and the roles and characteristics of key sectors. Important changes in trade policies are then covered, and the chapter ends with a detailed discussion of the main constraints to increasing investment and productivity and to creating high-quality jobs. Chapter 5 focuses on various fiscal, environmental, and social challenges. Major concerns about tax revenues, water resources and land use are highlighted. The final chapter summarizes the priorities that have emerged from the analysis and describes a set of policies or areas of action that have the potential to put Guatemala on a path of higher and more inclusive growth.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048271046
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: Costa Rica stands out for being among the most politically stable, progressive, prosperous, and environmentally conscious nations in the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Its development model has brought important economic, social, and environmental dividends, with sustained growth, upward mobility for a large share of the population, important gains in social indicators, and significant achievements in reforestation and conservation. However, there are a number of development challenges that need to be addressed to maintain the country's successful development path. This Systematic Country Diagnostic takes stock of the poverty, inequality, and growth trends, addressing the following questions: To what extent has the Costa Rican development model been inclusive? What has driven growth in Costa Rica in recent years, and what are the bottlenecks that need to be addressed? How sustainable is the development model of Costa Rica economically, socially, and environmentally?
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1657049957
    Format: Online-Ressource (1 online resource(pages cm).)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    ISBN: 9781464805684
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9781464805684
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 978-1-4648-0568-4
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    almafu_9958084579802883
    Format: 1 online resource(pages cm).
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4648-0569-5
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Content: For Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic; ""Central America free trade agreement (CAFTA-DR) has been more than a trade agreement. Costa Rica has used trade liberalization and promotion of international trade as a core development strategy for decades. CAFTA-DR consolidated benefits that had previously been unilaterally extended under the Caribbean Basin Initiative into a multilateral free trade agreement, providing a more stable environment for trade relationships. Beyond just being a trade agreement, CAFTA-DR opened up state monopolies in telecommunications and insurance, which polarized
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Trade and FDI Patterns; The High-Tech Sector: FDI and Export Performance; Insurance: The End of a Monopoly and a New Beginning for a Market; Telecommunications and the End of Another Monopoly; Intellectual Property Rights in CAFTA-DR and the Link to Pharmaceuticals in Costa Rica; Chapter 1 The Context of CAFTA-DR in Costa Rica; Introduction; CAFTA-DR in Historical Context; Economic Arguments for and against CAFTA-DR at the Time of Ratification; Legal and Regulatory Changes with CAFTA-DR , Trade and FDI Patterns with CAFTA-DR Figures; Figure 1.1 Costa Rican Exports (FOB) to the United States, 2002-12; Figure 1.2 U.S. Imports (CIF) from CAFTA-DR Countries, 1980-2012; Figure 1.3 Costa Rican Quarterly Exports to the United States, 1997-2012; Figure 1.4 Costa Rican Quarterly Imports from the United States, 1997-2012; Figure 1.5 Composition of Total Exports of Cost a African Goods (FOB), 1997-2013; Tables; Table 1.1 Top Export Products, Percentage of Total Exports, 2003-12; Figure 1.6 Costa Rican Export Concentration Index of Agricultural Goods Relative to World Average, 1994-2011 , Figure 1.7 FDI Inflows to Costa Rica by Country of Origin, 1997-2012 Notes; Figure 1.8 FDI Inflows to Costa Rica by Sector, 2004 versus 2012; References; Chapter 2 CAFTA-DR and the High-Tech Sector: FDI and Export Performance; Introduction; The Impacts of FTAs on FDI and Exports in Costa Rica's High-Tech Sector; CAFTA-DR and FDI in the High-Tech Sector: Evidence from Secondary Data; Figure 2.1 Net FDI Inflows, 2000-11; Figure 2.2 FDI Inflows by Country of Origin; Figure 2.3 Number of MNCs in High-Tech Sectors; CAFTA-DR and Exports in the High-Tech Sector: Evidence from Secondary Data , Figure 2.4 Average FDI Inflows in High-Tech Sector Figure 2.5 Costa Rica's Exports and Imports of Goods and Services, 1990-2011; Figure 2.6 Exports of Costa Rica's FTZs, 2002-12; Figure 2.7 Exports of High-Tech and Low-Tech Sectors of Costa Rica, 2004-12; Figure 2.8 Exports of Costa Rica to the United States by Sector, 2002-12; CAFTA-DR, FDI, and MNC Performance in the High-Tech Sector: Findings from Online Surveys; Box 2.1 Survey of Multinational Companies in High-Tech Sectors; Figure 2.9 High-Tech Sector Exports in Costa Rica, 2000-11 , Figure 2.10 Number of Surveyed Firms by Product Line of First Investment Boxes; Figure 2.11 Top Three Reasons for Last Investment in Costa Rica by Product Line of Last Investment; Table 2.1 Responses: How CAFTA-DR Impacted Firm Performance, Percentage of Surveyed Firms; CAFTA-DR, FDI, and Exports in the High-Tech Sector: Findings from Structured Interviews; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Insurance: The End of a Monopoly, and a New Beginning for a Market; Introduction and Summary; Legislative Change; Market Dynamics; Table 3.1 Trends in Market Size and Development , Figure 3.1 Explaining Non-Life Insurance Penetration Trends , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4648-0568-7
    Language: English
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048266869
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (Seiten cm))
    ISBN: 9781464805684
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781464805684
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    UID:
    edoccha_9960786818602883
    Format: 1 online resource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: Systematic Country Diagnostics
    Content: This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) looks at why a country with such great potential has not been able to materialize it. The SCD analysis has identified several knowledge gaps. The analysis in this report focuses on the 2000 to 2014 period, covering the boom years before 2008 and the global financial crisis and recovery years up to 2014. It is based on a rich household data set from the National Living Standards Measurement Survey (ENCOVI) as well as on data on malnutrition from the 2014 National Survey of Maternal and Child Indicators (ENSMI). Where relevant and where there are available data, longer times series have been constructed, but the focus of the report is on this 15-year period. The analysis has some limitations. The SCD team identified various countries that could be considered to be Guatemala's peer and aspirational countries in terms of their income level and population size, and whenever it is relevant to do so, the report benchmarks Guatemala's performance against the performance of those countries. The report is organized as follows: After the overview presented here in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 provides evidence of the trends in poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality in Guatemala. The first section benchmarks Guatemala's progress in reducing income poverty against its peer countries. This is followed by an examination of consumption poverty, which is the official measure of poverty used in Guatemala. The analysis highlights the gaps between the two Guatemalas. The chapter ends with some findings concerning the drivers of poverty, specifically focusing on the roles played by prices, labor, and transfers. Chapter 3 attempts to answer the question of how inclusive economic growth has been in Guatemala, looking first at the limited role played by labor markets in helping people to rise out of poverty and at the limited human capital and the dearth of opportunities to increase it. The chapter then discusses the ineffective and inadequate public spending that rives these outcomes and demonstrates the link between limited opportunities and poor outcomes, focusing specifically on malnutrition and vulnerability. Chapter 4 analyzes the drivers of growth and the roles and characteristics of key sectors. Important changes in trade policies are then covered, and the chapter ends with a detailed discussion of the main constraints to increasing investment and productivity and to creating high-quality jobs. Chapter 5 focuses on various fiscal, environmental, and social challenges. Major concerns about tax revenues, water resources and land use are highlighted. The final chapter summarizes the priorities that have emerged from the analysis and describes a set of policies or areas of action that have the potential to put Guatemala on a path of higher and more inclusive growth.
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 8
    UID:
    gbv_326926488
    Format: XXXIV, 98 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    ISBN: 0821349287
    Series Statement: World Bank technical paper 499
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    Language: English
    Keywords: Rumänien ; Agrarkredit ; Entwicklungsbank
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C., : The World Bank,
    UID:
    edocfu_9958104704102883
    Format: 1 online resource (57 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: This paper uses two recently completed surveys of individual entrepreneurs (farmers and microentrepreneurs) and registered enterprises (agricultural and nonagricultural) operating in Mexico's rural sector to provide new evidence about the factors influencing the incidence of credit constraints and investment behavior. To measure the incidence of credit constraints, the authors use self-reported information on whether economic agents have a demand for loans, separating formal and informal markets. They define credit constraints as a situation where rural agents report an unsatisfied demand for loans (formal or informal), which originates from rural agents having projects that are too risky or from impediments hindering the ability of rural agents and lenders to reduce information asymmetries. The authors find that the self-reported demand for loans is low. Nevertheless, the incidence of credit constraints is pervasive, especially among individual entrepreneurs. The low use of loans has consequences for the amount of investments that occur in the rural economy, posing a major obstacle to Mexico's convergence towards its NAFTA partners. The empirical analysis, which includes proxies of business prospects and creditworthiness, shows that improving the availability of loans to credit constrained agents would increase the number of agents making investments and their investment to capital ratios.
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 10
    UID:
    almahu_9949191480102882
    Format: 1 online resource(pages cm).
    ISBN: 9781464805684 (alk. paper)
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Additional Edition: Print Version: ISBN 9781464805684
    Language: English
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